NGC 3646

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NGC 3646
NGC3646 - SDSS DR14.jpg
NGC 3646 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Observation data
Constellation Leo
Right ascension 11h 21m 43s
Declination +20° 10′ 10″
Redshift 0.01416 +/- 0.00001
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.13
Apparent magnitude  (B)11.78

NGC 3646 is a galaxy in the Leo constellation that has variously been described as "a strange spiral galaxy" of morphological classication Sc [1] or SAa, [2] or as "a ring-shaped galaxy". [3] [4] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 15 February 1784. [5]

NGC 3646 has a structure consisting of three parts: an inner hub, a rapidly rotating spiral, and an irregular outer ring surrounding the spiral with an angular feature at one point of the ring. [3] Although estimates vary for its distance, [3] [2] the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database lists its distance as 67.49 ± 4.74 megaparsecs (220.1 ± 15.5 Mly). [4]

Burbidge et al. estimated that their measurements of motion in the outer ring were not consistent with stable circular orbits. [1] Afanas'ev et al. argue that this conclusion was erroneous, based on incorrect measurements. Instead, they find a galaxy rotation curve that "places the galaxy among the most rapidly rotating and massive systems", [3] "one of the largest and most luminous spirals in the local universe". [2]

NGC 3649 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey NGC3649 - SDSS DR14.jpg
NGC 3649 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

NGC 3646 forms an isolated pair with a smaller companion galaxy, NGC 3649. [3] The high rate of star formation in NGC 3646, the low rate in its companion, and the unusual shape of the outer ring in NGC 3646 may have resulted from interactions between these two galaxies. [2]

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 3646: SN 1989N (type II, mag. 14.5), [6] [7] [8] [9] SN 1999cd (type II, mag. 17.9), [10] [11] [12] SN 2020abqw (type II, mag. 19.2), [13] and 2021abqs (type II, mag. 19.8). [14]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4559</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenicies

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3021</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1961</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardis

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5468</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 991</span> Intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 991 is an intermediate spiral galaxy the constellation Cetus. This galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4375</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4375 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 9325 ± 20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 137.54 ± 9.63 Mpc. However, four non-redshift measurements give a distance of 105.5 Mpc. The galaxy was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 11 April 1785.

References

  1. 1 2 Burbidge, E. Margaret; Burbidge, G. R.; Prendergast, K. H. (1961), "Motions in NGC 3646, a strange spiral galaxy", Astrophysical Journal, 134: 237–243, Bibcode:1961ApJ...134..237B, doi:10.1086/147145
  2. 1 2 3 4 Smith, Beverly J.; Zaragoza-Cardiel, Javier; Struck, Curtis; Olmsted, Susan; Jones, Keith (February 2016), "A comparative study of knots of star formation in interacting versus spiral galaxies", The Astronomical Journal, 151 (3): 63, arXiv: 1601.02664 , Bibcode:2016AJ....151...63S, doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/151/3/63
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Afanas'ev, A. V.; Burenkov, A. N.; Zasov, A. V.; Sil'chenko, O. K. (December 1991), "The rotation of inner parts of spiral galaxies, NGC 497, 895, 972 and 3646.", Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 68: 1134–1149, Bibcode:1991AZh....68.1134A
  4. 1 2 "Results for object NGC 3646", NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database , retrieved 2023-07-29
  5. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3646". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  6. ↑ Mikolajczak, C.; Helin, E.; Roman, B.; Mejia, A. (August 1989), "Supernova 1989N in NGC 3646", IAU Circular, 4823: 2, Bibcode:1989IAUC.4823....2M
  7. ↑ Lopez, R.; Riera, A.; Cepa, J. (December 1989), "Supernova 1989N in NGC 3646", IAU Circular, 4932: 2, Bibcode:1989IAUC.4932....2L
  8. ↑ Johnson, Greg (18 August 1989), "Sophomore finds a bright spot in astronomy study", Los Angeles Times, retrieved 2023-07-27
  9. ↑ "SN 1989N". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  10. ↑ Garnavich, P.; Jha, S.; Kirshner, R.; Challis, P.; Berlind, P. (May 1999), "Supernova 1999cd in NGC 3646", IAU Circular, 7172: 1, Bibcode:1999IAUC.7172....1G
  11. ↑ Patat, F.; Rizzi, L.; Guzzo, L.; Guerrero, G. (May 1999), "Supernova 1999cd in NGC 3646", IAU Circular, 7172: 2, Bibcode:1999IAUC.7172....1G
  12. ↑ "SN 1999cd". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  13. ↑ "SN 2020abqw". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  14. ↑ "SN 2021abqs". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 2024-08-18.
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