NGC 2207 and IC 2163

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NGC 2207 / IC 2163
NGC2207+IC2163.jpg
Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 2207 (left) and IC 2163 (right)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Canis Major
Right ascension 06h 16m 22.0s / 06h 16m 28.0s [1]
Declination −21° 22′ 22″ / −21° 22′ 33″ [1]
Redshift 2741 ± 15 / 2765 ± 20 km/s [1]
Distance 81 ± 39 Mly
(24.9 ± 12 Mpc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)12.2 / 11.6 [1]
Characteristics
Type SAB(rs)bc pec / SB(rs)c pec [1]
Apparent size  (V)4.3′ × 2.8′ / 3.0′ × 1.2′ [1]
Notable features colliding galaxies
Other designations
RR132a / RR132b, [1] PGC 018749 / 018751, UGCA 124/125 [1]

NGC 2207 and IC 2163 are a pair of colliding spiral galaxies about 80 million light-years away [2] in the constellation Canis Major. NGC 2207 was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 24 January 1835, [3] while IC 2163 was discovered by Herbert Howe on 11 February 1898. [4]

Contents

MIRI image of NGC 2207 and IC 2163, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope Galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207 (Webb MIRI Image) (2024-136).png
MIRI image of NGC 2207 and IC 2163, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope

The larger spiral, NGC 2207, is classified as an intermediate spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar. The smaller companion spiral, IC 2163, is classified as a barred spiral galaxy that also exhibits a weak inner ring and an elongated spiral arm that is likely being stretched by tidal forces with the larger companion. Both galaxies contain a vast amount of dust and gas, and are beginning to exhibit enhanced rates of star formation, as seen in infrared images.

NGC 2207 is in the process of colliding and merging with IC 2163. But unlike the Antennae or the Mice Galaxies, they are still two separate spiral galaxies. They are only in the first step of colliding and merging, with NGC 2207 being in the process of tidally stripping IC 2163. Soon they will collide, probably looking a bit more like the Mice Galaxies. In about a billion years' time they are expected to merge and become an elliptical galaxy or perhaps a disk galaxy. [5]

Supernovae

Five supernovae have been observed in NGC 2207:

One supernova has been observed in IC 2163:

In addition, one supernova has been observed on the outskirts of the group:

See also

Related Research Articles

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Messier 99 or M99, also known as NGC 4254 or St. Catherine's Wheel, is a grand design spiral galaxy in the northern constellation Coma Berenices approximately 15,000,000 parsecs from the Milky Way. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain on 17 March 1781. The discovery was then reported to Charles Messier, who included the object in the Messier Catalogue of comet-like objects. It was one of the first galaxies in which a spiral pattern was seen. This pattern was first identified by Lord Rosse in the spring of 1846.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3184</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3184, the Little Pinwheel Galaxy, is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Its name comes from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy. It was discovered on 18 March 1787 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. It has two HII regions named NGC 3180 and NGC 3181.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antennae Galaxies</span> Interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus

The Antennae Galaxies are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus. They are currently going through a starburst phase, in which the collision of clouds of gas and dust, with entangled magnetic fields, causes rapid star formation. They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2442 and NGC 2443</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Volans

NGC 2442 and NGC 2443 are two parts of a single intermediate spiral galaxy, commonly known as the Meathook Galaxy or the Cobra and Mouse. It is about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Volans. It was discovered by Sir John Herschel on December 23, 1834 during his survey of southern skies with a 18.25 inch diameter reflecting telescope from an observatory he set up in Cape Town, South Africa. Associated with this galaxy is HIPASS J0731-69, a cloud of gas devoid of any stars. It is likely that the cloud was torn loose from NGC 2442 by a companion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3310</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4567 and NGC 4568</span> Interacting galaxy pair in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5090 and NGC 5091</span> Merging galaxies in the constellation Centaurus

NGC 5090 and NGC 5091 are a set of galaxies approximately 160 million light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. They are in the process of colliding and merging with some evidence of tidal disruption of NGC 5091.

SN 2003H was a supernova that appeared halfway between the colliding NGC 2207 and IC 2163 galaxies. It was discovered on January 8, 2003, by the Lick Observatory and Tenagra Supernova Searches (LOTOSS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arp 271</span> Interacting galaxies in the constellation Virgo

Arp 271 is a pair of similarly sized interacting spiral galaxies, NGC 5426 and NGC 5427, in the constellation of Virgo. It is not certain whether the galaxies are going to eventually collide or not. They will continue interacting for tens of millions of years, creating new stars as a result of the mutual gravitational attraction between the galaxies, a pull seen in the bridge of stars already connecting the two. Located about 130 million light-years away, the Arp 271 pair is about 130,000 light-years across. It was originally discovered in 1785 by William Herschel. It is speculated, that the Milky Way will undergo a similar collision in about five billion years with the neighbouring Andromeda Galaxy, which is currently located about 2.6 million light-years away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7714</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pisces

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3938</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter. It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth. NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge. The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4527</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4527 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 23 February 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1084</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1084 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. It is located at a distance of about 63 million light-years away from the Milky Way. The galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on 10 January 1785. It has multiple spiral arms, which are not well defined. It belongs in the same galaxy group with NGC 988, NGC 991, NGC 1022, NGC 1035, NGC 1042, NGC 1047, NGC 1052 and NGC 1110. This group is in turn associated with the Messier 77 group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 908</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 908 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on 20 September 1786 by William Herschel. This galaxy is 56 million light years away from Earth. It is the main galaxy in the NGC 908 group, which also includes NGC 899, NGC 907, and IC 223.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1961</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardis

NGC 1961 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It was discovered by William Herschel on 3 December 1788. It is at a distance of about 200 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1961 is more than 220,000 light years across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3810</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3810 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is about 50 million light years from Earth, and estimated to be about 60,000 light years in diameter. William Herschel discovered it on 15 March 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5468</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5468 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of about 140 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5468 is about 110,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on 5 March 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1325</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1325 is a flocculent spiral galaxy situated in the constellation of Eridanus. Located about 75 million light years away, it is a member of the Eridanus cluster of galaxies, a cluster of about 200 galaxies. It was discovered by William Herschel on 19 December 1799.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3646</span> Galaxy

NGC 3646 is a galaxy in the Leo constellation that has variously been described as "a strange spiral galaxy" of morphological classication Sc or SAa, or as "a ring-shaped galaxy". It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 15 February 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2935</span> Large galaxy in constellation Hydra

NGC 2935 is a large intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hydra. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 2,601 ± 23 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 38.4 ± 2.7 Mpc. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 20 March 1786.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 2207 / IC 2163. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
  2. 1 2 "Distance Results for NGC 2207". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 2207". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  4. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Index Catalogue Objects: IC 2163". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  5. ↑ Ueda, Junko; Iono, Daisuke; et al. (12 August 2014). "Cold molecular gas in merger remnants. I. Formation of molecular gas disks". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 214 (1): 1. arXiv: 1407.6873 . Bibcode:2014ApJS..214....1U. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/214/1/1. ISSN   1538-4365. S2CID   716993.
  6. ↑ Dunlap, J. R.; Dunlap, Y. (1975). "Supernova in NGC 2207". International Astronomical Union Circular (2738): 1. Bibcode:1975IAUC.2738....1D.
  7. ↑ Kirshner, R. P.; Arp, H. C.; Dunlap, J. R. (June 1976). "Observations of supernovae - 1975a in NGC 2207 and 1975b in the Perseus cluster". The Astrophysical Journal . 207 (1): 44. Bibcode:1976ApJ...207...44K. doi: 10.1086/154465 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  8. ↑ "SN 1975A". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  9. ↑ Modjaz, M.; Li, W. D. (1999). "Supernova 1999ec in NGC 2207". International Astronomical Union Circular (7268): 3. Bibcode:1999IAUC.7268....3M.
  10. ↑ Jha, S.; Garnavich, P.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; et al. (October 1999). "Supernova 1999ec in NGC 2207". International Astronomical Union Circular (7269): 2. Bibcode:1999IAUC.7269....2J. ISSN   0081-0304.
  11. ↑ "SN 1999ec". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  12. ↑ Graham, J.; Li, W.; Puckett, T.; Toth, D.; Qiu, Y. L. (2003). "Supernovae 2003E, 2003F, 2003G, 2003H". International Astronomical Union Circular (8045): 1. Bibcode:2003IAUC.8045....1G.
  13. ↑ van den Bergh, Sidney; Li, Weidong; Filippenko, Alexei V. (November 2003). "Classifications of the Host Galaxies of Supernovae, Set II". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 115 (813): 1280–1288. arXiv: astro-ph/0308195 . Bibcode:2003PASP..115.1280V. doi:10.1086/379106. ISSN   0004-6280. S2CID   2015979.
  14. ↑ "SN 2003H". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  15. ↑ Klotz, Alain; Conseil, E.; et al. (March 2013). "Supernova 2013ai in NGC 2207 = Psn J06161835-2122329". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams . 3431 (3431): 1. Bibcode:2013CBET.3431....1K.
  16. ↑ "SN 2013ai". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  17. ↑ "AT 2019eez". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  18. ↑ Strader, J.; Chomiuk, L.; Dage, K.; Prieto, J. L.; Stanek, K. Z. (2019). "Spectroscopic classification of ASASSN-19kz as a young Type II supernova in NGC 2207". The Astronomer's Telegram. 12706: 1. Bibcode:2019ATel12706....1S.
  19. ↑ "Transient Name Server". Entry for SN 2018lab. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  20. ↑ 2018lab in IC 2136 (David Bishop)
  21. ↑ Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Cartier, R.; Forster, F.; Silva, S.; Carrasco, F.; Pignata, G.; Cifuentes, M.; Conuel, B.; Folatelli, G.; Reichart, D.; Ivarsen, K.; Haislip, J.; Crain, A.; Foster, D.; Nysewander, M.; Lacluyze, A. (2010). "Supernovae 2010jp and 2010jq". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2544: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2544....1M.
  22. ↑ "SN 2010jp". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 December 2024.
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