NGC 3504

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NGC 3504
N3504s.jpg
NGC 3504 (Hubble Space Telescope)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Leo Minor
Right ascension 11h 03m 11.2s [1]
Declination +27° 58′ 21″ [1]
Redshift 1534 ± 2 km/s [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.67 [1]
Characteristics
Type (R)SAB(s)ab [1]
Apparent size  (V)2.7′ × 2.1′ [1]
Other designations
UGC 6118, MCG +05-26-039, PGC 33371 [2]

NGC 3504 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. It has a Hubble distance corresponding to 88 million light-years [3] and was discovered by William Herschel in 1785. [4]

Contents

The luminosity class of NGC 3504 is I-II, with a broad HI line containing regions of ionized hydrogen. Additionally, it is classfied as a starburst galaxy. [5]

There is a large amount of molecular gas centered on the galactic nucleus. Compared with other barred spiral galaxies, NGC 3504 is in an early phase of its evolution. [6]

Morphology

NGC 3504 is classified as a type (R1')SAB(rs)ab galaxy. [7] [8] It has a bright point-like nucleus embedded inside its galactic budge that is crossed by a thin bar. It has spiral arms found wrapping around its inner ring which then peels off to form an outer, broken pseudo-ring. The galaxy shows little evidence of star formation. [9]

Star-forming disk

According to Hubble Space Telescope, a star-forming disk has been found around the nucleus of NGC 3504, which the size of the disk's axis is estimated to be 200 pc (~650 light years). [10]

Mass

The mass of NGC 3504 has been difficult to narrow down, but it is believed to be between 2.5*109 M⊙ and 9*109 M⊙. [11]

Supermassive black hole

The supermassive black hole in NGC 3504 is estimated to be 107.8 M○ (or 63 million solar masses), according to near-infrared K-band brightness measurements for the galaxy's budge. [12]

Supernovae

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 3504:

NGC 3504 group

NGC 3504 is the brightest member of the NGC 3504 Group (also known as LGG 227), which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster. [18] There are eight other galaxies in the group including NGC 3380, NGC 3400, NGC 3414, NGC 3451, NGC 3512, UGC 5921 and UGC 5958. [19] This NGC 3504 group is also mentioned by Abraham Mahtessian in his research paper published in 1998. [20]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4261</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784, by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on 12 April 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4666</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7714</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pisces

NGC 7714 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2430 ± 26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 116.9 ± 8.3 Mly (35.85 ± 2.54 Mpc). In addition, five non-redshift measurements give a distance of 92.24 ± 8.69 Mly (28.280 ± 2.664 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 18 September 1830.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5584</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2082</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Dorado

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5668</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2748</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 2748 is a spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located at a distance of 61.3 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered September 2, 1828 by John Herschel. The morphological classification of SAbc indicates this is an unbarred spiral with moderate to loosely-wound spiral arms. It is a disk-like peculiar galaxy with a stellar shell that is rotating about the main galactic axis. This shell was most likely formed through the capture and disruption of a dwarf companion. The galactic nucleus likely contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of 4.4+3.5
−3.6×107 M☉, or 44 million times the mass of the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4490</span> Interacting galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1614</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1614 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered on December 29, 1885 by American astronomer Lewis Swift, who described it in a shorthand notation as: pretty faint, small, round, a little brighter middle. The nebula was then catalogued by Danish-Irish astronomer J. L. E. Drayer in 1888. When direct photography became available, it was noted that this galaxy displayed some conspicuous peculiarities. American astronomer Halton Arp included it in his 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. In 1971, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky described it as a "blue post-eruptive galaxy, compact patchy core, spiral plumes, long blue jet SSW".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3972</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3972 is a spiral galaxy located in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 14, 1789. This galaxy is located 66 million light years away and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 846 km/s. It is a member of the NGC 3992 Group of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3367</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3367 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3367 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 19, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 759</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3947</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3947 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 6528 ± 23 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 314.0 ± 22.0 Mly (96.28 ± 6.75 Mpc). In addition, three non redshift measurements give a distance of 284.67 ± 12.90 Mly (87.28 ± 3.956 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 26 April 1785.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3504. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
  2. ↑ "NGC 3504". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  3. ↑ "Results for NGC 3504". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  4. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  5. ↑ Balzano, V. A. (1983-05-01). "Star-burst galactic nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 268: 602–627. Bibcode:1983ApJ...268..602B. doi:10.1086/160983. ISSN   0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Franco, J & F, Ferrini (1993). Star Formation, Galaxies and the Interstellar Medium. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-44412-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ "Gérard de Vaucouleurs' Atlas of Galaxies". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  8. ↑ "Galaxy Morphology of NGC 3504". kudzu.astr.ua.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  9. ↑ de Jong, Roelof S. (1996), "Colour Gradients in the Optical and Near-IR", Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 43–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, ISBN   978-3-662-22429-8 , retrieved 2024-07-25
  10. ↑ Comerón, S.; Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Martínez-Valpuesta, I.; Buta, R. J. (March 2010). "AINUR: Atlas of Images of NUclear Rings". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 402 (4): 2462–2490. arXiv: 0908.0272 . Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.2462C. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16057.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  11. ↑ Burbidge; et al. (1960). "The Rotation and Approximate Mass of NGC 3504".
  12. ↑ Dong, X. Y.; De Robertis, M. M. (March 2006). "Low-Luminosity Active Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (3): 1236–1252. arXiv: astro-ph/0510694 . Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1236D. doi:10.1086/499334. ISSN   0004-6256.
  13. ↑ Garnavich, P. (1998). "Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (6914): 1. Bibcode:1998IAUC.6914....1G.
  14. ↑ "SN 1998cf". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  15. ↑ Beckmann, S.; Li, W. D. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7596): 1. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7596....1B.
  16. ↑ Matheson, T.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7597): 3. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7597....3M.
  17. ↑ "SN 2001ac". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  18. ↑ "The Leo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
  19. ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1993-07-01). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN   0365-0138.
  20. ↑ Mahtessian, A. P. (1998-07-01). "Groups of galaxies. III. Some empirical characteristics". Astrophysics. 41 (3): 308–321. Bibcode:1998Ap.....41..308M. doi:10.1007/BF03036100. ISSN   0571-7256.
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