Luna 16

Last updated

References

  1. 1 2 Siddiqi, Asif (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (PDF) (second ed.). NASA History Program Office. ISBN   9781626830431.
  2. 1 2 3 Solar System Log by Andrew Wilson (pp.60–63), Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1987, ISBN   0 7106 0444 0
  3. "Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration" (PDF). p. 314. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-29.
  4. Burrows, William E. (1999). This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age. Modern Library. p. 432. ISBN   0-375-75485-7.
  5. Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (PDF). The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, DC: NASA History Program Office. p. 1. ISBN   9781626830424. LCCN   2017059404. SP2018-4041.
  6. Pillinger, Colin Trevor; Gowar, A.P (4 January 1977). "The separation and subdivision of two 0.5g samples of lunar soil collected by the Luna 16 and 20 missions" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 284 (1319): 137–143. Bibcode:1977RSPTA.284..137P. doi:10.1098/rsta.1977.0003. S2CID   119730403.
  7. "NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft – Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  8. "NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  9. "NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  10. Van Gelder, Lawrence (2 December 1995). "F.B.I. Revisits Earthly Theft of Moon Rock". The New York Times. p. 24.
  11. "THE ONLY KNOWN DOCUMENTED SAMPLES OF THE MOON AVAILABLE FOR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP". Sothebys.com. 29 November 2018.
Luna 16
Luna 16.jpg
Luna 16
Mission type Lunar sample return
OperatorSoviet space program
COSPAR ID 1970-072A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 4527
Mission duration12 days
Spacecraft properties
Bus Ye-8-5
Manufacturer GSMZ Lavochkin
Launch mass5,725 kg (12,621 lb) [1]
Landing mass1,880 kg (4,140 lb) [2]
Start of mission
Launch date12 September 1970, 13:25:52 (1970-09-12UTC13:25:52Z) UTC [1]
Rocket Proton-K/D
Launch site Baikonur 81/23
End of mission
Landing date24 September 1970, 05:25 (1970-09-24UTC05:26Z) UTC
Landing site 47°24′N68°36′E / 47.400°N 68.600°E / 47.400; 68.600 [3]
Orbital parameters
Reference system Selenocentric
Semi-major axis 6,488.8 km (4,032.0 mi)
Eccentricity 0
Periselene altitude 111 km (69 mi)
Aposelene altitude 111 km (69 mi)
Inclination 70°
Period 119 minutes
Epoch 18 September 1970
Lunar orbiter
Orbital insertion17 September 1970
Orbits~36