NGC 3198

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NGC 3198
NGC 3198 GALEX WikiSky.jpg
NGC 3198 imaged by GALEX (ultraviolet)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 10h 19m 54.99s [1]
Declination +45° 32′ 58.88″ [1]
Redshift 0.00227 [1]
Distance 47 Mly [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.3 [3]
Characteristics
Type SB(rs)c [3]
Apparent size  (V)8′.5 × 3′.3 [3]
Other designations
UGC 5572, MCG +08-19-020, PGC 30197 [1]

NGC 3198, also known as Herschel 146 [4] is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse (Lord Rosse), sometime before 1850. [2] NGC 3198 is located in the Leo Spur, [2] which is part of the Virgo Supercluster, [5] and is approximately 47 million light years away. [2]

Contents

NGC 3198 was one of 18 galaxies targeted by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, which aimed to calibrate various secondary distance indicators and determine the Hubble constant to an accuracy of 10%. The type and orientation of NGC 3198 made it suitable for these measurements. [6] The Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) of the HST was used to measure the magnitudes of 52 Cepheid variables, and the resulting distance modulus corresponded to a distance of 14.5 Mpc (47 million light years). [6]

Observations made with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope detected for the first time the presence of extraplanar gas. [7] The extraplanar gas makes up approximately 15% of the total atomic hydrogen (HI) mass of the galaxy. [7]

Two supernovae have been discovered in NGC 3198: SN 1966J, a Type Ib supernova, [2] and 1999bw, which was significantly fainter than expected when first discovered, and has been classified a Type IIn supernova. [8]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinwheel Galaxy</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

The Pinwheel Galaxy is a face-on spiral galaxy 21 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaurus A</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

Centaurus A is a galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop from his home in Parramatta, in New South Wales, Australia. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type and distance. NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is also the fifth-brightest in the sky, making it an ideal amateur astronomy target. It is only visible from the southern hemisphere and low northern latitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whirlpool Galaxy</span> Interacting grand-design spiral galaxy

The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as Messier 51a (M51a) or NGC 5194, is an interacting grand-design spiral galaxy with a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus. It lies in the constellation Canes Venatici, and was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. It is about 31 million light-years (9.5 Mpc) away from Earth and 76,900 ly (23,580 pc) in diameter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2403</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 2403 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is an outlying member of the M81 Group, and is approximately 8 million light-years distant. It bears a similarity to M33, being about 50,000 light years in diameter and containing numerous star-forming H II regions. The northern spiral arm connects it to the star forming region NGC 2404. NGC 2403 can be observed using 10×50 binoculars. NGC 2404 is 940 light-years in diameter, making it one of the largest known H II regions. This H II region represents striking similarity with NGC 604 in M33, both in size and location in galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3982</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3982, also known as UGC 6918, is an intermediate spiral galaxy approximately 68 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 14, 1789, and misclassified as a planetary nebula. NGC 3982 is a part of the M109 Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4725</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4725 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with a prominent ring structure, located in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices near the north galactic pole. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on April 6, 1785. The galaxy lies at a distance of approximately 40 megalight-years from the Milky Way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4414</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4414 is an unbarred spiral galaxy about 62 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is a flocculent spiral galaxy, with short segments of spiral structure but without the dramatic well-defined spiral arms of a grand design spiral. Four supernovae have been observed in this galaxy: SN 1974G, SN 2013df, SN 2021J, and SN 2023hlf.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3370</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3370 (also known as UGC 5887 or Silverado Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy about 98 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It is comparable to our Milky Way both in diameter (100,000 light years) and mass (1011 solar masses). NGC 3370 exhibits an intricate spiral arm structure surrounding a poorly defined nucleus. It is a member of the NGC 3370 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2442 and NGC 2443</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Volans

NGC 2442 and NGC 2443 are two parts of a single intermediate spiral galaxy, commonly known as the Meathook Galaxy or the Cobra and Mouse. It is about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Volans. It was discovered by Sir John Herschel on December 23, 1834 during his survey of southern skies with a 18.25 inch diameter reflecting telescope from an observatory he set up in Cape Town, South Africa. Associated with this galaxy is HIPASS J0731-69, a cloud of gas devoid of any stars. It is likely that the cloud was torn loose from NGC 2442 by a companion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5253</span> Irregular galaxy in the M83 group of galaxies

NGC 5253 is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Centaurus. It was discovered by William Herschel on 15 March 1787.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4261</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784 by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4889</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4889 is an E4 supergiant elliptical galaxy. It was discovered in 1785 by the British astronomer Frederick William Herschel I, who catalogued it as a bright, nebulous patch. The brightest galaxy within the northern Coma Cluster, it is located at a median distance of 94 million parsecs from Earth. At the core of the galaxy is a supermassive black hole that heats the intracluster medium through the action of friction from infalling gases and dust. The gamma ray bursts from the galaxy extend out to several million light years of the cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3938</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter. It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth. NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge. The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4571</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4571 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Coma Berenices that William Herschel thought was Messier 91 in Charles Messier' catalog of deep-sky objects, before nearly two centuries later that object was determined to be the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 4548.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4866</span> Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4866 is an unbarred lenticular galaxy located roughly 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was first observed by British astronomer Sir William Herschel on January 14, 1787. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Extraplanar gas is cold atomic hydrogen which has been discovered slowly rotating around some spiral galaxies and located well outside their thin disk regions. It was discovered by using radio telescopes to observe the distribution of atomic hydrogen around galaxy disks. Galaxies which have shown evidence of extraplanar gas include NGC 891, NGC 2403, UGC 7321, NGC 4559 and NGC 3198.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3675</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3675 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3675 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2336</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 2336 is a Barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is located at a distance of circa 100 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2336 is about 200,000 light years across. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "NGC 3198". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 O'Meara, Stephen James (2011). Deep-Sky Companions: The Secret Deep, Volume 4. Photographs by Mario Motta. Cambridge University Press. pp. 186–188. ISBN   978-1-139-50007-4.
  3. 1 2 3 Bratton, Mark (2011). The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects. Cambridge University Press. p. 440. ISBN   978-0-521-76892-4.
  4. ↑ Clark, Maurice. "Herschel 146 / NGC 3198". Herschel 400 List Objects. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
  5. ↑ Monks, Neale (2010). Go-To Telescopes Under Suburban Skies. Springer. p. 53. ISBN   978-1-4419-6851-7.
  6. 1 2 Kelson, Daniel (1999). "The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XIX. The Discovery of Cepheids in and a New Distance to NGC 3198". The Astrophysical Journal . 514 (2): 614–636. Bibcode:1999ApJ...514..614K. doi: 10.1086/306989 .
  7. 1 2 Gentile, G. (2013). "HALOGAS: Extraplanar gas in NGC 3198". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 554: A125. arXiv: 1304.4232 . Bibcode:2013A&A...554A.125G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321116. S2CID   56047203.
  8. ↑ Bishop, David. "Supernova 1999bw in NGC 3198". Astronomy Section Rochester Academy of Science. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

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