OMOTENASHI

Last updated

OMOTENASHI
Omotenashi-jaxa.jpg
NamesOutstanding MOon exploration TEchnologies demonstrated by NAno Semi-Hard Impactor
Mission type Technology demonstrator, Reconnaissance
Operator JAXA
COSPAR ID 2022-156D OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 55904
Website www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/omotenashi/index.html
Mission duration1 day
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftOMOTENASHI
Spacecraft type CubeSat
Bus 6U CubeSat
Manufacturer JAXA
Launch mass12.6 kg (28 lb) [1]
Dimensions10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm
Power30 watts [2]
Start of mission
Launch date16 November 2022, 06:47:44 UTC [3]
Rocket SLS Block 1
Launch site Kennedy, LC-39B
Contractor NASA
End of mission
Last contactWorking to restore communications [4]
Orbital parameters
Reference system Selenocentric orbit
Moon impactor
Spacecraft componentOrbiter and lander
Transponders
Band X-band, S-band, P-band [5] [2]
Instruments
Radiation monitor
Accelerometer
 
Animation of OMOTENASHI around Earth .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Earth * OMOTENASHI * Moon Animation of OMOTENASHI around Earth.gif
Animation of OMOTENASHI around Earth
  Earth ·   OMOTENASHI  ·  Moon

OMOTENASHI (Outstanding MOon exploration TEchnologies demonstrated by NAno Semi-Hard Impactor) was a small spacecraft and semi-hard lander of the 6U CubeSat format intended to demonstrate low-cost technology to land and explore the lunar surface. The CubeSat was to take measurements of the radiation environment near the Moon as well as on the lunar surface. Omotenashi is a Japanese word for "welcome" or "Hospitality". [2] [6]

Contents

OMOTENASHI was one of ten CubeSats launched with the Artemis 1 mission into a heliocentric orbit in cislunar space on the maiden flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), that took place on 16 November 2022. [3] [7]

After deployment from the Artemis I second stage, JAXA reported unstable communications with the spacecraft. [8] On 21 November 2022, a Twitter message sent by JAXA reported that further attempts to communicate with the lander, which was scheduled to begin its landing sequences that day, had been ended. [9]

Overview

The OMOTENASHI mission was to land the smallest lunar lander up to then on the lunar surface to demonstrate the feasibility of the hardware for distributed synergistic exploration system with multi-point exploration. Once on the lunar surface, the OMOTENASHI lander was planned to observe the radiation environment of the lunar surface. The OMOTENASHI orbiter and lander were designed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It was a 6U CubeSat measuring 10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm, and had a mass of 14 kg (31 lb). The principal investigator was Tatsuaki Hashimoto from JAXA. [10] The spacecraft featured two body-fixed solar panels and lithium ion batteries. After measuring the radiation environment as it approached the Moon, OMOTENASHI's lander module was planned to perform a semi-hard landing on the lunar surface. [11]

Flight

JAXA announced that OMOTENASHI had successfully separated from the ICPS interstage around 90 minutes after launch. However, as of November 17, 2022, the spacecraft had yet to achieve Sun acquisition, and communication was unstable. JAXA continued operations to "stabilise attitude, secure power and establish communication," [12] but after failing to restore operations, they abandoned recovery attempts on November 22. [9] [13] Reports indicate that the loss was due to failure of the solar cells to point toward the Sun. [14] The next time they would be facing towards the Sun was March 2023. [15] [16] The team is considering recovery operations if they are able to reestablish contact with the spacecraft. [17]

Payload

The lander's scientific payload consisted of a radiation monitor and an accelerometer. [2]

Propulsion and proposed landing

OMOTENASHI was to use a cold gas thruster to enter a lunar-impact orbit, and a solid rocket motor for the landing phase. [5] The entry and landing phases would have been informed by the use of an X-band two-way Doppler radar. [5] The orbiting module was planned to enter at a shallow flight-path angle of ≤7°, and to be ejected when the solid rocket burn begins the deceleration manoeuvre. [5] The rocket would have been ignited with a laser. [2] [18] After the deceleration rocket burn that was planned to last 15–20 seconds, [18] OMOTENASHI's lander would have ejected the retrorocket, experiencing a free-fall of about 100 m. Just before impact, the lander was planned to deploy a single airbag about 50 cm in diameter to minimize the impact, [18] [19] estimated to be at 20–30 m/s. [2] [5]

Spacecraft
components [18] [5] 		Units/performance
Modules* Orbiting module
* Retro motor Module
* Surface probe
Surface probe0.7 kg [19]
Battery: 30 Wh
Consumption: 15 W
Orbiter7 kg
(including cold gas system)
Propulsion* Solid motor: 6 kg (2500 m/s) - includes solid fuel
* Cold gas jet: (N2, 20 m/s)

See also

The 10 CubeSats flying in the Artemis 1 mission
The 3 CubeSat missions removed from Artemis 1

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moon landing</span> Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moons surface

A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2 in 1959.

The (Japanese) Lunar Exploration Program is a program of robotic and human missions to the Moon undertaken by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and its division, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). It is also one of the three major enterprises of the JAXA Space Exploration Center (JSPEC). The main goal of the program is "to elucidate the origin and evolution of the Moon and utilize the Moon in the future".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Artemis 1</span> 2022 uncrewed Moon-orbiting NASA mission

Artemis 1, officially Artemis I and formerly Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1), was an uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission. As the first major spaceflight of NASA's Artemis program, Artemis 1 marked the agency's return to lunar exploration after the conclusion of the Apollo program five decades earlier. It was the first integrated flight test of the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and its main objective was to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its heat shield, in preparation for subsequent Artemis missions. These missions seek to reestablish a human presence on the Moon and demonstrate technologies and business approaches needed for future scientific studies, including exploration of Mars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Near-Earth Asteroid Scout</span> Solar sail spacecraft

The Near-Earth Asteroid Scout was a mission by NASA to develop a controllable low-cost CubeSat solar sail spacecraft capable of encountering near-Earth asteroids (NEA). NEA Scout was one of ten CubeSats launched into a heliocentric orbit on Artemis 1, the maiden flight of the Space Launch System, on 16 November 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lunar Flashlight</span> Lunar orbiter by NASA

Lunar Flashlight was a low-cost CubeSat lunar orbiter mission to explore, locate, and estimate size and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon for future exploitation by robots or humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BioSentinel</span> US experimental astrobiology research satellite

BioSentinel is a lowcost CubeSat spacecraft on a astrobiology mission that will use budding yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on DNA repair over long time beyond low Earth orbit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lunar IceCube</span> Nanosatellite launched in 2022

Lunar IceCube is a NASA nanosatellite orbiter mission that was intended to prospect, locate, and estimate amount and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon for future exploitation. It was launched as a secondary payload mission on Artemis 1, the first flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), on 16 November 2022. As of February 2023 it is unknown whether NASA team has contact with satellite or not.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LunIR</span> Spacecraft

LunIR is a nanosatellite spacecraft launched to the Moon collecting surface spectroscopy and thermography. It was launched as a secondary payload on the Artemis 1 mission on 16 November 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CubeSat for Solar Particles</span> Nanosatellite

CubeSat for Solar Particles (CuSP) was a low-cost 6U CubeSat to orbit the Sun to study the dynamic particles and magnetic fields. The principal investigator for CuSP is Mihir Desai, at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio, Texas. It was launched on the maiden flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), as a secondary payload of the Artemis 1 mission on 16 November 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper</span> US Moon-orbiting ice-finding satellite

Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper, or LunaH-Map, was one of the 10 CubeSats launched with Artemis 1 on 16 November 2022. Along with Lunar IceCube and LunIR, LunaH-Map will help investigate the possible presence of water-ice on the Moon. Arizona State University began development of LunaH-Map after being awarded a contract by NASA in early 2015. The development team consists of about 20 professionals and students led by Craig Hardgrove, the principal investigator. The mission is a part of NASA's SIMPLEx program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</span> Japanese lunar lander mission

Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) is a lunar lander mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The lander's initial launch date in 2021 was postponed until 2023 due to delays in its rideshare, the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). On 6 September 2023 at 23:42 UTC, XRISM launched, and SLIM separated from it later that day.

<i>ArgoMoon</i> Nanosatellite

ArgoMoon is a CubeSat that was launched into a heliocentric orbit on Artemis 1, the maiden flight of the Space Launch System, on 16 November 2022 at 06:47:44 UTC. The objective of the ArgoMoon spacecraft is to take detailed images of the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage following Orion separation, an operation that will demonstrate the ability of a cubesat to conduct precise proximity maneuvers in deep space. ASI has not confirmed nor denied whether this took place, but several images of the Earth and the Moon were taken.

Cislunar Explorers is a pair of spacecraft that will show the viability of water electrolysis propulsion and interplanetary optical navigation to orbit the Moon. Both spacecraft will launch mated together as two L-shaped 3U CubeSats, which fit together as a 6U CubeSat of about 10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earth Escape Explorer</span> US experimental communications satellite

Earth Escape Explorer (CU-E3) is a nanosatellite of the 6U CubeSat format that will demonstrate long-distance communications while in heliocentric orbit.

Team Miles was a 6U CubeSat that was to demonstrate navigation in deep space using innovative plasma thrusters. It was also to test a software-defined radio operating in the S-band for communications from about 4 million kilometers from Earth. Team Miles was one of ten CubeSats launched with the Artemis 1 mission into a heliocentric orbit in cislunar space on the maiden flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), that took place on 16 November 2022. Team Miles was deployed but contact was not established with the spacecraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EQUULEUS</span> Japanese nanosatellite

EQUULEUS is a nanosatellite of the 6U CubeSat format that will measure the distribution of plasma that surrounds the Earth (plasmasphere) to help scientists understand the radiation environment in that region. It will also demonstrate low-thrust trajectory control techniques, such as multiple lunar flybys, within the Earth-Moon region using water steam as propellant. The spacecraft was designed and developed jointly by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the University of Tokyo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Artemis program</span> NASA-led lunar exploration program

The Artemis program is a Moon exploration program that is led by the United States' NASA and was formally established in 2017 via Space Policy Directive 1. The Artemis program is intended to reestablish a human presence on the Moon for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972. The program's stated long-term goal is to establish a permanent base on the Moon to facilitate human missions to Mars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EagleCam</span> CubeSat camera system to capture Odysseus landing

EagleCam is a deployable CubeSat camera system designed to capture the lunar landing of the Nova-C Odysseus lander on the Moon. Designed and manufactured by staff and students working in the Space Technologies Laboratory at Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, it was intended to deploy from Odysseus and take the first photographs of a spacecraft landing on the moon from a third-person perspective. It also planned to test an electrodynamic dust shield system in space for the first time and utilize a Wi-Fi connection to transmit data for the first time on the lunar surface.

References

  1. ↑ "OMOTENASHI". JAXA. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "OMOTENASHI" (PDF). JAXA. 29 October 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  3. 1 2 Roulette, Joey; Gorman, Steve (16 November 2022). "NASA's next-generation Artemis mission heads to moon on debut test flight". Reuters. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  4. ↑ "OMOTENASHI". 22 November 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Trajectory Design for the JAXA Moon Nano-Lander OMOTENASHI". Digital Commons. 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "Go To MOON! The World's Smallest Moon Lander: OMOTENASHI" (PDF). JAXA. 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  7. ↑ Clark, Stephen (12 October 2021). "Adapter structure with 10 CubeSats installed on top of Artemis moon rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  8. ↑ "Status of the JAXA CubeSats OMOTENASHI and EQUULEUS onboard Artemis I". JAXA. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  9. 1 2 "OMOTENASHI Project official JAXA Twitter message". JAXA. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  10. ↑ "International Partners Provide Science Satellites for America's Space Launch System Maiden Flight". NASA. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2021.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  11. ↑ "International Partners To Launch CubeSats On Orion Exploration Mission-1". Colaorado Space News. 26 May 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  12. ↑ "Status of the JAXA CubeSats OMOTENASHI and EQUULEUS onboard NASA Artemis I". Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  13. ↑ "JAXA Gives Up on Landing Omotenashi Probe on Moon Archived 28 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine ", Nippon.com, Nov 22, 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  14. ↑ "Editorial: Failure of OMOTENASHI Should Lead to New Lunar Landing Attempts", Japan Forward, 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  15. ↑ "JAXA's Ultra Small Lander OMOTENASHI Fails to Receive Transmissions from Earth".[ permanent dead link ]
  16. ↑ "OMOTENASHI twitter Update". Twitter. 22 November 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  17. ↑ "OMOTENASHI Twitter about future". Twitter (in Japanese). 22 November 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "OMOTENASHI" (PDF). JAXA. 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  19. 1 2 "OMOTENASHI - Mission Sequence". JAXA. 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.