This is a chronological list of expeditions to the Salyut space stations. Initially these expeditions were not numbered, however the crews of Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 were numbered EO-n, where n is sequentially increased with each expedition to that particular station. Taxi crews are excluded from this list (see List of human spaceflights to Salyut space stations for details). Salyut commanders are listed in italics. "Duration" refers to the crew and does not always correspond to "Flight up" or "Flight down". Missions which failed to reach or dock with the station are highlighted in red.
The Salyut programme was a series of Soviet space stations launched during the 1970s and 1980s. Six Salyut space stations were crewed, whilst a number of other stations were not, either due to failures, or because they were prototypes and not designed to be crewed. Crewed flights as part of the Salyut programme ended in 1986, when Salyut was superseded by the Mir space station.
Expedition | Crew | Launch (GMT) | Flight up | Landing (GMT) | Flight down | Duration (days) | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov | 23 April 1971 23:54 | Soyuz 10 | 25 April 1971 23:40 | Soyuz 10 | 2.01 | Failed to dock |
— | Georgi Dobrovolski Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev | 6 June 1971 07:55 | Soyuz 11 | 30 June 1971 02:16 | Soyuz 11 | 23.76 | Crew killed during reentry |
— | Pavel Popovich Yuri Artyukhin | 3 July 1974 18:51 | Soyuz 14 | 19 July 1974 12:21 | Soyuz 14 | 15.73 | |
— | Gennadi Sarafanov Lev Dyomin | 26 August 1974 19:58 | Soyuz 15 | 28 August 1974 20:10 | Soyuz 15 | 2.01 | Failed to dock |
— | Aleksei Gubarev Georgi Grechko | 11 January 1975 21:43 | Soyuz 17 | 10 February 1975 11:03 | Soyuz 17 | 29.56 | |
— | Vasily Lazarev Oleg Makarov | 5 April 1975 11:04 | Soyuz 7K-T #39 | 5 April 1975 11:26 | Soyuz 7K-T #39 | 0.02 | Failed to orbit |
— | Pyotr Klimuk Vitali Sevastyanov | 24 May 1975 14:58 | Soyuz 18 | 26 July 1975 14:18 | Soyuz 18 | 62.97 | |
— | Boris Volynov Vitaly Zholobov | 6 July 1976 12:08 | Soyuz 21 | 24 August 1976 18:32 | Soyuz 21 | 49.27 | |
— | Vyacheslav Zudov Valery Rozhdestvensky | 14 October 1976 17:39 | Soyuz 23 | 16 October 1976 17:45 | Soyuz 23 | 2.00 | Failed to dock |
— | Viktor Gorbatko Yuri Glazkov | 7 February 1977 16:11 | Soyuz 24 | 25 February 1977 09:38 | Soyuz 24 | 17.73 | |
— | Vladimir Kovalyonok Valery Ryumin | 9 November 1977 02:40 | Soyuz 25 | 11 November 1977 03:25 | Soyuz 25 | 2.03 | Failed to dock |
EO-1 | Yury Romanenko Georgy Grechko | 10 December 1977 01:18 | Soyuz 26 | 16 March 1978 11:18 | Soyuz 27 | 96.42 | |
EO-2 | Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | 15 June 1978 20:16 | Soyuz 29 | 2 November 1978 11:04 | Soyuz 31 | 139.62 | |
EO-3 | Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Ryumin | 25 February 1979 11:53 | Soyuz 32 | 19 August 1979 12:29 | Soyuz 34 | 175.02 | Soyuz 33 engine failure |
EO-4 | Leonid Popov Valery Ryumin | 9 April 1980 13:38 | Soyuz 35 | 11 October 1980 09:49 | Soyuz 37 | 184.84 | first Vietnamese cosmonaut |
EO-5 | Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennady Strekalov | 27 November 1980 14:18 | Soyuz T-3 | 10 December 1980 09:26 | Soyuz T-3 | 12.80 | |
EO-6 | Vladimir Kovalyonok Viktor Savinykh | 12 March 1981 19:00 | Soyuz T-4 | 26 May 1981 12:37 | Soyuz T-4 | 74.73 | |
EO-1 | Anatoli Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev | 13 May 1982 09:58 | Soyuz T-5 | 10 December 1982 19:02 | Soyuz T-7 | 211.38 | |
— | Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov | 20 April 1983 13:10 | Soyuz T-8 | 22 April 1983 13:28 | Soyuz T-8 | 2.01 | Failed to dock |
EO-2 | Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov | 27 June 1983 09:12 | Soyuz T-9 | 23 November 1983 19:58 | Soyuz T-9 | 149.45 | |
EO-3 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov | 8 February 1984 12:07 | Soyuz T-10 | 2 October 1984 10:57 | Soyuz T-11 | 236.95 | |
EO-4 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov | 6 June 1985 06:39 | Soyuz T-13 | 26 September 1985 09:51 | Soyuz T-13 | 112.13 | |
Viktor Savinykh | 21 November 1985 10:31 | Soyuz T-14 | 168.16 | ||||
Vladimir Vasyutin Aleksandr Volkov | 17 September 1985 12:38 | Soyuz T-14 | 64.91 | ||||
EO-5 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 13 March 1986 12:33 | Soyuz T-15 | 16 July 1986 12:34 | Soyuz T-15 | 125.00 | Also visited Mir as Mir EO-1 |
Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
Salyut 2 (OPS-1) was a Soviet space station which was launched in 1973 as part of the Salyut programme. It was the first Almaz military space station to fly. Within two weeks of its launch, the station had lost altitude control and depressurized, leaving it unusable. Its orbit decayed and it re-entered the atmosphere on 28 May 1973, without any crews having visited it.
The Almaz program was a highly secret Soviet military space station program, begun in the early 1960s.
Soyuz T-15 was a crewed mission to the Mir and Salyut 7 space stations and was part of the Soyuz programme. It marked the final flight of the Soyuz-T spacecraft, the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, which had been in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. This mission marked the first time that a spacecraft visited, and docked with, two space stations in the same mission.
Progress 1, was a Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It was the maiden flight of the Progress spacecraft, and used the Progress 7K-TG configuration. It carried supplies for the EO-1 crew aboard Salyut 6, which consisted of Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Romanenko and Georgy Grechko. The cargo carried by Progress 1 also included equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Progress M1-1 was a Progress spacecraft which was launched by Russia in 2000 to resupply the Mir space station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 250. It was the first flight of the Progress-M1, a derivative of the Progress-M originally designed for resupplying the International Space Station, which was optimised for the transportation of fuel over pressurised cargo.
Progress M1-2 was a Progress spacecraft which was launched by Russia in 2000 to resupply the Mir space station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 252.
Progress 7K-TG, was a Soviet uncrewed spacecraft used to resupply space stations in low Earth orbit. Forty three flew, delivering cargo to Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir. It was the first version of the Progress spacecraft to fly, and spawned later derivatives including the Progress-M which replaced it, and the later Progress-M1.
Progress M-8 was a Soviet uncrewed cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1991 to resupply the Mir space station. The twenty-sixth of sixty four Progress spacecraft to visit Mir, it used the Progress-M 11F615A55 configuration, and had the serial number 207. It carried supplies including food, water and oxygen for the EO-9 crew aboard Mir, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres. It also carried the Naduvaniy Hazovoy Ballon satellite, which was subsequently deployed from Mir.
Progress M-16 was a Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1993 to resupply the Mir space station. The thirty-fourth of sixty-four Progress spacecraft to visit Mir, it used the Progress-M 11F615A55 configuration, and had the serial number 216. It carried supplies including food, water and oxygen for the EO-13 crew aboard Mir, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Progress 2 was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the second Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Progress 3 was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the third Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.