Nano-JASMINE

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Nano-JASMINE
Nano-JASMINE.jpg
Nano-JASMINE satellite in the clean room of the Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory (ISSL)
NamesNano-Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for Infrared Exploration
Mission type Astrometric observatory
Operator National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Mission duration2 years (planned)
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer University of Tokyo,
Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory (ISSL)
Launch mass35 kg (77 lb)
Dimensions50.8 × 50.8 × 51.2 cm (20.0 × 20.0 × 20.2 in)
Power20 watts
Start of mission
Launch dateTBD
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric orbit
Regime Sun-synchronous orbit
Perigee altitude 800 km (500 mi)
Apogee altitude 800 km (500 mi)
Main telescope
Type Ritchey–Chrétien telescope [1]
Diameter5.25 cm (2.07 in) [2]
Focal length167 cm (66 in)
Wavelengths600–1000 nm
JASMINE program
(Small-)JASMINE →

The Nano-Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for Infrared Exploration (Nano-JASMINE) is an astrometric microsatellite developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, with contributions by the University of Tokyo's Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory (ISSL). As of 2015, the satellite was planned for launch together with CHEOPS (Characterizing Exoplanets Satellite) [3] [4] in 2019. [5] However, this launch took place in December 2019 without Nano-JASMINE as one of the three piggyback payloads. Some sources named 2022 as the launch year of the satellite. [6]

Contents

Spacecraft

Nano-JASMINE is a microsatellite measuring 50.8 × 50.8 × 51.2 cm (20.0 × 20.0 × 20.2 in) and weighing approximately 35 kg (77 lb). [1] It carries a small, 5.25 cm (2.07 in) Ritchey–Chrétien telescope that will make observations in the infrared spectrum, allowing for easier observation toward the centre of the Milky Way. [2] Its exterior is covered with Gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells providing approximately 20 watts of power. [1] Due to limited bandwidth, Nano-JASMINE will employ a Star Image Extractor (SIE) for onboard raw image processing that will extract and transmit only specific object data. [7]

Overview

Nano-JASMINE is Japan's first and the world's third astrometric survey spacecraft, following Hipparcos (1989) and Gaia (2013), both launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). It is the pathfinder in a planned series of three spacecraft of increasing size and capability; the second is (originally and officially still called "Small-JASMINE") with a 30 cm (12 in) telescope, and the third is JASMINE with an 80 cm (31 in) telescope. [8] [9]

The spacecraft is designed to have an astrometric accuracy (2–3 mas (milli-arcsecond) for stars brighter than 7.5 magnitude) comparable to Hipparcos (1 mas). Nano-JASMINE should be able to detect approximately four times the number of stars as Hipparcos. Given the time difference between these missions, combining the data sets of Nano-JASMINE and Hipparcos will constrain the positions of stars whose current positions are poorly known owing to uncertainty in their motion since being measured by Hipparcos, and should provide an order-of-magnitude increase in the accuracy of proper motion measurements (approximately 0.1 mas/year; 0.2 mas/year for stars brighter than 9 magnitude). [2]

Nano-JASMINE had been scheduled for launch aboard a Tsyklon-4 launch vehicle from the Brazilian Space Agency's Alcântara Launch Center (CLA). The launch was originally contracted for August 2011, [10] but was delayed to the November 2013 to March 2014 time frame. [2] [8] Various issues have held back its launch, first due to delays in both the construction of the launch site and development of the launch vehicle, and later due to Brazil backing out of the Tsyklon-4 partnership with Ukraine leading to the rocket's indefinite hold. [11] [12] In March 2015, talks to arrange a flight for Nano-JASMINE began between NAOJ and ESA. [3] It was to be launched as a piggyback payload with CHEOPS on a Soyuz launch vehicle [4] [13] in 2019. [5] [14] As of late 2020, the launch of Nano-JASMINE is foreseen in 2022.

Nano-JASMINE is to be succeeded by a larger spacecraft, JASMINE (formerly "Small-JASMINE"), which is planned to be launched in 2028 by an Epsilon launch vehicle. [15]

Related Research Articles

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Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.

<i>Hipparcos</i> European Space Agency scientific satellite

Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993. It was the first space experiment devoted to precision astrometry, the accurate measurement of the positions of celestial objects on the sky. This permitted the first high-precision measurements of the intrinsic brightnesses, proper motions, and parallaxes of stars, enabling better calculations of their distance and tangential velocity. When combined with radial velocity measurements from spectroscopy, astrophysicists were able to finally measure all six quantities needed to determine the motion of stars. The resulting Hipparcos Catalogue, a high-precision catalogue of more than 118,200 stars, was published in 1997. The lower-precision Tycho Catalogue of more than a million stars was published at the same time, while the enhanced Tycho-2 Catalogue of 2.5 million stars was published in 2000. Hipparcos' follow-up mission, Gaia, was launched in 2013.

<i>Gaia</i> (spacecraft) European optical space observatory for astrometry

Gaia is a space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 2013 and expected to operate until 2025. The spacecraft is designed for astrometry: measuring the positions, distances and motions of stars with unprecedented precision, and the positions of exoplanets by measuring attributes about the stars they orbit such as their apparent magnitude and color. The mission aims to construct by far the largest and most precise 3D space catalog ever made, totalling approximately 1 billion astronomical objects, mainly stars, but also planets, comets, asteroids and quasars, among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer</span> NASA satellite of the Explorer program

Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer was a NASA proposed astrometric satellite designed to determine with unprecedented accuracy the positions, distances, and motions of 40 million stars within our galactic neighborhood. This database was to allow astronomers to accurately determine the distance to all of the stars on this side of the Milky Way galaxy, detect large planets and planetary systems around stars within 1,000 light years of the Sun, and measure the amount of dark matter in the galaxy from its influence on stellar motions. It was to be a collaborative effort between the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) and several other institutions. FAME would have measured stellar positions to less than 50 microarcseconds. The NASA MIDEX mission was scheduled for launch in 2004. In January 2002, however, NASA abruptly cancelled this mission, mainly due to concerns about costs, which had grown from US$160 million initially to US$220 million.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</span> NASA satellite of the Explorer program

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly elliptical 13.70-day orbit around the Earth. The first light image from TESS was taken on 7 August 2018, and released publicly on 17 September 2018.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer</span>

Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE) was a NASA mission proposal for a space observatory operating in the Near-infrared spectrum for the Medium-Class Explorers program. The Principal Investigator was Mark Swain of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Space Agency Science Programme</span> Science programme

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Nano-JASMINE". eoPortal. European Space Agency. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Yamada, Yoshiyuki; Fujita, Sho; Gouda, Naoteru; et al. (February 2013). "Scientific goals of Nano-JASMINE". Advancing the Physics of Cosmic Distances, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 289: 429–432. Bibcode:2013IAUS..289..429Y. doi: 10.1017/S1743921312021886 .
  3. 1 2 Gouda, N. (15 September 2015). 小型JASMINE計画 (PDF). GOPIRA Symposium 2015 14–16 September 2015 Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese). Group of Optical and Infrared Astronomers. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  4. 1 2 Yamada, Yoshiyuki (2015). Gaia validation by Nano-JASMINE data (PDF). GENIUS Mid Term Review Meeting 20 November 2015 Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Exoplanet mission launch slot announced". ESA. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Gouda, Naoteru (2011). "Jasmine". Scholarpedia. 6 (10): 12021. Bibcode:2011SchpJ...612021G. doi: 10.4249/scholarpedia.12021 .
  7. ↑ Yamauchi, M.; Gouda, N.; Kobayashi, Y.; et al. (July 2008). "A Star Image Extractor for the Nano-JASMINE satellite". A Giant Step: From Milli- to Micro-arcsecond Astrometry, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 248: 294–295. Bibcode:2008IAUS..248..294Y. doi: 10.1017/S1743921308019388 .
  8. 1 2 Gouda, N.; et al. (29 August 2012). Present status of JASMINE projects (PDF). 28th International Astronomical Union General Assembly 20–31 August 2012 Beijing, China. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  9. ↑ "JASMINE mission" (PDF). Group of Optical and Infrared Astronomers. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  10. ↑ "Nano-JASMINE Launch Contract". University of Tokyo. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  11. ↑ Krebs, Gunter (28 February 2017). "Nano-JASMINE". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  12. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (16 April 2015). "Brazil Pulling Out of Ukrainian Cyclone-4 Launcher Project". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Bauer, Markus (11 July 2014). "CHEOPS exoplanet mission meets key milestones en route to 2017 launch". European Space Agency. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  14. ↑ "Ready for testing electromagnetic compatibility". CHEOPS. University of Berne. 14 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  15. ↑ "JASMINE（赤外線位置天文観測衛星）で拓く天の川中心核と地球型惑星の探査" [JASMINE (Infrared Astrometry Satellite) will pioneer the exploration of the Milky Way's core and terrestrial planets](PDF). NAOJ News (in Japanese). No. 332. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. 1 March 2021. p. 6. ISSN   0915-8863 . Retrieved 29 April 2021.
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