1977 in spaceflight

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1977 in spaceflight
Titan 3E Centaur launches Voyager 2.jpg
Launch of Voyager 2 on a Titan IIIE
Orbital launches
First6 January
Last27 December
Total130
Catalogued 124
Rockets
Maiden flights Mu-3H
Tsyklon-3
Retirements Kosmos-2I
Titan IIIE
Crewed flights
Orbital3
Total travellers6
1977 in spaceflight
  1976
1978  

Spaceflight in 1977 included some important events such as the roll out of the Space Shuttle orbiter, Voyager 1 and Voyager space probes were launched. NASA received the Space Shuttle orbiter later named Enterprise, on 14 January. This unpowered sub-orbital space plane was launched off the top of a modified 747 and was flown uncrewed until 13 August until a human crew landed the Enterprise for the first time.

Contents

In August and September, the two Voyager spacecraft to the outer planets were launched. Voyager 2 , launched on 20 August, went on to fly past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 1 , which was launched on 5 September, flew past Jupiter and Saturn, with a planned flyby of Pluto being cancelled in favour of a closer flyby of Titan. [1]

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks
19 February
05:15
Flag of Japan.svg M-3H Flag of Japan.svg Kagoshima Space Center LP-M Flag of Japan.svg ISAS
Flag of Japan.svg MS-T3 (Tansei 3)ISAS Highly elliptical orbit Technology testIn orbitSuccessful
First flight of M-3H
16 June
10:51:00
Flag of the United States.svg Delta 2914 Flag of the United States.svg Cape Canaveral LC-17B Flag of the United States.svg
Flag of the United States.svg GOES 2 NOAA Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geostationary
Weather In orbitSuccessful
Retired on 5 May 2001 and moved to a graveyard orbit
20 August
14:29:44
Flag of the United States.svg Titan IIIE Flag of the United States.svg Cape Canaveral LC-41 Flag of the United States.svg
Flag of the United States.svg Voyager 2 NASA Heliocentric to Galactocentric PlanetaryIn orbitSuccessful
Operational
Spacecraft flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, first spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune
5 September
12:56:01
Flag of the United States.svg Titan IIIE Flag of the United States.svg Cape Canaveral LC-41 Flag of the United States.svg
Flag of the United States.svg Voyager 1 NASAHeliocentric to GalactocentricPlanetaryIn orbitSuccessful
Operational
Final flight of Titan IIIE, spacecraft flew past Jupiter and Saturn

Deep space rendezvous

DateSpacecraftEventRemarks
20 February Viking Orbiter 1 Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 89 kilometres (55 mi)
October Viking Orbiter 2 Flyby of Deimos

EVAs

Start date/timeDurationEnd timeSpacecraftCrewRemarks
19 December
21:36
1 hour
28 minutes
23:04 Salyut 6
PE-1
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Georgi Grechko (full)
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Yuri Romanenko (stand-up)
First Russian EVA in over 8 years and the first use of the Orlan-D spacesuit. [2] Grechko inspected the front docking port for damage from the failed Soyuz 25 docking and found no damage, while Romanenko assisted from the open hatch.

References

Generic references:
RocketSunIcon.svg Spaceflightportal

Footnotes

  1. Hughes, J. (1996) Larrousse Desk Reference Encloypedia London RD press, World Aircraft Information Files (2001) London Aerospace publishing Ltd
  2. Wade, Mark (2009). "Orlan". Encyclopedia Astronautica web site. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2009.