SN H0pe

Last updated
SN H0pe
Event type Supernova [1] [2]
Type Ia [1] [2]
Instrument James Webb Space Telescope
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 11h 27m 15.6s [3] [2]
Declination +42° 25′ 33″ [3] [2]
Epoch J2000.0 [3] [2]
Galactic coordinates 165.7281 +67.0362 [2]
Redshift 1.783 [1] [2]
HostPLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1
Progenitor type white dwarf
Other designationsSN H0pe, SN Hope, Supernova Hope, Supernova H0pe, PLCK G165.7+67.0 SN 2023, PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 SN 2023, G165 SN 2023, G165 Arc 1 SN 2023, Arc 1 SN 2023
[ edit on Wikidata]

SN H0pe (pronounced: Supernova Hope) is a Type Ia supernova discovered in 2023, at a redshift of z=1.78. [4] [1] [3] It is a supernova discovered in a gravitationally lensed subject system, being itself a triply lensed object. Its name, H0pe, comes from its proposed utility in determination of the Hubble Constant (H0) that would allow determination of H0 in the distant universe and compare it with local determinations; and hopefully resolve Hubble tension, the difference in such determinations with local Type Ia supernovae and those based on the very distant Cosmic Microwave Background. The supernova exploded when the universe was 3.5 billion years old, rather than at today's date of 13.8 billion years old. The supernova progenitor was a white dwarf star, the progenitor of all Type Ia supernovae. The gravitational lens is galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 (at a redshift of z=0.35), which lensed the supernova and its host galaxy. [5] [6]

The determination for the Hubble Constant (H0) using this Type Ia supernova was 75.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec. This greatly agrees with the determination of H0 with local Type Ia supernova of 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec. And this is at variance with the determination from the Cosmic Microwave Background and baryon acoustic oscillations, of 67 kilometers per second per megaparsec. Thus not resolving the Hubble tension, but instead reinforcing the difference. This determination of H0 from a multiply-lensed Type Ia supernova represents the first such precision measurement. [7] [8] [9]

The supernova is located in the galaxy PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 (Arc 1 for short) located at redshift z=1.78, behind the lensing cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 (G165 for short) located at redshift z=0.35, and is triply imaged, each image called Arc 1a, Arc 1b, Arc 1c. This galaxy is part of a compact group of galaxies, of 6 members, 4 of which surround the host galaxy. This group 6 of galaxies is part of 11 galaxies that are imaged by the lens, each referred to as Arc 1, Arc 2, etc. The host galaxy is the dominant galaxy in its compact group. The lens system is located in the constellation of Ursa Major. [3] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubble's law</span> Observation in physical cosmology

Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther they are, the faster they are moving away. For this purpose, the recessional velocity of a galaxy is typically determined by measuring redshift, a shift in the light it emits toward the red end of the visible light spectrum. The discovery of Hubble's law is attributed to work published by Edwin Hubble in 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cosmic distance ladder</span> Succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects

The cosmic distance ladder is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are "close enough" to Earth. The techniques for determining distances to more distant objects are all based on various measured correlations between methods that work at close distances and methods that work at larger distances. Several methods rely on a standard candle, which is an astronomical object that has a known luminosity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6946</span> Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus

NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar to the distance of M101 in the constellation Ursa Major. Both were once considered to be part of the Local Group, but are now known to be among the dozen bright spiral galaxies near the Milky Way but beyond the confines of the Local Group. NGC 6946 lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3370</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3370 (also known as UGC 5887 or Silverado Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy about 82.2 ± 5.9 million light-years (25.2 ± 1.8 megaparsecs) away in the constellation Leo. It is nearly comparable to our Milky Way both in diameter with a D25 isophotal size about 77,300 ly (23.69 kpc) comparing to the Milky Way Galaxy's 87,400 ly (26.8 kpc) diameter, and as well as in mass (1011 M☉). NGC 3370 exhibits an intricate spiral arm structure surrounding a poorly defined nucleus. It is a member of the NGC 3370 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type Ia supernova</span> Type of supernova in binary systems

A Type Ia supernova is a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems in which one of the stars is a white dwarf. The other star can be anything from a giant star to an even smaller white dwarf.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SCP 06F6</span> Astronomical object discovered in 2006

SCP 06F6 is an astronomical object of unknown type, discovered on 21 February 2006 in the constellation Boötes during a survey of galaxy cluster CL 1432.5+3332.8 with the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5679 Group</span> Triplet of galaxies in the constellation Virgo

The NGC 5679 group, also known as Arp 274, is a triplet of galaxies, MCG+1-37-36, MCG+1-37-35 and MCG+1-37-34, spanning about 200000 light-years and at some 400 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Virgo. Arp 274 refers to the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, compiled by Halton Arp in 1966. Galaxies 269 through 274 in his catalogue are galaxies that appear to have connected arms.

SN 2005gl was a supernova in the barred-spiral galaxy NGC 266. It was discovered using CCD frames taken October 5, 2005, from the 60 cm automated telescope at the Puckett Observatory in Georgia, US, and reported by Tim Puckett in collaboration with Peter Ceravolo. It was independently identified by Yasuo Sano in Japan. The supernova was located 29.8″ east and 16.7″ north of the galactic core. Based upon its spectrum, this was classified as a Type IIn core-collapse supernova. It has a redshift of z = 0.016, which is the same as the host galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN 2011fe</span> Supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy

SN 2011fe, initially designated PTF 11kly, was a Type Ia supernova discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) survey on 24 August 2011 during an automated review of images of the Messier 101 from the nights of 22 and 23 August 2011. It was located in Messier 101, the Pinwheel Galaxy, 21 million light years from Earth. It was observed by the PTF survey very near the beginning of its supernova event, when it was approximately 1 million times too dim to be visible to the naked eye. It is the youngest type Ia ever discovered. About 13 September 2011, it reached its maximum brightness of apparent magnitude +9.9 which equals an absolute magnitude of about -19, equal to 2.5 billion Suns. At +10 apparent magnitude around 5 September, SN 2011fe was visible in small telescopes. As of 30 September the supernova was at +11 apparent magnitude in the early evening sky after sunset above the northwest horizon. It had dropped to +13.7 as of 26 November 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MACS0647-JD</span> One of the farthest known galaxies from the Earth in the constellation Camelopardalis

MACS0647-JD is a galaxy with a redshift of about z = 10.7, equivalent to a light travel distance of 13.26 billion light-years. If the distance estimate is correct, it formed about 427 million years after the Big Bang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN 2014J</span> Supernova in Messier 82

SN 2014J was a type-Ia supernova in Messier 82 discovered in mid-January 2014. It was the closest type-Ia supernova discovered for 42 years, and no subsequent supernova has been closer as of 2023. The supernova was discovered by chance during an undergraduate teaching session at the University of London Observatory. It peaked on 31 January 2014, reaching an apparent magnitude of 10.5. SN 2014J was the subject of an intense observing campaign by professional astronomers and was bright enough to be seen by amateur astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN Refsdal</span> Supernova that has been lensed

SN Refsdal is the first detected multiply-lensed supernova, visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223. It was named after Norwegian astrophysicist Sjur Refsdal, who, in 1964, first proposed using time-delayed images from a lensed supernova to study the expansion of the universe. The observations were made using the Hubble Space Telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1</span> Blue supergiant and second most distant star from earth detected in the constellation Leo

MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1, also known as Icarus, is a blue supergiant star observed through a gravitational lens. It is the seventh most distant individual star to have been detected so far, at approximately 14 billion light-years from Earth. Light from the star was emitted 4.4 billion years after the Big Bang. According to co-discoverer Patrick Kelly, the star is at least a hundred times more distant than the next-farthest non-supernova star observed, SDSS J1229+1122, and is the first magnified individual star seen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5468</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5468 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of about 140 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5468 is about 110,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 5, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 918</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 918 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries, about 67 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by John Herschel on Jan 11, 1831.

<i>Webbs First Deep Field</i> First operational image from NASAs James Webb Space Telescope

Webb's First Deep Field is the first operational image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The deep-field photograph, which covers a tiny area of sky visible from the Southern Hemisphere, is centered on SMACS 0723, a galaxy cluster in the constellation of Volans. Thousands of galaxies are visible in the image, some as old as 13 billion years. It is the highest-resolution image of the early universe ever taken. Captured by the telescope's Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), the image was revealed to the public by NASA on 11 July 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godzilla (star)</span> Star in the Sunburst galaxy

Godzilla is a variable star in the Sunburst galaxy at redshift z = 2.37, observed through the gravitational lens PSZ1 G311.65-18.48. It was originally identified in the NW arc as a possible transient event in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JADES-GS-z13-0</span> High-redshift Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known

JADES-GS-z13-0 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) on 29 September 2022. Spectroscopic observations by JWST's NIRSpec instrument in October 2022 confirmed the galaxy's redshift of z = 13.2 to a high accuracy, establishing it as the oldest and most distant spectroscopically-confirmed galaxy at the time, with a light-travel distance of 13.4 billion years. Due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is approximately 33 billion light-years. In 2024, two older and more distant galaxies, JADES-GS-z14-0 and JADES-GS-z14-1, were found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN 2021aefx</span>

SN 2021aefx is a Type Ia supernova discovered in 2021 in the galaxy NGC 1566.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Polletta, M.; Nonino, M.; Frye, B.; et al. (July 2023). "Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 675: L4. arXiv: 2306.12385 . Bibcode:2023A&A...675L...4P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346964. S2CID   259212330.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NAME SN H0pe -- SuperNova". SIMBAD. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Brenda L. Frye; Massimo Pascale; Justin Pierel; et al. (13 September 2023). "The JWST Discovery of the Triply Imaged Type Ia "Supernova H0pe" and Observations of the Galaxy Cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0". The Astrophysics Journal. 961 (2). American Astronomical Society (published 24 January 2024): 171. arXiv: 2309.07326 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...961..171F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1034 .
  4. ↑ Tomasz Nowakowski (21 September 2023). "New Type I supernova discovered with JWST". Phys.org.
  5. ↑ Robert Lea (3 October 2024). "James Webb Space Telescope finds supernova 'Hope' that could finally resolve major astronomy debate". MSN. AA1rFBLB.
  6. ↑ Harry Baker (26 September 2024). "Ancient supernova in James Webb telescope image could help solve one of the universe's biggest mysteries". Live Science.
  7. ↑ Michelle Starr (4 October 2024). "Gravity Magnified a Supernova, Adding a Twist to The Hubble Tension". Science Alert.
  8. ↑ Michelle Starr (29 September 2023). "10 Billion Years Ago, a Star Exploded. It Could Save Cosmology". Science Alert.
  9. ↑ Massimo Pascale; Brenda L. Frye; Justin D.R. Pierel; et al. (March 2024). "SN H0pe: The First Measurement of H0 from a Multiply-Imaged Type Ia Supernova, Discovered by JWST". ApJ. arXiv: 2403.18902 . Bibcode:2024arXiv240318902P.
  10. ↑ "Galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 and SN H0pe Inset (NIRCam)". Webb Telescope. 1 October 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.