NGC 3938

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NGC 3938
NGC3938 UArizona.jpg
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major [1]
Right ascension 11h 52m 42.9s [1]
Declination +44° 07′ 17″ [1]
Distance 43 Mly
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.9 [1]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)c [2]
Apparent size  (V)5.4′ × 4.9′ [1]
Other designations
UGC 6856, MCG +07-25-001, PGC 37229 [2]

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter. [3] It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth. [1] NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge. [4] The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center. [5]

Contents

Supernovae

Five supernovae have been identified within NGC 3938. SN 1961U (mag. 13.7) was discovered on 2 January 1962. [6] SN 1964L (mag. 13.3) was discovered on 11 December 1964. [7] SN 2005ay is a type II supernova that was discovered on 27 March 2005 and had a magnitude of 15.6. [8] SN 2017ein is a type Ic supernova that was discovered on 25 May 2017 and peaked at magnitude 14.9. [9] Images taken before the explosion point to a progenitor mass between ~47-48M☉, if it was in a single star system, and ~60-80M☉, if it was in a binary star system. [10] SN 2022xlp is a type Ia supernova that was discovered on 13 October 2022 by Koichi Itagaki.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3184</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6946</span> Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7424</span> Galaxy in the constellation Grus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4666</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3198</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3198, also known as Herschel 146 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, sometime before 1850. NGC 3198 is located in the Leo Spur, which is part of the Virgo Supercluster, and is approximately 47 million light years away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4424</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4424 is a spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered February 27, 1865 by German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest. This galaxy is located at a distance of 13.5 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 442 km/s. It has a morphological class of SB(s)a, which normally indicates a spiral galaxy with a barred structure (SB), no inner ring feature (s), and tightly-wound spiral arms (a). The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 62° to the line of sight from the Earth. It is a likely member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6753</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pavo

NGC 6753 is a massive unbarred spiral galaxy, seen almost exactly face-on, in the southern constellation of Pavo. It was discovered by the English astronomer John Herschel on July 5, 1836. The galaxy is located at a distance of 142 million light years from the Milky Way, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 3,140 km/s. It does not display any indications of a recent interaction with another galaxy or cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5468</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5468 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of about 140 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5468 is about 110,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 5, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 694</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 694 is a spiral galaxy approximately 136 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aries. It was discovered by German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest on December 2, 1861 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1325</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1325 is a flocculent spiral galaxy situated in the constellation of Eridanus. Located about 75 million light years away, it is a member of the Eridanus cluster of galaxies, a cluster of about 200 galaxies. It was discovered by William Herschel on 19 December 1799.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 George Normandin (5 May 2005). "Spiral Galaxy NGC 3839". kopernik.org. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Results for object NGC 3938 (NGC 3938)". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  3. ↑ "The Ursa Major Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  4. ↑ van der Kruit, P.C.; Shostak, G.S. (1982). "Studies of Nearly Face-on Spiral Galaxies" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 105: 351–358. Bibcode:1982A&A...105..351V . Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  5. ↑ Jiménez-Vicente, J.; E. Battaner; M. Rozas; H. Castañeda; et al. (1999). "Fabry-Perot observations of the ionized gas in NGC 3938" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 342: 417–425. arXiv: astro-ph/9811391 . Bibcode:1999A&A...342..417J.
  6. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for SN 1961U. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for SN 1964L. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "Supernova 2005ay in NGC 3938". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  9. ↑ "Supernovae 2017ein in NGC 3938". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  10. ↑ Van Dyk, Schuyler; et al. (15 July 2018). "SN 2017ein and the Possible First Identification of a Type Ic Supernova Progenitor". The Astrophysical Journal. 860 (2): 90. arXiv: 1803.01050 . Bibcode:2018ApJ...860...90V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac32c. hdl: 10150/628570 . S2CID   56265423.
  11. ↑ "Artist's impression of progenitor star to a type Ic supernova". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 20 November 2018.


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