NGC 3432

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NGC 3432
NGC3432 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg
SDSS DR14 image of NGC 3432
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Leo Minor
Right ascension 10h 52m 31.132s [1]
Declination +36° 37′ 07.60″ [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 613 [2]
Distance 40.1 ± 5.8  Mly (12.30 ± 1.77  Mpc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.3 [3]
Characteristics
Type SB(s)m [4]
Apparent size  (V)6.5″ × 1.1″ [3]
Other designations
NGC 3432, Arp 206, UGC 5986, PGC 32643 [5]

NGC 3432 is an edge-on spiral galaxy that can be found in the northern constellation of Leo Minor. [6] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 19, 1787. [7] This galaxy is located at a distance of 40 million light-years (12.3  Mpc ) from the Milky Way. [2] It is interacting with UGC 5983, a nearby dwarf galaxy, and features tidal filaments and intense star formation. Because of these features, it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. [8]

Hubble image of NGC 3432 showing regions of star formation Hubble Traces a Galaxy's Outer Reaches.jpg
Hubble image of NGC 3432 showing regions of star formation

The morphological classification of NGC 3432 is SB(s)m, [4] which indicates this is a barred Magellanic spiral galaxy (SB) with no inner ring structure (s) and an irregular appearance (m). The galaxy is inclined at an angle of 85°±2° to the plane of the sky [2] with its major axis along a positional angle of 38°, which means it is being viewed from nearly edge-on. It is interacting with the companion galaxy UGC 5983, which is creating features that extend outside the galactic plane, as well as an extended halo of radio emission. [4] The shape of the galaxy is distorted and two tidal tails have been identified. NGC 3432 has an active galactic nucleus of the LINER type with a nuclear HII region. [10]

In May 3, 2000, a candidate nova was detected in this galaxy. [11] It was located 123″ east and 180″ north of the galactic nucleus, and aligned with an H II region (or spiral arm) of the galaxy. [12] This appeared similar to a type IIn supernova (designated SN 2000ch), but it peaked below the typical luminosity of these events. As such, it may have been a "superoutburst" of a luminous variable and thus it could have survived the event. [13] The outburst was found comparable to an eruption of Eta Carinae in the mid–nineteenth century. [14] Multiple subsequent outbursts were observed in 2008 and 2009. [15] It is now classified as a supernova imposter, and is expected to become a core collapse supernova in the future. [16]

Related Research Articles

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NGC 300 (also known as Caldwell 70 or the Sculptor Pinwheel Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor. It is one of the closest galaxies to the Local Group, and probably lies between the latter and the Sculptor Group. It is the brightest of the five main spirals in the direction of the Sculptor Group. It is inclined at an angle of 42° when viewed from Earth and shares many characteristics of the Triangulum Galaxy. It is 94,000 light-years in diameter, somewhat smaller than the Milky Way, and has an estimated mass of (2.9 ± 0.2) × 1010M☉.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6946</span> Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus

NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar to the distance of M101 in the constellation Ursa Major. Both were once considered to be part of the Local Group, but are now known to be among the dozen bright spiral galaxies near the Milky Way but beyond the confines of the Local Group. NGC 6946 lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luminous blue variable</span> Type of star that is luminous, blue, and variable in brightness

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4725</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4725 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with a prominent ring structure, located in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices near the north galactic pole. It was discovered by German-born British astronomer William Herschel on April 6, 1785. The galaxy lies at a distance of approximately 40 megalight-years from the Milky Way. NGC 4725 is the brightest member of the Coma I Group of the Coma-Sculptor Cloud, although it is relatively isolated from the other members of this group. This galaxy is strongly disturbed and is interacting with neighboring spiral galaxy NGC 4747, with its spiral arms showing indications of warping. The pair have an angular separation of 24′, which corresponds to a projected linear separation of 370 kly. A tidal plume extends from NGC 4747 toward NGC 4725.

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NGC 520, also known as the Flying Ghost, is a pair of colliding spiral galaxies about 105 million light-years away in the constellation Pisces. They were discovered by astronomer William Herschel on 13 December 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7537</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pisces

NGC 7537 is a spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Pisces, about 1.5° to the NNW of Gamma Piscium. It was first documented by German-born astronomer William Herschel on Aug 30, 1785. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "very faint, considerably small, round, brighter middle, southwestern of 2". This galaxy lies at a distance of approximately 127 Mly (39 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is a member of the Pegasus I cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2770</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Lynx

NGC 2770 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Lynx, near the northern constellation border with Cancer. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on December 7, 1785. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "faint, large, much extended 150°, mottled but not resolved, 2 stars to north". NGC 2770 was the target for the first binocular image produced by the Large Binocular Telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 23</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 23 is a spiral galaxy located in the northern constellation of Pegasus, around 173.5 megalight-years distant from the Milky Way. It was discovered by William Herschel on 10 September 1784. In the Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook, the visual appearance of NGC 23 is described as follows:

Bright, extended ellipse; a bright nuclear structure is noticeably elongated; two weak spiral enhancements emerge from opposite sides of the nucleus, one curving towards a bright star attached on the south end. The galaxy is likely interacting with NGC 9.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 45</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 45 is a low surface brightness spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer John Herschel. The galaxy is located at a distance of 22 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 466 km/s. It is located in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is most likely a background galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2775</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cancer

NGC 2775, also known as Caldwell 48, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cancer. It is 67 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1783. NGC 2775 belongs to the Antlia-Hydra Cluster of galaxies and is the most prominent member of the NGC 2775 Group, a small galaxy group in the Virgo Super-cluster, along with the Local Group. Other members of the NGC 2775 Group include NGC 2777 and UGC 4781.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5584</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5584 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered July 27, 1881 by American astronomer E. E. Barnard. Distance determination using Cepheid variable measurements gives an estimate of 75 million light years, whereas the tip of the red-giant branch approach yields a distance of 73.4 million light years. It is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,637 km/s. It is a member of the Virgo III Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 634</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 634 is a spiral galaxy, lying at a distance of 217.1 megalight-years away from the Milky Way in the northern constellation of Triangulum. This object was discovered in the nineteenth century by French astronomer Édouard Stephan. It is inclined by an angle of 82.4° to the line of sight from the Earth, and thus is being viewed nearly edge on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2748</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 2748 is a spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located at a distance of 61.3 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered September 2, 1828 by John Herschel. The morphological classification of SAbc indicates this is an unbarred spiral with moderate to loosely-wound spiral arms. It is a disk-like peculiar galaxy with a stellar shell that is rotating about the main galactic axis. This shell was most likely formed through the capture and disruption of a dwarf companion. The galactic nucleus likely contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of 4.4+3.5
−3.6×107 M☉, or 44 million times the mass of the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3021</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

NGC 3021 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Leo Minor. It is about 93 million light-years away from Earth, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,537±4 km/s. This galaxy was discovered December 7, 1785 by Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel. The morphological classification of NGC 3021 is SA(rs)bc, which indicates a spiral galaxy with no central bar (SA), an incomplete inner ring structure (rs), and moderate to loosely wound spiral arms (bc).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4178</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4178 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a barred spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered April 11, 1825 by English astronomer John Herschel. Located some 43.8 million light years away, this galaxy spans 2.3 × 0.4 arc minutes and is seen at a low angle, being inclined by 77° to the line of sight from the Earth. The morphological classification of NGC 4178 is SB(rs)dm, indicating that it has a bar feature at the core, and, per the '(rs)', has traces of a ring-like structure surrounding the bar. The 'dm' suffix indicates the spiral arms are diffuse, broken, and irregular in appearance with no bulge at the nucleus. This galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster, which is the richest nearby group of galaxies outside the Local Group and forms the core of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6753</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pavo

NGC 6753 is a massive unbarred spiral galaxy, seen almost exactly face-on, in the southern constellation of Pavo. It was discovered by the English astronomer John Herschel on July 5, 1836. The galaxy is located at a distance of 142 million light years from the Milky Way, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 3,140 km/s. It does not display any indications of a recent interaction with another galaxy or cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3294</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

NGC 3294 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. It was discovered by William Herschel on Mar 17, 1787. It is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster. The galaxy is located at a distance of 98 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,586 km/s. The morphological class of NGC 3294 is SA(rs)bc, which means this is a spiral galaxy with no central bar (SA), an incomplete inner ring structure (rs), and moderately wound spiral arms (bc).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1325</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1325 is a flocculent spiral galaxy situated in the constellation of Eridanus. Located about 75 million light years away, it is a member of the Eridanus cluster of galaxies, a cluster of about 200 galaxies. It was discovered by William Herschel on 19 December 1799.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3786</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3786 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located 107.5 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on April 10, 1831. This object appears to form a close pair with its peculiar neighbor to the north, NGC 3788. They show some indications of interaction, such as minor distortion of the disk or tidal features.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7421</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Grus

NGC 7421 is a barred spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Grus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on August 30, 1834. In Danish astronomer J. L. E. Dreyer's New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars it was described as: considerably bright, large, very little extended, gradually pretty much brighter middle, and partially resolved. NGC 7421 is located at an estimated distance of 81.6 million light-years (25.01 Mpc) from the Sun. It is a member of the IC 1459 galaxy group.

References

  1. 1 2 Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (February 1, 2006), "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)", The Astronomical Journal, 131 (2): 1163–1183, Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S, doi: 10.1086/498708 , ISSN   0004-6256, S2CID   18913331.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kourkchi, Ehsan; et al. (October 23, 2020), "Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully–Fisher Distances", The Astrophysical Journal, 902 (2): 145, arXiv: 2009.00733 , Bibcode:2020ApJ...902..145K, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb66b , ISSN   1538-4357.
  3. 1 2 Gilmour, Jess K. (2003), The Practical Astronomer’s Deep-sky Companion, Springer London, p. 73, ISBN   1-85233-474-6.
  4. 1 2 3 English, Jayanne; Irwin, Judith A. (June 1997), "The Ionized Gas and Radio Halo of NGC 3432 (ARP 206)", Astronomical Journal, 113: 2006–2024, Bibcode:1997AJ....113.2006E, doi:10.1086/118413.
  5. ↑ "NGC 3432". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  6. ↑ "Feeling Edgy". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  7. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Celestial Atlas NGC Objects 2850-2899". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  8. ↑ Arp, Halton (1966). Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology . Retrieved 5 Jan 2010.
  9. ↑ Hubble Traces a Galaxy’s Outer Reaches, NASA Hubble Mission Team, Goddard Spaceflight Center, August 2, 2019, retrieved 2024-03-16.
  10. ↑ Irwin, Judith A.; et al. (April 2000), "High-Resolution Radio Continuum Observations of Edge-on Spiral Galaxies", The Astronomical Journal, 119 (4): 1592–1607, Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1592I, doi:10.1086/301287.
  11. ↑ Wagner, R. M.; et al. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Variable Star in NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7417: 2, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7417....2W.
  12. ↑ Papenkova, M.; Li, W. D. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Variable Star in Field of NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7415: 1, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7415....1P.
  13. ↑ Filippenko, A. V. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Supernova 2000ch in NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7421: 3, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7421....3F.
  14. ↑ Wagner, R. M.; et al. (April 2004), "Discovery and Evolution of an Unusual Luminous Variable Star in NGC 3432 (Supernova 2000ch)", The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 116 (818): 326–336, arXiv: astro-ph/0404035 , Bibcode:2004PASP..116..326W, doi:10.1086/382997.
  15. ↑ Pastorello, A.; et al. (October 2010), "Multiple major outbursts from a restless luminous blue variable in NGC 3432", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408 (1): 181–198, arXiv: 1006.0504 , Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..181P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17142.x.
  16. ↑ Müller, Ancla; et al. (February 2023), "Multi-epoch variability of AT 2000ch (SN 2000ch) in NGC 3432. A radio continuum and optical study", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 670, id. A130, arXiv: 2211.15706 , Bibcode:2023A&A...670A.130M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142139.
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