TrES-2A

Last updated
GSC 03549-02811
Kepler First Light Detail TrES-2.jpg
GSC 03549-02811 as seen from the Kepler spacecraft. Celestial north is to the left.
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Draco
TrES-2A
Right ascension 19h 07m 14.0376s [1]
Declination +49° 18′ 59.091″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.41 [2]
TrES-2C
Right ascension ~19h 07m 14s [3]
Declination ~+49° 18′ 59″ [3]
Characteristics
TrES-2A
Spectral type G0V [2]
Apparent magnitude  (B)~12.030 [4]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.411±0.005 [4]
Apparent magnitude  (I)11.07 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (Z)11.04 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (J)10.232±0.020 [5]
Apparent magnitude  (H)9.920±0.026 [5]
Apparent magnitude  (K)9.846±0.022 [5]
Variable type Planetary transit [2]
TrES-2C
Spectral type K [3]
Apparent magnitude  (I)14.73 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (Z)14.47 [3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)1.20±1.21 [1] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 5.434(15) mas/yr [1]
Dec.: 1.572(16) mas/yr [1]
Parallax (π)4.6308±0.0116  mas [1]
Distance 704 ± 2  ly
(215.9 ± 0.5  pc)
Details [6]
TrES-2A
Mass 0.983+0.059
−0.063  M☉
Radius 1.003±0.033  R☉
Temperature 5850±50  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.15±0.10  dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)2.0±1.5 km/s
Age 5.0+2.7
−2.1  Gyr
TrES-2C
Mass 0.67 [3]   M☉
Other designations
TrES-2 Parent Star, V581 Dra , WDS J19072+4919AB, Kepler-1, KOI-1, KIC 11446443, TOI-2140, TIC 399860444, TYC 3549-2811-1, GSC 03549-02811, 2MASS J19071403+4918590 [4]
Database references
SIMBAD TrES-2A
TrES-2C
Exoplanet Archive data

GSC 03549-02811 (sometimes referred to as Kepler-1, or either TrES-2A or TrES-2 parent star in reference to its exoplanet TrES-2b) [7] is a binary star system containing a G-type main-sequence star similar to the Sun. This star is located approximately 704 light-years away in the constellation of Draco. The apparent magnitude of this star is 11.41, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night. The age of this star is about 5 billion years. [4]

Contents

Nomenclature

The designation GSC 03549-02811 comes from the Guide Star Catalog.

The star is often called TrES-2, [8] in reference to its planet discovered by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES). The discovery paper [2] and the SIMBAD database [4] use this designation for the planet itself, but other sources call the star TrES-2 (or TrES-2A) [9] and the planet TrES-2b, [10] following the standard exoplanet naming convention. In keeping with the planet being component b, the companion star is designated TrES-2C, although it is also designated Kepler-1B. [4]

The planet was also observed by the Kepler space telescope, and so the star is also known as Kepler-1. [4] Since the planet transits the star, the star is classified as a planetary transit variable and has received the variable star designation V581 Draconis. [11]

Binary star

In 2008 a study was undertaken of fourteen stars with exoplanets that were originally discovered using the transit method through relatively small telescopes. These systems were re-examined with the 2.2M reflector telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain. This star system, along with two others, was determined to be a previously unknown binary star system. The previously unknown secondary star is a dim magnitude 15 K-type star separated by about 232 AU from the primary, appearing offset from the primary by about one arc second in the images. This discovery resulted in a significant recalculation of parameters for both the planet and the primary star. [3]

Planetary system

A light curve for TrES-2A, plotted from TESS data TrES-2ALightCurve.png
A light curve for TrES-2A, plotted from TESS data

In 2006, the exoplanet TrES-2b was discovered by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey using the transit method. It was also within the field of view of the Kepler Mission planet-hunter spacecraft. [2] This system continues to be studied by other projects and the parameters are continuously improved. [13] The planet orbits the primary star. [3]

TrES-2b is a hot Jupiter, with a mass and size similar to those of Jupiter but an orbital period of only two days. Its orbit is prograde relative to its star's rotation. [10] In 2011, TrES-2b was found to have a very low albedo, reflecting less than 1 percent of the light from its star, making it the darkest known exoplanet at the time. However, it also emits a significant amount of light because its surface temperature is so hot that it glows red. [14] Due to its close orbit, it is assumed to be tidally locked to its parent star. [15]

The TrES-2A planetary system [16] [3]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 1.199(52)  MJ 0.03555(75)2.4706133738(187)0 (assumed)83.908(9) ° 1.189(25)  RJ

The Kepler mission

An image from Kepler with TrES-2 and the star cluster NGC 6791 outlined (celestial north is towards the lower left corner) 329161main fullFFIHot300.png
An image from Kepler with TrES-2 and the star cluster NGC 6791 outlined (celestial north is towards the lower left corner)

In March 2009, NASA launched the Kepler spacecraft. This spacecraft was a dedicated mission to discover extrasolar planets by the transit method from solar orbit. In April 2009 the project released the first light images from the spacecraft, and TrES-2b was one of two objects highlighted in these images. Although TrES-2b was not the only known exoplanet in the field of view of this spacecraft, it was the only one identified in the first-light images. This object was important for calibration and check-out. [17]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 O'Donovan, Francis T.; et al. (2006). "TrES-2: The First Transiting Planet in the Kepler Field". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 651 (1): L61 –L64. arXiv: astro-ph/0609335 . Bibcode: 2006ApJ...651L..61O . doi: 10.1086/509123 .
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Daemgen, S.; et al. (2009). "Binarity of transit host stars. Implications for planetary parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 498 (2): 567–574. arXiv: 0902.2179 . Bibcode: 2009A&A...498..567D . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200810988 . S2CID   9893376.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Kepler-1". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2009-04-22.
  5. 1 2 3 Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.1163S . doi: 10.1086/498708 . Vizier catalog entry
  6. ↑ Bonomo, A. S.; Desidera, S.; et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 602: A107. arXiv: 1704.00373 . Bibcode:2017A&A...602A.107B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629882.
  7. ↑ Mislis, D.; Schröter, S.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Cordes, O.; Reif, K. (February 2010). "Multi-band transit observations of the TrES-2b exoplanet". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 510: A107. arXiv: 0912.4428 . Bibcode:2010A&A...510A.107M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912910.
  8. ↑ "TrES-2 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive . Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  9. ↑ Barclay, Thomas; Huber, Daniel; et al. (December 2012). "Photometrically Derived Masses and Radii of the Planet and Star in the TrES-2 System". The Astrophysical Journal . 761 (1): 53. arXiv: 1210.4592 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...761...53B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53.
  10. 1 2 Winn, Joshua N.; Johnson, John Asher; et al. (August 2008). "The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b". The Astrophysical Journal . 682 (2): 1283–1288. arXiv: 0804.2259 . Bibcode:2008ApJ...682.1283W. doi:10.1086/589235.
  11. ↑ "V581 Dra". General Catalog of Variable Stars - VizieR . Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  12. ↑ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  13. ↑ Alessandro Sozzetti; Torres, Guillermo; Charbonneau, David; Latham, David W.; Holman, Matthew J.; Winn, Joshua N.; Laird, John B.; o’Donovan, Francis T. (August 1, 2007). "Improving Stellar and Planetary Parameters of Transiting Planet Systems: The Case of TrES-2". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 1190–1198. arXiv: 0704.2938 . Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1190S. doi:10.1086/519214. S2CID   17078552.
  14. ↑ Kipping, David M.; Spiegel, David S. (October 2011). "Detection of visible light from the darkest world". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters . 417 (1): L88 –L92. arXiv: 1108.2297 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417L..88K. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01127.x .
  15. ↑ "Coal-Black Alien Planet is Darkest Ever Seen". 11 August 2011.
  16. ↑ Raetz, St.; et al. (2014). "Transit timing of TrES-2: A combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (2): 1351–1368. arXiv: 1408.7022 . Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.444.1351R . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1505 .
  17. ↑ "Kepler Eyes Cluster and Known Planet". NASA. 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
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