NGC 3938

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NGC 3938
NGC3938 UArizona.jpg
NGC 3938 imaged by Mount Lemmon SkyCenter of the University of Arizona
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major [1]
Right ascension 11h 52m 49.4319s [2] [1]
Declination +44° 07′ 14.840″ [2]
Redshift 0.002695 [2]
Heliocentric radial velocity 808±2 km/s [2]
Distance 41.40 ± 9.00  Mly (12.694 ± 2.760  Mpc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.9 [1]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)c [2]
Size~76,400  ly (23.42  kpc) (estimated) [2]
Apparent size  (V)5.4′ × 4.9′ [1]
Other designations
IRAS 11502+4423, UGC 6856, MCG +07-25-001, PGC 37229, CGCG 214-034 [2]

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 6 February 1788. [3] It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 76,000 light years in diameter. [2] [4] It is approximately 41.4 million light years away from Earth. [1] NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge. [5] The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center. [6]

Contents

NGC 3938 is a member of the NGC 4111 Group, [7] which is part of the Ursa Major Cloud and is the second largest group in the cloud after the NGC 3992 Group. [8] [9] [10]

Supernovae and Luminous Red Nova

NGC 3938 with SN 2005ay NGC 3938 SN 2005ay.jpg
NGC 3938 with SN 2005ay

Five supernovae have been identified within NGC 3938:

One luminous red nova has been observed in NGC 3938:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 George Normandin (5 May 2005). "Spiral Galaxy NGC 3839". kopernik.org. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Results for object NGC 3938". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech . Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 3938". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  4. ↑ "The Ursa Major Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  5. ↑ van der Kruit, P.C.; Shostak, G.S. (1982). "Studies of Nearly Face-on Spiral Galaxies" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 105: 351–358. Bibcode:1982A&A...105..351V . Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  6. ↑ Jiménez-Vicente, J.; E. Battaner; M. Rozas; H. Castañeda; et al. (1999). "Fabry-Perot observations of the ionized gas in NGC 3938" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 342: 417–425. arXiv: astro-ph/9811391 . Bibcode:1999A&A...342..417J.
  7. ↑ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z∼ 0.01) Universe: Galaxy groups in the local Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv: 1011.6277 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x .
  8. ↑ Karachentsev, I. D.; Nasonova, O. G.; Courtois, H. M. (1 March 2013). "Anatomy of Ursa Majoris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 429 (3): 2264–2273. arXiv: 1211.5975 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/sts494 . ISSN   1365-2966.
  9. ↑ Pak, Mina; Rey, Soo-Chang; Lisker, Thorsten; Lee, Youngdae; Kim, Suk; Sung, Eon-Chang; Jerjen, Helmut; Chung, Jiwon (29 September 2014). "The properties of early-type galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (1): 630–647. arXiv: 1409.3070 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1722 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  10. ↑ Ai, Mei; Zhu, Ming; Yu, Nai-ping; Xu, Jin-long; Liu, Xiao-lan; Jing, Yingjie; Jiao, Qian; Liu, Yao; Zhang, Chuan-peng; Wang, Jie; Jiang, Peng (1 April 2025). "Formation of the Dark Matter–Deficient S0 Galaxy NGC 4111 under the Tidal Interactions". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 982 (2): L52. arXiv: 2503.05171 . Bibcode:2025ApJ...982L..52A. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/adbeee . ISSN   2041-8205.
  11. ↑ "SN 1961U". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  12. ↑ Thernoe, K. A. (4 January 1962). "Circular No. 1787 (sides 2 and 3)". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  13. ↑ "SN 1964L". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  14. ↑ Thernoe, K. A. (29 December 1964). "Circular No. 1882 (side 1)". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  15. ↑ Rich, D. (2005). "Supernova 2005ay in NGC 3938". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (128): 1. Bibcode:2005CBET..128....1R.
  16. ↑ "Supernova 2005ay in NGC 3938". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  17. ↑ "SN 2005ay". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  18. ↑ "SN 2017ein". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  19. ↑ "Supernovae 2017ein in NGC 3938". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  20. ↑ Van Dyk, Schuyler; et al. (15 July 2018). "SN 2017ein and the Possible First Identification of a Type Ic Supernova Progenitor". The Astrophysical Journal. 860 (2): 90. arXiv: 1803.01050 . Bibcode:2018ApJ...860...90V. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac32c . hdl: 10150/628570 . S2CID   56265423.
  21. ↑ "SN 2022xlp". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  22. ↑ "AT 2022ckk". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  23. ↑ "Artist's impression of progenitor star to a type Ic supernova". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
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