List of supernova remnants

Last updated April 25, 2024

This is a list of observed supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way, as well as galaxies nearby enough to resolve individual nebulae, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda Galaxy.

Name	Right ascension	Declination	First visible from Earth	Peak magnitude	Distance (ly)	Type	Remnant
Sh2-264 or Lambda Orionis Ring	05^h 37^m	+09° 30′	~1 million years ago	?	1,100	?	?
Sagittarius A East	17^h 45^m 41^s	−29° 00′ 48″	100,000−35,000 years ago	?	26,000	tidal disruption	?
Simeis 147 or Spaghetti Nebula	05^h 39^m	+27° 50′	~40,000 years ago	6.5	3,000	?	neutron star PSR J0538+2817
IC 443 also known as jellyfish nebulae	06^h 18^m 02.7^s	+22° 39′ 36″	~30,000 years ago	?	3,000	II	neutron star CXOU J061705.3+222127
SNR G132.6+01.5	02^h 17^m 40^s	+62° 45′ 00″	33,000–27,000 years ago	?	7,200	?	?
W50 or Manatee Nebula	19^h 12^m 20^s	+04° 55′ 00″	~20,000 years ago	?	18,000	?	black hole/neutron star SS 433
W44	18^h 56^m 10.65^s	+01° 13′ 21.3″	20,000–16,000 years ago	?	10,400	?	neutron star PSR B1853+01
SNR G359.0-0.9	17^h 45^m 30^s	−29° 57′ 0″	18,000 years ago	?	11,000	?	?
Vela SNR	08^h 34^m	−45° 50′	10,300−9,000 BCE	12	815±98	II	neutron star Vela Pulsar
SNR G359.1-0.5	17^h 46^m 5^s	−30° 16′	ca. 8,000 BCE^[1]	?	10,500	?	?
CTB 1 or Abell 85	23^h 59^m 13^s	+62° 26′ 12″	9,000–5,500 BCE	?	10,100	?	neutron star PSR J0002+6216
Kesteven 79	18^h 52^m 29^s	+00° 38′ 42″	8600–7000 BCE	?	23,000	?	neutron star PSR J1852+0040
Cygnus Loop, including Veil Nebula	20^h 51^m	+30° 40′	6,000−3,000 BCE	7	1,470	?	possible neutron star 2XMM J204920.2+290106
3C 58	02^h 05^m 37.0^s	+64° 49′ 42″	3500−1500 BCE	?	8,000	?	pulsar 3C 58
LMC N49	05^h 26^m 00.4^s	−66° 05′ 02″	~3,000 BCE	?	160,000	?	neutron star PSR B0525-66
G299.2-2.9 ^[2]	12^h 15^m 13^s	−65° 30′ 00″	~2,500 BCE	?	16,000	Ias	none
Puppis A	08^h 24^m 07^s	−42° 59′ 50″	~1,700 BCE	?	7,000	?	neutron star RX J0822−4300
G332.4+00.1	16^h 15^m 20^s	−50° 42′ 00″	~1,000 BCE	?	16,800	?	neutron star PSR J1614-5048
G54.1+0.3 ^[3]	19^h 30^m 30^s	+18° 52′ 14″	~900 BCE	?	22,000	?	neutron star PSR J1930+1852
G292.0+01.8	11^h 24^m 59^s	−59° 19′ 10″	~800–400 BCE	?	17,600	?	neutron star PSR J1124-5916
Kesteven 75	18^h 46^m 25.5^s	−02° 59′ 14″	1st millennium BCE	?	18,900	?	neutron star PSR J1846-0258
G306.3-0.9 ^[4]	13^h 21^m 50.9^s	−63° 33′ 50″	~400 BCE	?	26,000	Ia	none
RCW 103	16^h 17^m 33^s	−51° 02′ 00″	1st century	?	10,000	II	neutron star 1E 161348-5055
SN 185	14^h 43^m 00^s	−62° 30′ 00″	December 7, 185	?	8,200	Ia	none
CTB 37B (possibly SN 393)	17^h 13^m 43.0^s	−38° 10′ 12″	~500 CE (April 393?)	?	43,000	?	neutron star CXOU J171405.7-381031
E0102	01^h 04^m 01^s	−72° 01′ 52″	1st millennium	?	190,000	?	neutron star
SNR 0540-69.3	05^h 40^m 10.8^s	−69° 19′ 54.2″	350–1250 CE	?	160,000	?	neutron star PSR J0540−6919
W49B	19^h 11^m 09^s	+09° 06′ 24″	About 1000 CE	?	26,000	Ib or Ic	unidentified black hole
SN 1006	15^h 02^m 22.1^s	−42° 05′ 49″	May 1, 1006	−7.5	7,200	Ia ^[5]	none
G350.1-0.3	17^h 21^m 06^s	−37° 26′ 50″	1000–1100	?	15,000	?	neutron star XMMU J172054.5-372652
SN 1054 or M1 or Crab Nebula	05^h 34^m 31.94^s	+22° 00′ 52.2″	July 4, 1054	−6	6,300	II	neutron star Crab Pulsar
RX J0852.0-4622 or Vela Junior	08^h 52^m 00^s	−46° 20′ 00″	September 13, 1271^[6]	?	700	?	neutron star CXOU J085201.4–461753
SGR 1806-20	18^h 08^m 39.32^s	−20° 24′ 40.1″	1050–1650	?	42,000	?	neutron star SGR 1806-20
SN 1572 or Tycho's Nova	00^h 25^m 21.5^s	+64° 08′ 27″	November 11, 1572	−4	7,500	Ia ^[5]	none
SN 1604 or Kepler's Nova	17^h 30^m 35.98^s	−21° 28′ 56.2″	October 8, 1604	−2.5	20,000	Ia	none
Cassiopeia A	23^h 23^m 24^s	+58° 48′ 54″	circa 1667	6	10,000	IIb ^[7]	neutron star CXOU J232327.8+584842
SN 1885A or S Andromedae	00^h 42^m 43.12^s	+41° 16′ 03.2″	August 20, 1885	6	2,500,000	I pec	none
G1.9+0.3	17^h 48^m 46.1^s	−27° 09′ 50.9″	circa 1898	?	25,000	Ia	none
SN 1987A	05^h 35^m 28.02^s	−69° 16′ 11.1″	February 24, 1987	3	168,000	II-P	neutron star

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supernova</span> Explosion of a star at its end of life

A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star. A supernova occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star, or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion. The original object, called the progenitor, either collapses to a neutron star or black hole, or is completely destroyed to form a diffuse nebula. The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy before fading over several weeks or months.

A supernova remnant (SNR) is the structure resulting from the explosion of a star in a supernova. The supernova remnant is bounded by an expanding shock wave, and consists of ejected material expanding from the explosion, and the interstellar material it sweeps up and shocks along the way.

An intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range 10²–10⁵ solar masses: significantly more than stellar black holes but less than the 10⁵–10⁹ solar mass supermassive black holes. Several IMBH candidate objects have been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy and others nearby, based on indirect gas cloud velocity and accretion disk spectra observations of various evidentiary strength.

Centaurus A is a galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop from his home in Parramatta, in New South Wales, Australia. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type and distance. NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is also the fifth-brightest in the sky, making it an ideal amateur astronomy target. It is only visible from the southern hemisphere and low northern latitudes.

Messier 108 is a barred spiral galaxy about 28 million light-years away from Earth in the northern constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 or 1782. From the Earth, this galaxy is seen almost edge-on.

NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar to the distance of M101 in the constellation Ursa Major. Both were once considered to be part of the Local Group, but are now known to be among the dozen bright spiral galaxies near the Milky Way but beyond the confines of the Local Group. NGC 6946 lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is a supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation Cassiopeia and the brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky at frequencies above 1 GHz. The supernova occurred approximately 11,000 light-years (3.4 kpc) away within the Milky Way; given the width of the Orion Arm, it lies in the next-nearest arm outwards, the Perseus Arm, about 30 degrees from the Galactic anticenter. The expanding cloud of material left over from the supernova now appears approximately 10 light-years (3 pc) across from Earth's perspective. It has been seen in wavelengths of visible light with amateur telescopes down to 234 mm (9.25 in) with filters.

W49B is a nebula in Westerhout 49 (W49). The nebula is a supernova remnant, probably from a type Ib or Ic supernova that occurred around 1,000 years ago. It may have produced a gamma-ray burst and is thought to have left a black hole remnant.

A Type Ia supernova is a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems in which one of the stars is a white dwarf. The other star can be anything from a giant star to an even smaller white dwarf.

The known history of supernova observation goes back to 1006 AD. All earlier proposals for supernova observations are speculations with many alternatives.

G1.9+0.3 is a supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is the youngest-known SNR in the Milky Way, resulting from an explosion the light from which would have reached Earth some time between 1890 and 1908. The explosion was not seen from Earth as it was obscured by the dense gas and dust of the Galactic Center, where it occurred. The remnant's young age was established by combining data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the VLA radio observatory. It was a type Ia supernova. The remnant has a radius of over 1.3 light-years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Circinus X-1</span> Binary star in the constellation Circinus

Circinus X-1 is an X-ray binary star system that includes a neutron star. Observation of Circinus X-1 in July 2007 revealed the presence of X-ray jets normally found in black hole systems; it is the first of the sort to be discovered that displays this similarity to black holes. Circinus X-1 may be among the youngest X-ray binaries observed.

The Central Molecular Zone or CMZ is a region of the Milky Way Galaxy rich in an estimated 60 million solar masses (M_☉) of gas within a complex of giant molecular clouds. It spans the centre of the Milky Way, and as such is in the Sagittarius constellation, between galactic longitude 1.7° and -0.7°, and latitudes -0.2° and +0.2°.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN 386</span>

SN 386 is a probable transient astronomical event in the constellation Sagittarius, which appeared as a "guest star" that was reported by Chinese astronomers in 386 CE.

NGC 5643 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Lupus. Based on the tip of the red-giant branch distance indicator, it is located at a distance of about 40 million light-years. NGC 5643 has an active galactic nucleus and is a type II Seyfert galaxy.

NGC 4753 is a lenticular galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4753 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 22, 1784. It is notable for having distinct dust lanes that surround its nucleus. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

NGC 3256 is a peculiar galaxy formed from the collision of two separate galaxies in the constellation of Vela. NGC 3256 is located about 100 million light-years away and belongs to the Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster complex. NGC 3256 provides a nearby template for studying the properties of young star clusters in tidal tails. The system hides a double nucleus and a tangle of dust lanes in the central region. The telltale signs of the collision are two extended luminous tails swirling out from the galaxy. The tails are studded with a particularly high density of star clusters. NGC 3256 is the most luminous galaxy in the infrared spectrum located within z 0.01 from Earth.

NGC 5965 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 150 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5965 is about 260,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 5, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G306.3-0.9</span> Supernova remnant

SNR G306.3-00.9, also called G306.3-0.9 is a supernova remnant located in the constellation Centaurus. It was discovered by the Swift Space Observatory in 2011.

Kesteven 75, abbreviated as Kes 75 and also called SNR G029.7-00.3, G29.7-0.3 and 4C -03.70, is a supernova remnant located in the constellation Aquila.

References

↑ Bamba, Aya; Yokogawa, Jun; Sakano, Masaaki; Koyama, Katsuji (1 April 2000). "Deep X-Ray Observations of Supernova Remnants G359.1–0.5 and G359.0–0.9 with ASCA". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 52 (2): 259–266. arXiv: astro-ph/0003057 . doi:10.1093/pasj/52.2.259.
↑ Chandra X-Ray Observatory (2015-02-12). "G299.2-2.9: Exploded Star Blooms Like a Cosmic Flower" . Retrieved 2015-10-15.
↑ J. Rho et al. (2017), "A Dust Twin of Cas A: Cool Dust and 21-micron Silicate Dust Feature in the Supernova Remnant G54.1+0.3", MNRAS doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1713
↑ Francis, Reddy. "NASA's Swift, Chandra Explore a Youthful 'Star Wreck'". NASA. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
1 2 Schaefer, B. E. (2004). Höflich, Peter; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig (eds.). Cosmic explosions in three dimensions : asymmetries in supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Cambridge Contemporary Astrophysics. p. 383. ISBN 0-521-84286-7.. Supernovae types discussed in contributed article "Types for the galactic supernovae" by B.E. Schaefer, pp. 81–84.
↑ Wade, Richard Peter (2 January 2019). "Polynesian origins of the Māori in New Zealand and the supernova RX J0852.0-4622 / G 266.2-1.2 or Mahutonga". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 74 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2018.1555680. hdl: 2263/76028 .
↑ Krause, O.; Birkmann, S.; Usuda, T.; Hattori, T.; Goto, M.; Rieke, G.; Misselt, K. (2008). "The Cassiopeia A supernova was of type IIb". Science. 320 (5880): 1195–1197. arXiv: 0805.4557 . Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1195K. doi:10.1126/science.1155788. PMID 18511684. S2CID 40884513.

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[Bamba2000-1] Bamba, Aya; Yokogawa, Jun; Sakano, Masaaki; Koyama, Katsuji (1 April 2000). "Deep X-Ray Observations of Supernova Remnants G359.1–0.5 and G359.0–0.9 with ASCA". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 52 (2): 259–266. arXiv: astro-ph/0003057 . doi:10.1093/pasj/52.2.259.

[2] Chandra X-Ray Observatory (2015-02-12). "G299.2-2.9: Exploded Star Blooms Like a Cosmic Flower" . Retrieved 2015-10-15.

[3] J. Rho et al. (2017), "A Dust Twin of Cas A: Cool Dust and 21-micron Silicate Dust Feature in the Supernova Remnant G54.1+0.3", MNRAS doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1713

[4] Francis, Reddy. "NASA's Swift, Chandra Explore a Youthful 'Star Wreck'". NASA. Retrieved 2013-03-21.

[schaefer-5] 1 2 Schaefer, B. E. (2004). Höflich, Peter; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig (eds.). Cosmic explosions in three dimensions : asymmetries in supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Cambridge Contemporary Astrophysics. p. 383. ISBN 0-521-84286-7.. Supernovae types discussed in contributed article "Types for the galactic supernovae" by B.E. Schaefer, pp. 81–84.

[Wade2019-6] Wade, Richard Peter (2 January 2019). "Polynesian origins of the Māori in New Zealand and the supernova RX J0852.0-4622 / G 266.2-1.2 or Mahutonga". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 74 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2018.1555680. hdl: 2263/76028 .

[7] Krause, O.; Birkmann, S.; Usuda, T.; Hattori, T.; Goto, M.; Rieke, G.; Misselt, K. (2008). "The Cassiopeia A supernova was of type IIb". Science. 320 (5880): 1195–1197. arXiv: 0805.4557 . Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1195K. doi:10.1126/science.1155788. PMID 18511684. S2CID 40884513.

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v t e Supernovae
Classes	Type Ia Type Iax Type Ib and Ic Type II (IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb) Hypernova Superluminous Pair-instability Calcium-rich Common envelope jets supernova
Physics of	Carbon detonation Foe/Bethe Near-Earth Phillips relationship Nucleosynthesis p-process r-process γ-process Neutrinos
Related	Failed Fast blue optical transient Fast radio burst Gamma-ray burst Gravitational wave Kilonova Luminous red nova Micronova Nova Pulsar kick Quark-nova Soft gamma repeater Imposter pulsational pair-instability Symbiotic nova
Progenitors	Hypergiant yellow Red Luminous blue variable Supergiant blue red yellow White dwarf Wolf–Rayet star Super-AGB star Population III star
Remnants	Supernova remnant Pulsar wind nebula Neutron star pulsar magnetar Stellar black hole Compact star electroweak exotic quark Zombie star Local Bubble Superbubble Orion–Eridanus
Discovery	Guest star History of supernova observation Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
Lists	Candidates Notable Massive stars Most distant Remnants In fiction
Notable	Barnard's Loop Cassiopeia A SN 1054 Crab Nebula iPTF14hls SN 1000+0216 Tycho's Kepler's SN 1885A SN 1987A SN 1994D SN 185 SN 1006 SN 2003fg Remnant G1.9+0.3 SN 2007bi SN 2011fe SN 2014J SN Refsdal Vela Remnant SN 2006gy ASASSN-15lh SN 2016aps SN 2018cow SN 2022jli
Research	ASAS-SN Calán/Tololo Survey High-Z Supernova Search Team Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey Nearby Supernova Factory Sloan Supernova Survey Supernova/Acceleration Probe Supernova Cosmology Project SuperNova Early Warning System Supernova Legacy Survey Texas Supernova Search
Category:Supernovae Commons:Supernovae

v t e Nebulae
Visible nebula	Dark nebula Diffuse nebula Emission nebula Planetary nebula Supernova remnant Nova remnant H II region Reflection nebula Variable nebula Protoplanetary nebula
Pre-stellar nebulae	Giant molecular cloud Bok globule Evaporating gaseous globule Solar nebula
Stellar nebula	Nova remnant Protoplanetary nebula Wolf–Rayet nebula Integrated Flux Nebula
Post-stellar nebulae	Planetary nebula Supernova remnant Pulsar wind nebula Supershell
Clouds	Interstellar cloud Molecular cloud Infrared cirrus High-velocity cloud H I region
Morphology	Bipolar nebula Pinwheel nebula
Intergalactic blobs	Lyman-alpha blob
Lists	Diffuse Largest Nebulae Planetary (PNe) Protoplanetary (PPNe) Supernova remnants (SNRs)
Related	Cometary knot
Category Commons Wiktionary

List of supernova remnants

Contents

See also

Related Research Articles

References

External links