NGC 2964

Last updated
NGC 2964
NGC2964-hst-R814GB40.jpg
NGC 2964 by Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Leo
Right ascension 09h 42m 54.2s [1]
Declination 31° 50′ 51″ [1]
Redshift 0.004430 ± 0.000040 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 1,328 ± 12 km/s [1]
Distance 60.8 ± 11 Mly (18.7 ± 3.3 Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.2 [2]
Characteristics
Type SAB(r)bc [1]
Apparent size  (V)2.9′ × 1.6′ [1]
Other designations
UGC 5183, CGCG 152-056, MCG +05-23-027, Mrk 404, B2 0939+32B, PGC 27777 [1]

NGC 2964 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2964 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 7, 1785. [3]

There is evidence that the galaxy has a weak bar running across the minor axis of the galaxy. The galaxy has four spiral arms, two emerging from ansae at each end of the bar and the others emerging near the centre of the bar, with the arms emerging from the ends of the bar being of higher surface brightness. All but the west arm have knotty appearance. [4] The outer parts of the galaxy present twisted stellar kinematics, but otherwise the rotation is quite regular. [5]

Spiral dust lanes have been observed running towards the centre, where star formation possibly takes place. [6] A circumnuclear ring observed in [OIII]/H-beta could be the site of active star formation. [5] Another indication of a nuclear star forming ring is the detection of double peaked carbon monoxide emission lines. [7] The central region of the galaxy has a stellar population of young-intermediate age, probably created by constant starburst activity that lasted for about 5 billion years. [8] The total star formation rate of NGC 2964 is estimated to be about 4 M☉ per year. [9]

The nucleus of NGC 2964 appears to feature HII region activity. [10] The spectrographic study of the nucleus revealed double peaked emission lines, which can be attributed to an ionisation cone created by an active galactic nucleus. [5] In the centre of NGC 2964 is believed to lie a supermassive black hole whose upper mass limit is estimated to be between 1.4 and 24 million M☉. [11]

NGC 2964 is the brightest galaxy in a galaxy group known as the NGC 2964 group. Other members of the group include NGC 2968, NGC 2970, NGC 3003, NGC 3011, NGC 3021. Other nearby galaxies include NGC 3118, NGC 3067, NGC 3032, NGC 3026, and their galaxy groups. [12] NGC 2964 forms a non-interacting pair with NGC 2968, which lies 5.8 arcminutes away. [8] A hydrogen bridge has been found to connect the two galaxies, while a tail extends towards NGC 2970. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubble sequence</span> Galaxy morphological classification scheme advocated by Edwin Hubble

The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork. It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 32</span> Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

Messier 32 is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy about 2,650,000 light-years (810,000 pc) from the Solar System, appearing in the constellation Andromeda. M32 is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3642</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3642 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy has a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region. It is located at a distance of circa 30 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3642 is about 50,000 light years across. The galaxy is characterised by an outer pseudoring, which was probably formed after the accretion of a gas rich dwarf galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3675</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3675 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3675 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1436</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1436 is a barred spiral galaxy with LINER activity approximately 58 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. NGC 1436 is a flocculent spiral galaxy lying almost face-on to the Earth. It is a member of the Fornax I cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5965</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5965 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 150 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5965 is about 260,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 5, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5982</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5982 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5982 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 25, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3489</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3489 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of about 30 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3489 is about 30,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 8, 1784. NGC 3489 is a member of the Leo Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4665</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4665, also catalogued as NGC 4624 and NGC 4664, is a barred lenticular or spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4665 is about 75,000 light years across. NGC 4665 lies 2 and 3/4 degrees east-south east of Delta Virginis and 50 arcminutes southwest of 35 Virginis. It can be viewed through a moderately sized telescope with 23x magnification, forming a pair with an 11th magnitude star 1.5 arcminutes southwest. It is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3665</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3665 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3665 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 23, 1789.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 1459</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Grus

IC 1459 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that IC 1459 is about 130,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard in 1892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4278</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4278 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is located at a distance of circa 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4278 is about 65,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 13, 1785. NGC 4278 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue and can be found about one and 3/4 of a degree northwest of Gamma Comae Berenices even with a small telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7418</span> Galaxy in the constellation Grus

NGC 7418 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7418 is about 60,000 light-years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on August 30, 1834.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 680</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 680 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 680 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 15, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2974</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sextans

NGC 2974 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Sextans. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2974 is about 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 6, 1785. NGC 2974 is located in the sky about 2 and a half degrees south-south east of Iota Hydrae and more than 6 degrees northeast of Alphard. A 10th magnitude star lies next to the galaxy, thus making it a challenging object at low magnifications. NGC 2974 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4299</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4299 is a featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 620</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Andromeda

NGC 620 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 123 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1369</span> Galaxy of the Fornax Cluster

NGC 1369 is a barred lenticular galaxy located 59 millon light years away in constellation of Eridanus. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Julius Schmidt on January 19, 1865, and is a member of the Fornax Cluster. NGC 1369 is a host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 1.8 millon solar masses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7513</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sculptor

NGC 7513 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Sculptor. It is located at a distance of circa 62.5 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7513 is about 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by Albert Marth on September 24, 1864.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 2964. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 2964". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. ↑ NGC 2964 cseligman.com
  4. ↑ Eskridge, Paul B.; Frogel, Jay A.; Pogge, Richard W.; Quillen, Alice C.; Berlind, Andreas A.; Davies, Roger L.; DePoy, D. L.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Houdashelt, Mark L.; Kuchinski, Leslie E.; Ramirez, Solange V.; Sellgren, K.; Stutz, Amelia; Terndrup, Donald M.; Tiede, Glenn P. (November 2002). "Near-Infrared and Optical Morphology of Spiral Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 143 (1): 73–111. arXiv: astro-ph/0206320 . Bibcode:2002ApJS..143...73E. doi:10.1086/342340. S2CID   15491635.
  5. 1 2 3 Ganda, K.; Falcon-Barroso, J.; Peletier, R. F.; Cappellari, M.; Emsellem, E.; McDermid, R. M.; Tim de Zeeuw, P.; Carollo, C. M. (21 March 2006). "Late-type galaxies observed with SAURON: two-dimensional stellar and emission-line kinematics of 18 spirals". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 367 (1): 46–78. arXiv: astro-ph/0512304 . Bibcode:2006MNRAS.367...46G. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09977.x .
  6. ↑ Carollo, C. M.; Stiavelli, M.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Mack, J. (December 1997). "Spiral Galaxies with WFPC2.I.Nuclear Morphology, Bulges, Star Clusters, and Surface Brightness Profiles". The Astronomical Journal. 114: 2366. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.2366C. doi:10.1086/118654.
  7. ↑ Braine, J.; Combes, F.; Casoli, F.; Dupraz, C.; Gerin, M.; Klein, U.; Wielebinski, R.; Brouillet, N. (1 March 1993). "A CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) survey of nearby spiral galaxies. I - Data and observations". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 97: 887–936. Bibcode:1993A&AS...97..887B. ISSN   0365-0138.
  8. 1 2 Ganda, Katia; Peletier, Reynier F.; McDermid, Richard M.; Falcón-Barroso, Jesús; De Zeeuw, P. T.; Bacon, Roland; Cappellari, Michele; Davies, Roger L.; Emsellem, Eric; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; Sarzi, Marc; Van De Ven, Glenn (September 2007). "Absorption-line strengths of 18 late-type spiral galaxies observed with SAURON". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 380 (2): 506–540. arXiv: 0706.3624 . Bibcode:2007MNRAS.380..506G. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12121.x . S2CID   96427529.
  9. ↑ Zhou, Zhi-Min; Cao, Chen; Wu, Hong (25 November 2014). "Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies. III. Statistical Study of Bar-Driven Secular Evolution Using a Sample of Nearby Barred Spirals". The Astronomical Journal. 149 (1): 1. arXiv: 1409.3045 . doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/1 .
  10. ↑ Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. (October 1997). "A Search for 'Dwarf' Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 112 (2): 315–390. arXiv: astro-ph/9704107 . Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. doi: 10.1086/313041 .
  11. ↑ Beifiori, A.; Sarzi, M.; Corsini, E. M.; Bontà, E. Dalla; Pizzella, A.; Coccato, L.; Bertola, F. (10 February 2009). "Upper Limits on the Masses of 105 Supermassive Black Holes from Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Archival Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 692 (1): 856–868. arXiv: 0809.5103 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...692..856B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/856. S2CID   54903233.
  12. ↑ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z~ 0.01) Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv: 1011.6277 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x . S2CID   119194025.
  13. ↑ Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Privon, George C.; Kepley, Amanda A.; Whelan, David G.; Desjardins, Tyler D.; Zabludoff, Ann I. (25 January 2016). "Global properties of neutral hydrogen in compact groups". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (2): 30. arXiv: 1510.07628 . Bibcode:2016AJ....151...30W. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/30 . S2CID   118645940.
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