This is a chronological list of spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term ISS crew, short term visitors, replacement/rescue missions and mixed human/cargo missions. Uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station for details). ISS crew members are listed in bold. "Time docked" refers to the spacecraft and does not always correspond to the crew.
As of 30 May 2023 [ref] , 269 people from 21 countries had visited the space station, many of them multiple times. The United States sent 163 people, Russia sent 57, 11 were Japanese, nine were Canadian, five were Italian, four were French, four were German, two from the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia and one each from Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Israel, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. [1]
U.S. Space Shuttle missions were capable of carrying more humans and cargo than the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, resulting in more U.S. short-term human visits until the Space Shuttle program was discontinued in 2011. Between 2011 and 2020, Soyuz was the sole means of human transport to the ISS, delivering mostly long-term crew. Russian cargo deliveries have been exclusively carried out by the uncrewed missions of Progress spacecraft, requiring fewer human spaceflights.[ citation needed ]
Continued international collaboration on ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia, [2] but are still continuing as of 2024.
ISS flight | Mission | Crew | Crew photo | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 2A | STS-88 ![]() Endeavour Launch: December 4, 1998 Time docked: 6 days 18h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Unity Module 3 spacewalks |
2. | 2A.1 | STS-96 ![]() Discovery Launch: May 27, 1999 Time docked: 5 days 18h | ![]() | ![]() | 1 spacewalk |
3. | 2A.2a | STS-101 ![]() Atlantis Launch: May 19, 2000 Time docked: 5 days 18h | ![]() | ![]() | Boost orbit ~30 km 1 spacewalk |
4. | 2A.2b | STS-106 ![]() Atlantis Launch: September 8, 2000 Time docked: 7 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | 1 spacewalk |
5. | 3A | STS-92 ![]() Discovery Launch: October 11, 2000 Time docked: 6 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Z1 Truss 4 spacewalks |
6. | 2R | Soyuz TM-31 ![]() Launch: October 31, 2000 Time docked: ~183 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 1 crew, the first long-duration stay. |
7. | 4A | STS-97 ![]() Endeavour Launch: November 30, 2000 Time docked: 6 days 23h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver P6 Truss 3 spacewalks |
8. | 5A | STS-98 ![]() Atlantis Launch: February 7, 2001 Time docked: 6 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Destiny Laboratory 3 spacewalks |
9. | 5A.1 | STS-102 ![]() Discovery Launch: March 8, 2001 Time docked: 8 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 2 crew Return Expedition 1 crew |
10. | 6A | STS-100 ![]() Endeavour Launch: April 19, 2001 Time docked: 8 days 3h | ![]() | ![]() | Use MPLM Deliver Canadarm2 |
11. | 2S | Soyuz TM-32 ![]() Launch: April 28, 2001 Time docked: ~183 days | ![]() | ![]() | All three crew returned on Soyuz TM-31 after a week |
12. | 7A | STS-104 ![]() Atlantis Launch: July 12, 2001 Time docked: 8 days 1h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Quest Joint Airlock 3 spacewalks |
13. | 7A.1 | STS-105 ![]() Discovery Launch: August 10, 2001 Time docked: 9 days 20h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 3 crew Return Expedition 2 crew |
14. | 3S | Soyuz TM-33 ![]() Launch: October 21, 2001 Time docked: ~193 days | ![]() | ![]() | All three crew members returned on Soyuz TM-32 after 9 days 18 hours. |
15. | UF-1 | STS-108 ![]() Endeavour Launch: December 5, 2001 Time docked: 7 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 4 crew Return Expedition 3 crew |
16. | 8A | STS-110 ![]() Atlantis Launch: April 8, 2002 Time docked: 7 days 2h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver S0 Truss 4 spacewalks |
17. | 4S | Soyuz TM-34 ![]() Launch: April 25, 2002 Time docked: ~196 days | ![]() | ![]() | All three crew returned on Soyuz TM-33 after 8 days |
18. | UF-2 | STS-111 ![]() Endeavour Launch: June 5, 2002 Time docked: 7 days 22h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 5 crew Return Expedition 4 crew |
19. | 9A | STS-112 ![]() Atlantis Launch: October 7, 2002 Time docked: 6 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver S1 Truss 3 spacewalks |
20. | 5S | Soyuz TMA-1 ![]() Launch: October 30, 2002 Time docked: ~183 days | ![]() | ![]() | All three crew returned on Soyuz TM-34 after a week |
21. | 11A | STS-113 ![]() Endeavour Launch: November 24, 2002 Time docked: 6 days 22h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 6 crew Return Expedition 5 crew |
Note: The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred on February 1, 2003, grounding the Space Shuttle fleet until July 2005. Major ISS construction was suspended, and resumed in September 2006 with STS-115. | |||||
22. | 6S | Soyuz TMA-2 ![]() Launch: April 28, 2003 Time docked: ~182 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 7 crew The Expedition 6 crew returned in Soyuz TMA-1 a few days later |
23. | 7S | Soyuz TMA-3 ![]() Launch: October 18, 2003 Time docked: ~192 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 8 crew Duque returned with the Expedition 7 crew on Soyuz TMA-2 a few days later |
24. | 8S | Soyuz TMA-4 ![]() Launch: April 19, 2004 Time docked: ~185 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 9 crew Kuipers returned with the Expedition 8 crew on Soyuz TMA-3 9 days later |
25. | 9S | Soyuz TMA-5 ![]() Launch: October 14, 2004 Time docked: ~190 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 10 crew Shargin returned with the Expedition 9 crew on Soyuz TMA-4 a few days later |
26. | 10S | Soyuz TMA-6 Launch: April 15, 2005 Time docked: ~179 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 11 crew Vittori returned with the Expedition 10 crew on Soyuz TMA-5 a few days later |
27. | LF1 | STS-114 ![]() Discovery Launch: July 26, 2005 Time docked: 8 days 20h | ![]() | ![]() | Return to flight mission Use MPLM |
28. | 11S | Soyuz TMA-7 Launch: October 1, 2005 Time docked: ~189 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 12 crew Olsen returned with the Expedition 11 crew on Soyuz TMA-6 a few days later |
29. | 12S | Soyuz TMA-8 Launch: March 30, 2006 Time docked: ~180 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 13 crew Pontes returned with the Expedition 12 crew on Soyuz TMA-7 9 days later |
30. | ULF1.1 | STS-121 ![]() Discovery Launch: July 4, 2006 Time docked: 8 days 19h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Reiter for Expedition 13 crew Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
31. | 12A | STS-115 ![]() Atlantis Launch: September 9, 2006 Time docked: 6 days 2h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver P3/4 truss Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
32. | 13S | Soyuz TMA-9 Launch: September 18, 2006 Time docked: ~215 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 14 crew Ansari returned with the Expedition 13 crew on Soyuz TMA-8 8 days later |
33. | 12A.1 | STS-116 ![]() Discovery Launch: December 10, 2006 Time docked: 7 days 23h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Williams for Expedition 14 crew Deliver P5 truss |
34. | 14S | Soyuz TMA-10 Launch: April 7, 2007 Time docked: ~196 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 15 crew Simonyi returned with the Expedition 14 crew on Soyuz TMA-9 12 days later |
35. | 13A | STS-117 ![]() Atlantis Launch: June 8, 2007 Time docked: 8 days 19h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Anderson for Expedition 15 crew Deliver S3/4 truss |
36. | 13A.1 | STS-118 ![]() Endeavour Launch: August 8, 2007 Time docked: 8 days 18h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver S5 Truss Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
37. | 15S | Soyuz TMA-11 Launch: October 10, 2007 Time docked: ~189 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 16 crew Shukor returned with the Expedition 15 crew on Soyuz TMA-10 a few days later |
38. | 10A | STS-120 ![]() Discovery Launch: October 23, 2007 Time docked: 10 days 22h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Tani for Expedition 16 crew Deliver Harmony Module |
39. | 1E | STS-122 ![]() Atlantis Launch: February 7, 2008 Time docked: 8 days 16h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Eyharts for Expedition 16 crew Deliver Columbus module |
40. | 1J/A | STS-123 ![]() Endeavour Launch: March 11, 2008 Time docked: 11 days 21h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Reisman for Expedition 16 crew Deliver Kibō Experiment Logistics Module and Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator |
41. | 16S | Soyuz TMA-12 Launch: April 8, 2008 Time docked: ~198 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 17 crew Yi returned with the Expedition 16 crew on Soyuz TMA-11 a few days later |
42. | 1J | STS-124 ![]() Discovery Launch: May 31, 2008 Time docked: 8 days 17h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Chamitoff for Expedition 17 crew Deliver Kibō Pressurized Module & Remote Manipulator System |
43. | 17S | Soyuz TMA-13 Launch: October 12, 2008 Time docked: ~164 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 18 crew Garriott returned with the Expedition 17 crew on Soyuz TMA-12 a few days later |
44. | ULF2 | STS-126 ![]() Endeavour Launch: November 15, 2008 Time docked: 11 days 16h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Magnus for Expedition 18 crew Use MPLM |
45. | 15A | STS-119 ![]() Discovery Launch: March 15, 2009 Time docked: 8 days 22h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Wakata for Expedition 18 crew Deliver S6 truss |
46. | 18S | Soyuz TMA-14 Launch: March 26, 2009 Time docked: ~197 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 19 crew Simonyi returned with the Expedition 18 crew on Soyuz TMA-13 a few days later |
47. | 19S | Soyuz TMA-15 Launch: May 27, 2009 Time docked: ~186 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 20 crew |
48. | 2J/A | STS-127 ![]() Endeavour Launch: July 15, 2009 Time docked: 11 days 1h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Kopra for Expedition 20 crew Deliver Kibō Exposed Facility & Logistics Module Exposed Section |
49. | 17A | STS-128 ![]() Discovery Launch: August 29, 2009 Time docked: 9 days 19h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Stott for Expedition 20 crew Use MPLM |
50. | 20S | Soyuz TMA-16 Launch: September 30, 2009 Time docked: ~167 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 21 crew Laliberté returned with the Expedition 20 crew on Soyuz TMA-14 a few days later |
51. | ULF3 | STS-129 ![]() Atlantis Launch: November 16, 2009 Time docked: 6 days 17h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver ELC1 and ELC2 Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
52. | 21S | Soyuz TMA-17 Launch: December 20, 2009 Time docked: ~162 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 22 crew |
53. | 20A | STS-130 ![]() Endeavour Launch: February 8, 2010 Time docked: 9 days 19h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Node 3 and Cupola Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
54. | 22S | Soyuz TMA-18 Launch: April 2, 2010 Time docked: ~174 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 23 crew |
55. | 19A | STS-131 ![]() Discovery Launch: April 5, 2010 Time docked: 10 days 5h | ![]() | ![]() | Use MPLM Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
56. | ULF4 | STS-132 ![]() Atlantis Launch: May 14, 2010 Time docked: 7 days 1h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Mini-Research Module 1 Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
57. | 23S | Soyuz TMA-19 Launch: June 15, 2010 Time docked: ~162 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 24 crew |
58. | 24S | Soyuz TMA-01M Launch: October 7, 2010 Time docked: ~158 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 25 crew |
59. | 25S | Soyuz TMA-20 Launch: December 15, 2010 Time docked: ~158 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 26 crew |
60. | ULF5 | STS-133 ![]() Discovery Launch: February 24, 2011 Time docked: 8 days 14h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver ELC4 Deliver PMM |
61. | 26S | Soyuz TMA-21 Launch: April 4, 2011 Time docked: ~162 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 27 crew |
62. | ULF6 | STS-134 ![]() Endeavour Launch: May 16, 2011 Time docked: 11 days 18h | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Deliver ELC3 |
63. | 27S | Soyuz TMA-02M Launch: June 7, 2011 Time docked: ~165 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 28 crew |
64. | ULF7 | STS-135 ![]() Atlantis Launch: July 8, 2011 Time docked: 8 days 15h | ![]() | ![]() | Use MPLM Space Shuttle inspection from ISS |
65. | 28S | Soyuz TMA-22 Launch: November 14, 2011 Time docked: ~163 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 29 crew |
66. | 29S | Soyuz TMA-03M Launch: December 21, 2011 Time docked: ~193 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 30 crew |
67. | 30S | Soyuz TMA-04M Launch: May 15, 2012 Time docked: ~123 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 31 crew |
68. | 31S | Soyuz TMA-05M Launch: July 15, 2012 Time docked: ~125 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 32 crew |
69. | 32S | Soyuz TMA-06M Launch: October 23, 2012 Time docked: ~142 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 33 crew |
70. | 33S | Soyuz TMA-07M Launch: December 19, 2012 Time docked: ~145 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 34 crew |
71. | 34S | Soyuz TMA-08M Launch: March 28, 2013 Time docked: ~166 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 35 crew |
72. | 35S | Soyuz TMA-09M Launch: May 28, 2013 Time docked: ~166 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 36 crew |
73. | 36S | Soyuz TMA-10M Launch: September 25, 2013 Time docked: ~166 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 37 crew |
74. | 37S | Soyuz TMA-11M Launch: November 7, 2013 Time docked: ~187 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 38 crew |
75. | 38S | Soyuz TMA-12M Launch: March 25, 2014 Time docked: ~167 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 39 crew |
76. | 39S | Soyuz TMA-13M Launch: May 28, 2014 Time docked: ~165 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 40 crew |
77. | 40S | Soyuz TMA-14M Launch: September 25, 2014 Time docked: ~166 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 41 crew |
78. | 41S | Soyuz TMA-15M Launch: November 23, 2014 Time docked: ~199 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 42 crew |
79. | 42S | Soyuz TMA-16M Launch: 27 March 2015 Time docked: ~168 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 43 crew. Korniyenko and Kelly returned on Soyuz TMA-18M after a year-long stay on ISS. |
80. | 43S | Soyuz TMA-17M Launch: 22 July 2015 Time docked: ~141 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 44 crew |
81. | 44S | Soyuz TMA-18M Launch: 2 September 2015 Time docked: ~180 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 45 crew Mogensen and Aimbetov returned with the Expedition 44 crew on Soyuz TMA-16M a few days later |
82. | 45S | Soyuz TMA-19M Launch: 15 December 2015 Time docked: ~185 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 46 crew |
83. | 46S | Soyuz TMA-20M Launch: 18 March 2016 Time docked: ~171 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 47 crew Final TMA-M flight |
84. | 47S | Soyuz MS-01 Launch: 7 July 2016 Time docked: ~113 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 48 crew First Soyuz MS flight |
85. | 48S | Soyuz MS-02 Launch: 19 October 2016 Time docked: ~171 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 49 crew |
86. | 49S | Soyuz MS-03 Launch: 17 November 2016 Time docked: ~194 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 50 crew. Whitson returned on Soyuz MS-04 after a ten-month mission |
87. | 50S | Soyuz MS-04 Launch: 20 April 2017 Time docked: ~135 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 51 crew |
88. | 51S | Soyuz MS-05 Launch: 28 July 2017 Time docked: ~139 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 52 crew |
89. | 52S | Soyuz MS-06 Launch: 12 September 2017 Time docked: ~168 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 53 crew |
90. | 53S | Soyuz MS-07 Launch: 17 December 2017 Time docked: ~166 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 54 crew |
91. | 54S | Soyuz MS-08 Launch: 21 March 2018 Time docked: ~194 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 55 crew |
92. | 55S | Soyuz MS-09 Launch: 6 June 2018 Time docked: ~194 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 56 crew |
94. | 57S | Soyuz MS-11 Launch: 3 December 2018 Time docked: ~203 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 57 crew |
95. | 58S | Soyuz MS-12 Launch: 14 March 2019 Time docked: ~202 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 59 crew, Koch returned onboard Soyuz MS-13 after a nine-month mission. |
96. | 59S | Soyuz MS-13 Launch: 20 July 2019 Time docked: ~201 days | ![]() | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 60 crew, Morgan returned on board Soyuz MS-15 after a nine-month mission, and Koch filled his seat for the return trip, after completing a nine-month mission. |
97. | 61S | Soyuz MS-15 Launch: 25 September 2019 Time docked: ~204 days | ![]() | Deliver Expedition 61 crew; Al Mansouri returned to Earth with the departing Soyuz MS-12 capsule. Morgan took Al Mansouri's seat on the MS-15 return flight after a nine-month mission. | |
98. | 62S | Soyuz MS-16 Launch: 9 April 2020 Time docked: ~195 days | ![]() | Deliver 3 members of the Expedition 62 crew | |
99. | TBA | SpaceX Demo-2 ![]() Launch: 30 May 2020 Time docked: | ![]() | Crewed test flight of the SpaceX Dragon 2 spacecraft. Both members take part in Expedition 63. | |
100. | 63S | Soyuz MS-17 Launch: 14 October 2020 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 members of the Expedition 63 crew. | |
101. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-1 ![]() Launch: 16 November 2020 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight, members of the Expedition 64 crew; first operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
102. | 64S | Soyuz MS-18 Launch: 9 April 2021 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 members of the Expedition 65 crew. Vande Hei and Dubrov returned onboard Soyuz MS-19 after a year-long mission. | |
103. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-2 ![]() Launch: 23 April 2021 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight, members of the Expedition 65 crew; second operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
104. | 65S | Soyuz MS-19 Launch: 5 October 2021 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 1 Russian cosmonaut, who was also a part of Expedition 65/66 crew, and 2 spaceflight participants on a movie project, The Challenge (Vyzov). | |
105. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-3 ![]() Launch: 11 November 2021 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight, members of the Expedition 66 crew; fourth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
106. | 66S | Soyuz MS-20 Launch: 8 December 2021 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 1 Russian cosmonaut and 2 Japanese space tourists for a short duration flight. | |
107. | 67S | Soyuz MS-21 Launch: 18 March 2022 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 members for an Expedition. | |
108. | TBA | Ax-1 Launch: 8 April 2022 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 1 astronaut and 3 space tourists to the ISS for a ten-day flight; fifth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
109. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-4 ![]() Launch: 27 April 2022 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; sixth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
110. | 68S | Soyuz MS-22 Launch: 21 September 2022 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 members for an Expedition. Launched crewed, landed uncrewed. Crew were returned by uncrewed Soyuz MS-23. | |
111. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-5 ![]() Launch: 5 October 2022 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; seventh operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
113. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-6 ![]() Launch: 2 March 2023 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; eighth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
114. | TBA | Ax-2 Launch: 21 May 2023 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 astronauts and 1 space tourist to the ISS for a ten-day flight; ninth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
116. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-7 ![]() Launch: 26 August 2023 [5] Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; tenth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
117. | 70S | Soyuz MS-24 Launch: 15 September 2023 Time docked: | ![]() | Deliver 3 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight. Kononenko and Chub will return onboard Soyuz MS-25 after a year-long mission. | |
118. | TBA | Ax-3 Launch: 18 January 2024 Time docked: | ![]() | Short missions to ISS |
ISS flight | Mission | Crew | Crew photo | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
119. | TBA | SpaceX Crew-8 ![]() Launch: 4 March 2024 | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; eleventh operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
120. | 71S | Soyuz MS-25 Launch: 23 March 2024 [9] | ![]() | Deliver 1 astronaut to the ISS for a six-month flight. Oleg Novitsky and Belarusian cosmonaut Marina Vasilevskaya returned to Earth after 13 days. | |
121. | TBA | Boeing Crew Flight Test Launch: 5 June 2024 | ![]() | Crewed test flight of Boeing Starliner spacecraft. [11] |
ISS flight | Mission | Crew | Crew photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
122. | Soyuz MS-26 Launch: 11 September 2024 | Deliver 3 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight. | ||
123. | SpaceX Crew-9 ![]() Launch: NET 24 September 2024 | ![]() | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; twelfth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | |
124. | SpaceX Crew-10 Launch: NET February 2025 | Deliver 4 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight; twelfth operational flight of Crew Dragon. | ||
125. | Soyuz MS-27 Launch: March 2025 | Deliver 3 astronauts to the ISS for a six-month flight. | ||
126. | Ax-4 Launch: NET Q2 2025 | Short missions to the ISS. | ||
127. | Boeing Starliner-1 Launch: August 2025 | Deliver 4 members of a future expedition crew; first operational mission of the CST-100 Starliner capsule. [11] |
ISS flight | Mission | Crew | Crew photo | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
112. | 69S | Soyuz MS-23 Launch: 24 February 2023 Time docked: 215 days | ![]() | Launched uncrewed but landed with Soyuz MS-22 crew. Their spacecraft was deemed unfit for landing and thus was returned uncrewed and Soyuz MS-23 launched as its replacement. The cause was a 0.8 mm-diameter (0.031 in) hole punctured in the radiator of Soyuz MS-22 due to micro-meteorite impact. All coolant in the radiator leaked out. [14] |
ISS flight | Mission | Crew | Crew photo | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
93. | 56S | Soyuz MS-10 Launch: October 2018 Time Docked: Aborted after launch failure | ![]() | Failed launch while detaching boosters leading to an abort. The crew performed a ballistic reentry. [15] |
Human spaceflight is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement. People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts, cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese); and non-professionals are referred to as spaceflight participants or spacefarers.
Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory.
Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian Progress spacecraft, European Automated Transfer Vehicles, Japanese Kounotori vehicles, and the American Dragon and Cygnus spacecraft. The primary docking system for Progress spacecraft is the automated Kurs system, with the manual TORU system as a backup. ATVs also use Kurs, however they are not equipped with TORU. The other spacecraft — the Japanese HTV, the SpaceX Dragon and the Northrop Grumman Cygnus — rendezvous with the station before being grappled using Canadarm2 and berthed at the nadir port of the Harmony or Unity module for one to two months. Progress, Cygnus and ATV can remain docked for up to six months. Under CRS phase 2, Cargo Dragon docks autonomously at IDA-2 or 3 as the case may be. As of December 2022, Progress spacecraft have flown most of the uncrewed missions to the ISS.
Spacecraft call signs are radio call signs used for communication in crewed spaceflight. These are not formalized or regulated to the same degree as other equivalent forms of transportation, like aircraft. The three nations currently launching crewed space missions use different methods to identify the ground and space radio stations; the United States uses either the names given to the space vehicles or else the project name and mission number. Russia traditionally assigns code names as call signs to individual cosmonauts, more in the manner of aviator call signs, rather than to the spacecraft.
The Boeing Starliner is a class of partially reusable spacecraft designed to transport crew to and from the International Space Station (ISS) and other low-Earth-orbit destinations. It is manufactured by Boeing, with the Commercial Crew Program (CCP) of NASA as the lead customer. The spacecraft consists of a crew capsule that can be reused on up to ten missions and an expendable service module.
Development of the Commercial Crew Program (CCDev) began in the second round of the program, which was rescoped from a smaller technology development program for human spaceflight to a competitive development program that would produce the spacecraft to be used to provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station (ISS). To implement the program, NASA awarded a series of competitive fixed-price contracts to private vendors starting in 2011. Operational contracts to fly astronauts were awarded in September 2014 to SpaceX and Boeing, and NASA expected each company to complete development and achieve crew rating in 2017. Each company performed an uncrewed orbital test flight in 2019.
The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011. Discovery was the first of the three active Space Shuttles to be retired, completing its final mission on March 9, 2011; Endeavour did so on June 1. The final shuttle mission was completed with the landing of Atlantis on July 21, 2011, closing the 30-year Space Shuttle program.
Boeing Starliner-1, also called Post Certification Mission-1 (PCM-1), is planned to be the first operational crewed mission of the Boeing Starliner to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Commercial Crew Program. It will be the fourth orbital flight mission of the Starliner overall. It is scheduled to launch no earlier than August 2025, transporting members of a future ISS Expedition.
Soyuz MS-14 was a Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station. It carried no crew members, as it was intended to test a modification of the launch abort system for integration with the Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle. It launched successfully on 22 August 2019 at 03:38 UTC. It was the first mission of the Soyuz crew vehicle without a crew in 33 years, and the first ever unpiloted mission of Soyuz to the ISS.
The Commercial Crew Program (CCP) provides commercially operated crew transportation service to and from the International Space Station (ISS) under contract to NASA, conducting crew rotations between the expeditions of the International Space Station program. American space manufacturer SpaceX began providing service in 2020, using the Crew Dragon spacecraft, and NASA plans to add Boeing when its Boeing Starliner spacecraft becomes operational no earlier than 2025. NASA has contracted for six operational missions from Boeing and fourteen from SpaceX, ensuring sufficient support for ISS through 2030.
Expedition 68 was the 68th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station. The expedition began upon the departure of Soyuz MS-21 on 29 September 2022 with ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti taking over as ISS commander and ended upon the uncrewed departure of the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on 28 March 2023.
Soyuz MS-22 was a Russian Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station with a crew of three launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 21 September 2022. The launch, previously planned for 13 September 2022, was subsequently delayed to 21 September 2022 for a mission length of 188 days.
SpaceX Crew-5 was the fifth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, and the eighth overall crewed orbital flight. The mission was successfully launched on 5 October 2022 with the aim of transporting four crew members to the International Space Station (ISS). The Crew Dragon spacecraft docked at the ISS on 6 October 2022 at 21:01 UTC.
Soyuz MS-23 was an uncrewed Russian Soyuz spaceflight that launched from Baikonur on 24 February 2023 to the International Space Station to replace the damaged Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft for landing that NASA astronaut Francisco Rubio and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitry Petelin launched onboard on 21 September 2022 and had a coolant leak on 14 December before returning to Earth uncrewed on 28 March 2023.
Progress MS-21, Russian production No.451, identified by NASA as Progress 82P, was a Progress spaceflight launched by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was the 174th flight of a Progress spacecraft.
SpaceX Crew-9 is planned to be the ninth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight and the 15th crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission will transport four crew members – NASA astronauts Zena Cardman, Nick Hague, and Stephanie Wilson, along with Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov – to the International Space Station (ISS). Originally scheduled for 18 August 2024, the launch was delayed to 24 September due to technical issues with the Boeing Starliner.