Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program

Last updated

The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology in space by providing flight opportunities. It is managed by the JAXA Research and Development Directorate. According to JAXA, the goal of this program is to test high risk, innovative technology that will lead to the space industry gaining competitiveness in the international field. [1]

Contents

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1

1:10 scale model of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 payloads, RAPIS-1 at the top Artifacts at Tsukuba Space Center Space Dome exhibition hall 12.jpg
1:10 scale model of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 payloads, RAPIS-1 at the top

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 was the first mission in the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program. The mission included several spacecraft, the largest being RAPIS-1, along with six smaller satellites. The call for proposals was announced in 2015, and selection results were announced in February 2016. [2] A total of 14 projects were selected; however a proposal by IHI Corporation, the "Demonstration experiment of an innovative ship information receiving system" [2] was later dropped, dropping the number of projects reaching space to 13. Seven projects were tested on board RAPIS-1, either as parts or components. Three projects flew as microsatellites, and three more as CubeSats.

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 was successfully launched on 18 January 2019. [3] Payloads flown on the mission were tested in space for a year, and the operational data gained were given to the developers. The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 marked the first multi-satellite launch by Epsilon launch vehicle. [4]

ProjectTypeAgency
NBFPGAPart NEC Corporation
HXTX / XMGAComponent Keio University
 ?Component IHI Corporation
GPRCSComponent J-spacesystems
SPMComponentJ-spacesystems
DLASComponent Tokyo Institute of Technology
TMSAPComponent JAXA
FireantComponent Chubu University
MicroDragonMicrosatelliteKeio University
RISESATMicrosatellite Tohoku University
ALE-1MicrosatelliteALE Co., Ltd.
OrigamiSat-1CubeSatTokyo Institute of Technology
Aoba VELOX-IVCubeSat Kyushu Institute of Technology
NEXUSCubeSat Nihon University

RAPIS-1

RAPIS-1 (RAPid Innovative payload demonstration Satellite 1) is a satellite within Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 that demonstrated selected projects as either parts or components. Of the 13 projects, 7 were demonstrated on board RAPIS-1.

Payload on RAPIS-1

  • The NanoBridge based Field Programmable Gate Array (NBFPGA) was developed by NEC Corporation
  • High data rate X-band Transmitter (HXTX) / X-band Middle Gain Antenna (XMGA) was developed by Keio University
  • The Green Propellant Reaction Control System (GPRCS) was developed by Japan Space Systems
  • The Space Particle Monitor (SPM) was developed by Japan Space Systems
  • The Deep Learning Attitude Sensor (DLAS) was developed by Tokyo Institute of Technology
  • The Thin Membrane Solar Array Paddle (TMSAP) was developed by JAXA
  • Fireant (Miniature Spaceborne GNSS Receiver) was developed by Chubu University

MicroDragon

MicroDragon is a microsatellite proposal submitted by Takashi Maeno of Keio University. [2] It was developed by the VNSC (Vietnam National Satellite Center).

RISESAT

RISESAT components. University of the Philippines (UP) Risesat.jpg
RISESAT components.

Rapid International Scientific Experiment Satellite (RISESAT), previously called Hodoyoshi 2, was a microsatellite developed by Tohoku University. It was equipped with scientific instruments that were selected on an international scale. [5] RISESAT was selected for the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program to demonstrate highly precise attitude control and high resolution multispectral observation technology. RISESAT's high resolution multispectral camera was capable of measuring the growth rate and health of crops from space. [6] RISESAT's remote sensing instrument, High Precision Telescope (HPT) utilizes a liquid crystal tunable filter. [7] RISESAT decayed from orbit on 14 March 2023. [8]

ALE-1

ALE-1, also known as ALEe, was a microsatellite for demonstrating the creation of artificial shooting stars. Built and operated by ALE Co., Ltd., it was the company's first satellite. ALE-1 was equipped with a DOM2500 deorbit mechanism manufactured by Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd. [9] [10] The DOM2500 was a membrane sail 2.5 m × 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in × 8 ft 2 in) large when deployed, and was used by ALE-1 to lower its altitude to less than 400 km (250 mi), the optimal altitude to conduct its main mission. [11] However, ALE-1 failed to deploy its payload and remains in orbit. [12] [13] The DOM2500 reentered the atmosphere on 3 August 2022, [14] and ALE-1 is expected to re-enter the atmosphere in October 2023. [15]

OrigamiSat-1

OrigamiSat-1 (COSPAR 2019-003B, SATCAT 43933) was a 3U CubeSat developed by Tokyo Institute of Technology to demonstrate the deployment of large structures from a small, folded state. After being launched to an altitude of 500 km (310 mi), OrigamiSat-1 was designed to descend down to 400 km (250 mi), where it would deploy a 1m2 membrane. [16] The satellite decayed from orbit on 30 April 2022. [17]

Aoba VELOX-IV

Aoba VELOX-IV was a 2U CubeSat equipped with a low-light camera. It was jointly developed by Kyushu Institute of Technology in Japan and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) of Singapore. The pulsed plasma thrusters developed by NTU gave the CubeSat maneuvering capabilities, a necessity for a future lunar mission, as the Moon's irregular gravity field requires orbiters to perform orbit maintenance to extend its mission lifetime. [18] It had a design lifetime of 12 months in low Earth orbit. [19] The satellite decayed from orbit on 24 March 2023. [20]

NEXUS

NEXUS, short for NExt generation X Unique Satellite is a 1U CubeSat developed by Nihon University. An amateur radio satellite, it is equipped with a transmitter with half the power consumption and a data transmission rate per second 32 times larger than a traditional amateur radio transmitter. NEXUS will demonstrate packet radio in space. [21] The satellite decayed from orbit on 9 November 2023. [22]

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2

The call for proposals for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2, the second mission of the program, was announced in July 2018, and selection results were announced in December of the same year. [23] There are nine satellites launching on this mission: the RAISE-2 smallsat, four microsatellites and four CubeSats. The microsatellites HIBARI, Z-Sat and DRUMS are primarily for engineering tests. TeikyoSat-4, which was additionally selected in 2020, will conduct life science studies. The four CubeSats are ASTERISC, ARICA, NanoDragon, and KOSEN-1.

The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration 2 mission launched on 9 November 2021.

ProjectTypeAgency
SPRPart Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation
I-FOGComponentTamagawa Seiki Co., Ltd.
ASCComponentAmanogi, Corp.
3D-ANTComponent Mitsubishi Electric
ATCDComponent Tohoku University
MARINComponent JAXA
HIBARI Microsatellite Tokyo Institute of Technology
Z-SatMicrosatellite Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
DRUMS Microsatellite Kawasaki Heavy Industries
TeikyoSat-4Microsatellite Teikyo University
ASTERISC CubeSat Chiba Institute of Technology
ARICACubeSat Aoyama Gakuin University
Advanced OBC of NanoDragon CubeSat Meisei Electric
KOSEN-1 CubeSat National Institute of Technology, Kochi College

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3's call for proposals was announced in January 2020, and in May 2020 JAXA announced the selection of 14 themes. [24] On 22 January 2021, Shizuoka University's STARS-X microsatellite was additionally selected, bringing the total number of themes to 15. [25] Among the 15 themes seven were on board the RAISE-3 smallsat, three are microsatellites and five were CubeSats. Of the three microsatellites, KOYOH will conduct astronomical observation of transient sources, PETREL will demonstrate a multispectral camera, and STARS-X will extend a 1 km long tether and collect space debris. For the CubeSats, MAGNARO was to demonstrate formation flight, MITSUBA was to test the degrading of COTS semiconductor parts, KOSEN-2 was to collect marine observation data, and WASEDA-SAT-ZERO was to demonstrate an integrated satellite chassis.

On 19 April 2022, IHI Aerospace (IA), the manufacturer of Epsilon rocket announced that it signed a contract with iQPS for the launch of two satellites. IA said that the two satellites will be launched on the sixth launch of Epsilon. [26] In a subsequent press release JAXA announced that the two iQPS satellites will be launched together with Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, and that the three microsatellites originally manifested for the flight (KOYOH, PETREL, and STARS-X) will instead be launched on another rocket, which will be arranged by IA. [27] For IA, the contract with iQPS marked its first contract to launch a commercial satellite. IA was previously selected by JAXA as the launch service provider for Epsilon S, an upgraded version of Epsilon. IA described its contract with iQPS as a forerunner to commercial launches on Epsilon S. [26]

ProjectAgencyPlanned re-flight mission
LEOMI Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 4
SDRX NEC Space Technologies, Ltd. Did not prefer a re-flight
GEMINI Mitsubishi Electric 4
KIRPale Blue4
TMU-PPTAdvanced Technology Institute4
D-SAIL Axelspace  [ ja ]4
HELIOSSakase Adtech Co., Ltd.4
KOYOH Kanazawa University -
PETREL Tokyo Institute of Technology -
STARS-X Shizuoka University -
MAGNARO Nagoya University 4
MITSUBA Kyushu Institute of Technology 5
KOSEN-2 National Institute of Technology, Yonago College 4
WASEDA-SAT-ZERO Waseda University 4
FSI-SATFuture Science Institute4

Launches and results

The Epsilon rocket carrying Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3's RAISE-3 and five CubeSats was launched on 12 October 2022. The launch resulted in failure and all the payloads and the launch vehicle were destroyed. [28]

KOYOH was launched successfully aboard SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on 1 December 2023. [29]

Following the launch failure of the Epsilon rocket carrying RAISE-3 and the CubeSats selected for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, each of the projects were given a re-flight opportunity in subsequent missions, except NEC Space Technologies, Ltd.'s SDRX, which declined the offer. [30]

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4

The call for proposals for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4 was released by JAXA on 17 June 2022, [31] and in September 2022 three CubeSats, KOSEN-3, OrigamiSat-2 and Mono-Nikko were selected. [32]

ProjectAgency
LEOMI Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
GEMINI Mitsubishi Electric
KIR-XPale Blue
TMU-PPTAdvanced Technology Institute
D-SAIL Axelspace  [ ja ]
HELIOS-RSakase Adtech Co., Ltd.
CF-CAMMach Corporation
AIRIS Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
MAGNARO-II Nagoya University
KOSEN-2R National Institute of Technology, Yonago College
WASEDA-SAT-ZERO-II Waseda University
OrigamiSat-2 Tokyo Institute of Technology
Mono-NikkoDi-Nikko Engineering Co., Ltd.
Prelude Nihon University
ARICA-2 Aoyama Gakuin University

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-5

ProjectAgency
MITSUBA-R Kyushu Institute of Technology
KOSEN-3 National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College

See also

Related Research Articles

RAIKO is a Japanese satellite which was built and operated by Tohoku and Wakayama Universities. A two-unit CubeSat, RAIKO was deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) on 4 October 2012, having been launched on 21 July 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydroxylammonium nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Hydroxylammonium nitrate or hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [NH3OH]+[NO3]−. It is a salt derived from hydroxylamine and nitric acid. In its pure form, it is a colourless hygroscopic solid. It has potential to be used as a rocket propellant either as a solution in monopropellants or bipropellants. Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based propellants are a viable and effective solution for future green propellant-based missions, as it offers 50% higher performance for a given propellant tank compared to commercially used hydrazine.

The Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer (USEF) (財団法人無人宇宙実験システム研究開発機構) was a Japanese space agency, which was founded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1986. Unlike NASDA, ISAS, and NAL, it was not included in the JAXA organization, which was founded in 2003. The chairperson is Ichiro Taniguchi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epsilon (rocket)</span> JAXA small-lift rocket family

The Epsilon Launch Vehicle, or Epsilon rocket, is a Japanese solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific satellites. It is a follow-on project to the larger and more expensive M-V rocket which was retired in 2006. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) began developing the Epsilon in 2007. It is capable of placing a 590 kg payload into Sun-synchronous orbit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 6</span> 2016 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 6 (こうのとり6号機), also known as HTV-6, was the sixth flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched to resupply the International Space Station. It was launched at 13:26:47 UTC on 9 December 2016 aboard H-IIB launch vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</span> Japanese lunar lander mission

Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) is a lunar lander mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The lander's initial launch date in 2021 was postponed until 2023 due to delays in its rideshare, the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). On 6 September 2023 at 23:42 UTC, XRISM launched, and SLIM separated from it later that day.

TRICOM-1R, also known as Tasuki, was a Japanese nanosatellite that was launched during the SS-520-5 sounding rocket test launch on 3 February 2018, with a mission to conduct store and forward data relay and Earth observation using a set of cameras.

HIBARI is a space mission by Japan for a microsatellite that would test a new attitude control (orientation) method to achieve high accuracy pointing for its small telescope, and was launched on 9 November 2021 by an Epsilon launch vehicle as part of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program-2 mission. The key technology to be tested on HIBARI is called "Variable Shape Attitude Control" (VSAC), and it is based on reaction torque by rotating its four solar array paddles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAPIS-1</span>

RAPIS-1 is a satellite launched on 18 January 2019 which for over a year was used to test seven technology demonstration projects. RAPIS-1 was developed and operated by Axelspace Corporation, under the coordination of the Japanese space agency JAXA.

OPUSAT-II was a CubeSat developed by Osaka Prefecture University and Muroran Institute of Technology. OPUSAT-II was launched from Wallops Flight Facility on 20 February 2021, and was deployed from the International Space Station. The satellite was nicknamed HIROGARI, for a Japanese word meaning spread, or expand.

DRUMS is an experimental spacecraft that will test proximity operation near space debris. The microsatellite carries two 'mock space debris' which once deployed will be used as a target for demonstrating approach and contact.

ASTERISC is a nanosatellite developed by the Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC) at the Chiba Institute of Technology that will observe cosmic dust in low Earth orbit. It is built as 3U-sized CubeSat and will deploy a large membrane structure in space. ASTERISC was launched on 9 November 2021 by an Epsilon launch vehicle.

KOSEN-1 is a technology demonstration satellite that will test the deployment of an antenna for observing radio waves emitted from the planet Jupiter. It is a 2U CubeSat, and carries a 7 m (23 ft) antenna. The CubeSat was jointly developed by the National Institute of Technologies in Japan. National Institute of Technologies is known as 'kosen' in Japanese. KOSEN-1 was launched on 9 November 2021 by an Epsilon launch vehicle, as part of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2 mission.

RAISE-2 was a smallsat for technology demonstration, part of the Japanese space agency JAXA's Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program. RAISE-2 was launched on 9 November 2021 as the main satellite of Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2. RAISE-2 was developed by Mitsubishi Electric.

PETREL is a technology demonstration satellite being developed by Tokyo Institute of Technology. The microsatellite is equipped with a multispectral camera, which will be used to carry out two distinct missions. One mission is to survey the sky in ultraviolet wavelengths for the field of time-domain astronomy, and the other is to conduct spectroscopic observations of the Earth. PETREL was planned to be launched as part of the Japanese space agency JAXA's 2022 Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3 mission, but wasn't launched.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NanoDragon</span> Vietnamese artificial satellite

NanoDragon is a 3U CubeSat built by the Vietnam National Satellite Center (VNSC). NanoDragon will use its automatic identification system (AIS) receiver to monitor vessels, and will also test the accuracy of its attitude control using an optical imager. It carries an advanced OBC developed by Japan's Meisei Electric.

KITSUNE was a nanosatellite developed by the HAK consortium, which consists of Haradaseiki Kogyo, Addnics Corporation, and Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech). The spacecraft was a 6U CubeSat, and carried a high-resolution camera for Earth observation. KITSUNE was carried to the International Space Station (ISS) on board Cygnus NG-17, and was deployed from the ISS's Kibō Module on 24 March 2022 12:10 UTC. The deployment service of KITSUNE was provided by Mitsui Bussan Aerospace.

RAISE-3 is a smallsat for technology demonstration developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). Part of the Japanese space agency JAXA's Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program, RAISE-3 carried multiple technologies that were selected for in-orbit demonstration. RAISE-3 was launched on 12 October 2022 by an Epsilon rocket as the main satellite of Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, but the launch resulted in a failure and the satellite was lost.

Mitsuba was a nanosatellite developed by Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) which would have tested whether products that are not intended for use in space are still usable for satellites. Mitsuba was launched on 12 October 2022 by an Epsilon rocket, but the launch resulted in a failure and the satellite was lost.

KOSEN-2 is an educational nanosatellite jointly developed by eight schools of National Institute of Technology in Japan. The satellite would have tested IoT technologies in space. KOSEN-2 was launched on 12 October 2022 by an Epsilon rocket as part of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3 mission, but the launch resulted in a failure and the satellite was lost.

References

  1. ↑ 革新的衛星技術実証 1号機について (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 「革新的衛星技術実証1号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. February 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  3. ↑ "Launch Success, The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 aboard Epsilon-4" (Press release). JAXA. 18 January 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  4. ↑ "4号機の新規開発品について" (in Japanese). JAXA. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  5. ↑ Kuwahara, Toshinori (13 December 2011). "International Scientific Missions of Microsatellite RISESAT - Hodoyoshi2 -" (PDF). Nano-Satellite Symposium. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  6. ↑ 高分解能スペクトル観測技術を確立し、農林水産業のスマート化に貢献する (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  7. ↑ Kurihara, Junichi; Takahashi, Yukihiro (17 March 2014). 超小型衛星による先進的リモートセンシング (PDF) (in Japanese). Hokkaido University . Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  8. ↑ "RISESAT". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "膜展開式軌道離脱装置「DOM®」を搭載した超小型人工衛星 2 機がイプシロンロケット 4 号機によって打ち上げられます" (PDF) (Press release) (in Japanese). Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  10. ↑ "軌道離脱装置 「 DOM 」 De-Orbit Mechanism" (PDF) (in Japanese). Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  11. ↑ "膜展開式軌道離脱装置が第3回宇宙開発利用大賞「宇宙航空研究開発機構理事長賞」を受賞" (Press release) (in Japanese). Tohoku University. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  12. ↑ "ALE-1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  13. ↑ Wall, Mike (15 May 2020). "Japanese satellite filled with 'shooting star' pellets won't spawn artificial meteor shower after all". Space.com . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  14. ↑ "ALE-DOM". N2YO.com. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "Invitation to Participate in Pioneering ALE-1 Re-entry Observation Campaign". globalmeteornetwork.groups.io.
  16. ↑ Tomii, Tetsuo (21 April 2017). "超小型衛星が拓く・宇宙開発（１３）東工大−深宇宙探査へ高機能膜展開". Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  17. ↑ "ORIGAMISAT-1 (FO-98)". N2YO.com. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  18. ↑ Cordova-Alarcon, Jose Rodrigo (18 October 2016). "Overview of Aoba VELOX-IV Missions; Pulsed Plasma Thruster Attitude and Orbit Control and Earth-rim Night Image Capture for A Future Lunar Mission" (PDF). UNISEC . Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  19. ↑ "AOBA VELOX-IV". Nanyang Technological University. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  20. ↑ "AOBA-VELOX-IV". N2YO.com. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  21. ↑ Tomii, Tetsuo (24 February 2017). "超小型衛星が拓く・宇宙開発（６）日大−軌道上でパケット通信実証". Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  22. ↑ "NEXUS (FUJI-OSCAR 99)". N2YO.com. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  23. ↑ 「革新的衛星技術実証２号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  24. ↑ 「革新的衛星技術実証３号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  25. ↑ 「革新的衛星技術実証３号機のテーマ公募」追加選定結果について (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. 22 January 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  26. 1 2 "IHI AEROSPACE received its first commercial launch service order -Two commercial earth observation satellites manufactured by iQPS Inc., will be launched by Epsilon-" (Press release). IHI Corporation. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  27. ↑ イプシロンロケット6号機による民間小型SAR衛星の受託打上げ および革新的衛星技術実証3号機打上げスキームの一部変更について (in Japanese). JAXA. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  28. ↑ "JAXA's launch of its Epsilon-6 rocket ends in failure". The Asahi Shimbun. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  29. ↑ "Launch Results of KOYOH, Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstartion-3". JAXA. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  30. ↑ "革新的衛星技術実証２号機小型実証衛星２号機（RAISE-2）の成果について" (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  31. ↑ "革新的衛星技術実証プログラムに係る実証テーマの募集案内 （革新的衛星技術実証4号機）" (PDF) (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA . Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  32. ↑ "「革新的衛星技術実証4号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について" (in Japanese). RDD/JAXA. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.