TOI-700 e

Last updated
TOI-700 e
TOI700e art.jpg
Artist's view of TOI-700 e. The large blue dot on the top left is TOI-700 d.
Discovery [1]
Discovered by Emily Gilbert et al.; TESS
Discovery dateJanuary 2023
Transit
Orbital characteristics [1]
0.1340±0.0022  AU
Eccentricity 0.059+0.057
−0.042
27.80978+0.00046
−0.00040  d
Inclination 89.60°+0.21°
−0.16°
Star TOI-700
Physical characteristics [1]
0.953+0.089
−0.075  R🜨

    TOI-700 e is the second outermost known exoplanet orbiting TOI-700, a red dwarf star in the constellation of Dorado.

    Contents

    Host star

    TOI-700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is about 40% the mass and radius, and very roughly 50% of the temperature of the Sun. [2] The star is bright with low levels of stellar activity. Over the 11 sectors observed with TESS, the star does not show a single white-light flare. The low rotation rate is also an indicator of low stellar activity. [3]

    Orbit

    TOI-700 e orbits its host star with an orbital period of 27.8 days, comparable with the Moon's orbital period of 27.5 Earth days. It has an orbital radius of about 0.134  AU (20.0 million  km ; 12.5 million  mi ), less than half of that of Mercury to the Sun in the Solar System. It receives about 127% of Earth's sunlight from its host star. [1]

    TOI-700 e is in a near 4:3 orbital resonance with TOI-700 d. [1]

    Discovery

    Size comparison
    EarthTOI-700 e
    Small Earth.jpg Exoplanet sphere.jpg

    In November 2021, a fourth possible planet, Earth-sized and receiving approximately 30% more flux from TOI-700 than Earth does from the Sun, was found at the inner edge of the habitable zone of TOI-700. [4] In January 2023 the existence of this planet, designated TOI-700 e, was confirmed. [5]

    Discovered in 2023, TOI-700 e is terrestrial exoplanet that NASA claims to be an "earth-like" planet, with 95 percent of the Earth’s radius. Discovered by NASA's TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), TOI-700 e has mass of about 0.818 Earths and takes 27.8 days to orbit once around its star. [6] The planet is in a habitable zone distance from the M-type star TOI-700 it orbits, leading NASA scientists to believe that there is potential for liquid water on its surface. Ten percent smaller than its neighboring planet TOI-700 d, both are at a distance from their sun to be considered habitable, however, TESS requires an additional year to acquire more data about the exoplanets. [7] Being one in only about a dozen habitable zone planets known, further research and data collection of the TOI-700 solar system are important for understanding Earth-like planets. [8]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Super-Earth</span> Type of exoplanet

    A Super-Earth or super-terran is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</span> NASA satellite of the Explorer program

    Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly elliptical 13.70-day orbit around the Earth. The first light image from TESS was taken on 7 August 2018, and released publicly on 17 September 2018.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Discoveries of exoplanets</span> Detecting planets located outside the Solar System

    An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed exoplanets in 4,949 planetary systems, with 1007 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-186f</span> Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Kepler-186

    Kepler-186f is an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-186, the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 580 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">K2-72e</span> Goldilocks terrestrial exoplanet orbiting K2-72

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">TRAPPIST-1e</span> Earth-size exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1

    TRAPPIST-1e, also designated as 2MASS J23062928-0502285 e, is a rocky, close-to-Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone around the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, located 40.7 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. Astronomers used the transit method to find the exoplanet, a method that measures the dimming of a star when a planet crosses in front of it.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">K2-288Bb</span> Mini-Neptune orbiting K2-288B

    K2-288Bb is a super-Earth or mini-Neptune exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of K2-288B, a low-mass M-dwarf star in a binary star system in the constellation of Taurus about 226 light-years from Earth. It was discovered by citizen scientists while analysing data from the Kepler space telescope's K2 mission, and was announced on 7 January 2019. K2-288 is the third transiting planet system identified by the Exoplanet Explorers program, after the six planets of K2-138 and the three planets of K2-233.

    TOI-700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI-700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-700 d</span> Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI-700

    TOI-700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-1649c</span> Earth-size exoplanet orbiting Kepler-1649

    Kepler-1649c is an Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-1649, the outermost planet of the planetary system discovered by Kepler’s space telescope. It is located about 301 light-years (92 pc) away from Earth, in the constellation of Cygnus.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-2180 b</span> Jovian-sized exoplanet orbiting TOI-2180

    TOI-2180 b is a giant exoplanet orbiting the G-type star TOI-2180, also known as HD 238894. It was discovered with the help of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and is currently the exoplanet with the longest orbital period TESS was able to uncover. TOI-2180 b orbits its host star every 260.16 days.

    LP 791-18 (TOI-736) is a cool M dwarf star in the constellation Crater, located 26.65 parsecs away from Earth.

    TOI-2257 b is an extremely eccentric (0.496) exoplanet in or near the circumstellar habitable zone of the star TOI-2257, 188 light-years away. It is likely a sub-Neptune exoplanet, with a mass of 5.71 Mearth and a radius of 2.19 Rearth. As a small planet in the habitable zone, it is included in the Planetary Habitability Laboratory's list of potentially habitable exoplanets.

    GJ 3929 b is a confirmed exoplanet located 52 light-years away orbiting the red dwarf star GJ 3929. It is an Earth-sized planet, having a radius only 9% larger than that of Earth. It orbits its star at a distance of 0.0252 astronomical units (3,770,000 km), being located in the Venus zone of its star, and completes one orbit around it every 2 days and 15 hours. Because of the proximity of its star, and its low mass, GJ 3929 b is classified as a Venus-like planet, having an equilibrium temperature of around 300 °C and receiving planetary insolation 17 times more intense than Earth receives from the Sun.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">GJ 3929</span> Red dwarf star in the constellation Corona Borealis

    GJ 3929, also known as Gliese 3929 and TOI-2013, is a red dwarf star located 51.6 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Corona Borealis. With an apparent magnitude of 12, it is not visible to the naked eye. In 2022, two exoplanets were detected orbiting the star.

    TOI-715 b is a super-Earth exoplanet in the habitable zone of its parent M-type star, TOI-715. The planet is 1.55 times larger than Earth, and is located at 0.083 astronomical units (12,400,000 km) from its star. The planet orbits in the habitable zone of its star and has an equilibrium temperature of 234 K (−39 °C). It was discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in 2023; according to the authors of the discovery paper, it is the first TESS discovery in the conservative habitable zone.

    TOI-715 is a red dwarf star located 42 parsecs (140 ly) from the Earth in the constellation Volans, very close to the southern celestial pole. It hosts one confirmed exoplanet, named TOI-715 b, a super-Earth orbiting in its habitable zone. Another planet in the system is suspected. The star has an apparent magnitude of 16.7 and is too faint to be seen with the naked eye or even a small telescope. It is smaller and cooler than the Sun, with 24% its radius and a temperature of 3,075 K (2,802 °C).

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 Gilbert, Emily A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; et al. (January 2023). "A Second Earth-Sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of the M Dwarf, TOI-700". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 944 (2): L35. arXiv: 2301.03617 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...944L..35G. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb599 . S2CID   255570018.
    2. ↑ Wall, Mike (6 January 2020). "NASA's TESS Planet Hunter Finds Its 1st Earth-Size World in 'Habitable Zone'". Space.com . Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
    3. ↑ Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Hord, Benjamin J.; Kostov, Veselin B.; Lopez, Eric D.; Rowe, Jason F.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Silverstein, Michele L. (2020-01-03). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I: Validation of the TOI-700 System". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 116. arXiv: 2001.00952 . Bibcode:2020AJ....160..116G. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b2 . S2CID   209862554.
    4. ↑ "ExoFOP TIC 150428135". exofop.ipac.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
    5. ↑ "Second Earth-sized World Found in System's Habitable Zone". exoplanets.nasa.gov. NASA. 10 January 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
    6. ↑ Kazmierczak, Jeanette (2023-01-09). "NASA's TESS Discovers Planetary System's Second Earth-Size World". NASA. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
    7. ↑ Kazmierczak, Jeanette (2023-01-09). "NASA's TESS Discovers Planetary System's Second Earth-Size World". NASA. Archived from the original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
    8. ↑ Haghighipour, Nader (2015), "Kepler 186f: First Earth-Sized Planet in Habitable Zone", in Gargaud, Muriel; Irvine, William M.; Amils, Ricardo; Cleaves, Henderson James (eds.), Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1325–1326, Bibcode:2015enas.book.1530H, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_5294, ISBN   978-3-662-44184-8, archived from the original on 2023-10-05, retrieved 2023-04-16
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