NGC 3665

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NGC 3665
NGC3665 - SDSS DR14.jpg
NGC 3665 by SDSS
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 11h 24m 43.7s [1]
Declination +38° 45′ 46″ [1]
Redshift 0.006901 ± 0.000017 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 2,069 ± 5 km/s [1]
Distance 85.6 ± 22 Mly (26.3 ± 6.8 Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.7 [2]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)0^0^ [1]
Apparent size  (V)4.3′ × 3.3′ [2]
Other designations
UGC 6426, CGCG 214-004, MCG +07-24-003, PGC 35064 [1]

NGC 3665 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3665 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 23, 1789. [3]

Contents

Characteristics

The central region of NGC 3665 by the Hubble Space Telescope, featuring a dust disk. NGC 3665 N9ZL38010.jpg
The central region of NGC 3665 by the Hubble Space Telescope, featuring a dust disk.

NGC 3665 is a lenticular galaxy whose disk is characterised by the presence of a circular dust lane. The galaxy has high molecular gas content, as determined by the detection of CO lines. The molecular gas mass in the galaxy is estimated to be 108.91 M☉. [5] The galaxy has a UV excess that indicates the presence of a young stellar population. [6] The total star formation rate in NGC 3665 is estimated to be 1.7 M☉ per year. This rate is less than the one expected based on the molecular gas reservoirs of the galaxy. [7] It has been suggested that the compact yet massive bulge of the galaxy has stabilised the cold gas, and thus suppressed star formation. [7]

The nucleus of the galaxy is active and hosts a low luminosity transition active galactic nucleus (AGN). [8] The most accepted theory for the energy source of AGNs is the presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in the centre of NGC 3665 is measured using the rotation of the molecular gas around the nucleus as 5.75+1.49
−1.18×108 M☉, [9] or 3.8×108 M☉ based on the M–sigma relation. [8]

NGC 3665 has been found to emit radio waves. Its emission appears elongated at a position angle perpendicular to the dust lane, with the most luminous region being in the nucleus. The emission extends for more than 5 arcminutes in 610 MHz. [10] In 1.4 GHz, the galaxy has one jet with FRI morphology, that extends for more than 3 kpc. [11] In 5 GHz, emission appears in the nucleus and two jet-like structures. The southeast source has not been resolved, while the northwest extends for 0.7 arcseconds, which corresponds to 120 pc at the distance of NGC 3665. The radio emission is likely associated with a low luminosity AGN. [8]

Supernova

One supernova has been detected in NGC 3665, SN 2002hl. [12] It was discovered by T. Boles in unfiltered CCD images taken on November 5, 2002 with a 0.35-m reflector, as part of the U.K. Nova/Supernova Patrol. The supernova had then a magnitude of 16.3. [13] The spectrum of the supernova obtained on November 5 indicated it was a type Ia supernova about one or two months after maximum light. [14]

Nearby galaxies

NGC 3665 is the brightest member of a galaxy group known as the NGC 3665 group. Other members of the group include NGC 3648, NGC 3652, NGC 3658, and UGC 6433. [15] [16] NGC 3658 lies 15 arcminutes from NGC 3665.

Related Research Articles

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NGC 4697 is an elliptical galaxy some 40 to 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the NGC 4697 Group, a group of galaxies also containing NGC 4731 and several generally much smaller galaxies This group is about 55 million light-years away; it is one of the many Virgo II Groups, which form a southern extension of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4733</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4733 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4733 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4733 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1266</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 541</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 541 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It is located at a distance of circa 230 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 541 is about 130,000 light years across. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on October 30, 1864. It is a member of the Abell 194 galaxy cluster and is included in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies in the category galaxies with nearby fragments. NGC 541 is a radio galaxy of Fanaroff–Riley class I, also known as 3C 40A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5982</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5982 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5982 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 25, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1380</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1380 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 2, 1826. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3489</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3489 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of circa 30 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3489 is about 30,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 8, 1784. NGC 3489 is a member of the Leo Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4665</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4665, also catalogued as NGC 4624 and NGC 4664, is a barred lenticular or spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4665 is about 75,000 light years across. NGC 4665 lies 2 and 3/4 degrees east-south east of Delta Virginis and 50 arcminutes southwest of 35 Virginis. It can be viewed through a moderately sized telescope with 23x magnification, forming a pair with an 11th magnitude star 1.5 arcminutes southwest. It is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 1459</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Grus

IC 1459 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that IC 1459 is about 130,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard in 1892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4278</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4278 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is located at a distance of circa 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4278 is about 65,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 13, 1785. NGC 4278 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue and can be found about one and 3/4 of a degree northwest of Gamma Comae Berenices even with a small telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 680</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 680 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 680 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 15, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2964</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 2964 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2964 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 7, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2974</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sextans

NGC 2974 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Sextans. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2974 is about 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 6, 1785. NGC 2974 is located in the sky about 2 and a half degrees south-south east of Iota Hydrae and more than 6 degrees northeast of Alphard. A 10th magnitude star lies next to the galaxy, thus making it a challenging object at low magnifications. NGC 2974 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 620</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Andromeda

NGC 620 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 123 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5557</span> Galaxy in the constellation Boötes

NGC 5557 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Boötes. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 1, 1785. The distance to NGC 5557 is not well known, but it is estimated to be about 127 million light-years away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3998</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major

NGC 3998 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered on April 14, 1789, by the astronomer William Herschel. At a distance of 45 million light-years, it is located relatively nearby, making it a well-studied object.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3608</span> Galaxy

NGC 3608 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 14, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3665. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  2. 1 2 "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3665". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3665 (= PGC 35064)". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. ↑ Alatalo, Katherine; Davis, Timothy A.; Bureau, Martin; Young, Lisa M.; Blitz, Leo; Crocker, Alison F.; Bayet, Estelle; Bois, Maxime; Bournaud, Frédéric; Cappellari, Michele; Davies, Roger L.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; Lablanche, Pierre-Yves; Morganti, Raffaella; McDermid, Richard M.; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Sarzi, Marc; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (1 July 2013). "The ATLAS3D project – XVIII. CARMA CO imaging survey of early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (3): 1796–1844. arXiv: 1210.5524 . Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432.1796A. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts299. S2CID   118354954.
  5. ↑ Young, Lisa M.; Bureau, Martin; Davis, Timothy A.; Combes, Francoise; McDermid, Richard M.; Alatalo, Katherine; Blitz, Leo; Bois, Maxime; Bournaud, Frédéric; Cappellari, Michele; Davies, Roger L.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; Lablanche, Pierre-Yves; Morganti, Raffaella; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Sarzi, Marc; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (21 June 2011). "The ATLAS3D project – IV. The molecular gas content of early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 940–967. arXiv: 1102.4633 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..940Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18561.x. S2CID   119267988.
  6. ↑ de Ruiter, H. R.; Parma, P.; Fanti, R.; Fanti, C. (28 August 2015). "Far-UV to mid-IR properties of nearby radio galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A33. arXiv: 1508.03287 . Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..33D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424079. S2CID   118391173.
  7. 1 2 Xiao, Meng-Yuan; Zhao, Yinghe; Gu, Qiu-Sheng; Shi, Yong (16 February 2018). "The Physical Characteristics of Interstellar Medium in NGC 3665 with Herschel Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 111. arXiv: 1801.05110 . Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..111X. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa895 . S2CID   55722653.
  8. 1 2 3 Nyland, Kristina; Young, Lisa M.; Wrobel, Joan M.; Sarzi, Marc; Morganti, Raffaella; Alatalo, Katherine; Blitz, Leo; Bournaud, Frédéric; Bureau, Martin; Cappellari, Michele; Crocker, Alison F.; Davies, Roger L.; Davis, Timothy A.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; McDermid, Richard M.; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (11 May 2016). "The ATLAS3D Project – XXXI. Nuclear radio emission in nearby early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 458 (2): 2221–2268. arXiv: 1602.05579 . Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458.2221N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw391. S2CID   10520260.
  9. ↑ Onishi, Kyoko; Iguchi, Satoru; Davis, Timothy A.; Bureau, Martin; Cappellari, Michele; Sarzi, Marc; Blitz, Leo (July 2017). "WISDOM project – I. Black hole mass measurement using molecular gas kinematics in NGC 3665". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (4): 4663–4674. arXiv: 1703.05247 . Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468.4663O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx631. S2CID   51767738.
  10. ↑ Kotanyi, C. G. (1 April 1979). "Radio observations of NGC 3665 – an elliptical galaxy with a dust lane". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 74: 156–160. Bibcode:1979A&A....74..156K. ISSN   0004-6361.
  11. ↑ Baldi, R. D.; Williams, D. R. A.; McHardy, I M; Beswick, R. J.; Argo, M K; Dullo, B. T.; Knapen, J. H.; Brinks, E.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Aalto, S.; Alberdi, A.; Bendo, G J; Corbel, S; Evans, R.; Fenech, D. M.; Green, D A; Klöckner, H-R; Körding, E.; Kharb, P.; Maccarone, T. J.; Martí-Vidal, I.; Mundell, C. G.; Panessa, F.; Peck, A. B.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Saikia, D. J.; Saikia, P; Shankar, F.; Spencer, R. E.; Stevens, I. R.; Uttley, P; Westcott, J (May 2018). "LeMMINGs – I. The eMERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. 1.5-GHz parsec-scale radio structures and cores". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (3): 3478–3522. arXiv: 1802.02162 . Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.3478B. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty342. S2CID   53998856.
  12. ↑ List of Supernovae IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  13. ↑ Boles, T. (4 November 2002). "Circular No. 8008". IAU Circular. 8008: 1. Bibcode:2002IAUC.8008....1B.
  14. ↑ Pignata, G.; Patat, F. (7 November 2002). "Circular No. 8011". IAU Circular. 8011: 2. Bibcode:2002IAUC.8011....2P.
  15. ↑ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z~ 0.01) Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv: 1011.6277 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x. S2CID   119194025. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  16. ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100 (1): 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN   0365-0138.


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