STS-112

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STS-112
S112 S1 truss is moved from the Payload Bay of Atlantis.jpg
Canadarm2 takes the S1 truss out of the payload bay of Atlantis, prior to its installation on the ISS
Names Space Transportation System-112
Mission typeISS assembly
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID 2002-047A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 27537
Mission duration10 days, 19 hours, 58 minutes, 44 seconds
Distance travelled7,200,000 kilometres (4,500,000 mi)
Orbits completed170
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Space Shuttle Atlantis
Launch mass116,538 kilograms (256,922 lb)
Landing mass91,390 kilograms (201,480 lb)
Payload mass12,572 kilograms (27,717 lb)
Crew
Crew size6
Members
Start of mission
Launch date7 October 2002, 19:45:51 (2002-10-07UTC19:45:51Z) UTC
Launch site Kennedy LC-39B
End of mission
Landing date18 October 2002, 15:44:35 (2002-10-18UTC15:44:36Z) UTC
Landing site Kennedy SLF Runway 33
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Perigee altitude 273 kilometres (170 mi)
Apogee altitude 405 kilometres (252 mi)
Inclination 51.6 degrees
Period 91.2 minutes
Docking with ISS
Docking port PMA-2
(Destiny forward)
Docking date9 October 2002, 15:16 UTC
Undocking date16 October 2002, 13:13 UTC
Time docked6 days, 21 hours, 57 minutes
Sts-112-patch.png STS-112 crew.jpg
(L-R): Sandra H. Magnus, David A. Wolf, Pamela A. Melroy, Jeffrey S. Ashby, Piers J. Sellers and Fyodor Yurchikhin
←  STS-111
STS-113  →
 

STS-112 (ISS assembly flight 9A) was an 11-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. [1] Space Shuttle Atlantis was launched on 7 October 2002 at 19:45 UTC from the Kennedy Space Center's launch pad 39B to deliver the 28,000 pound Starboard 1 (S1) truss segment to the Space Station. [2] Ending a 4.5-million-mile journey, Atlantis landed at 15:44 UTC on 18 October 2002 on runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility.

Contents

During the launch, the ET bipod ramp shed a chunk of foam that caused a dent ~4" wide and 3" deep into the metal SRB-ET Attach Ring near the bottom of the left Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. [3] Prior to the next mission (STS-113), an upper-level decision was made at NASA to continue with launches as scheduled. The launch subsequent to that was the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, the ill-fated STS-107. [4]

Space Shuttle Atlantis had been scheduled to visit the International Space Station (ISS) again on the STS-114 mission in March 2003; [5] however, due to the loss of Columbia, all Space Shuttles, including Atlantis, were temporarily grounded. Due to rescheduling of missions, Atlantis did not fly again until STS-115 on 9 September 2006.

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander Flag of the United States.svg Jeffrey S. Ashby
Third and last spaceflight
Pilot Flag of the United States.svg Pamela A. Melroy
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 Flag of the United States.svg David A. Wolf
Third spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 Flag of the United States.svg Sandra H. Magnus
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 Flag of the United States.svg Piers Sellers
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 4 Flag of Russia.svg Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, RKA
First spaceflight

Mission payload

LocationCargoMass
Bays 1–2Orbiter Docking System
2 EMU spacesuits		1,800 kilograms (4,000 lb)
240 kilograms (530 lb)
Bays 3–13S1 Integrated Truss Segment
CETA Cart A		12,572 kilograms (27,717 lb)
283 kilograms (624 lb)
Sill Remote Manipulator System 410 kilograms (900 lb)
Total:15,305 kilograms (33,742 lb)

Starboard 1 (S1) truss segment

The S1 Radiator panels being manufactured at the Michoud Assembly Facility Heat Rejection System (HRS) Radiator.jpg
The S1 Radiator panels being manufactured at the Michoud Assembly Facility
Illustration of the International Space Station after STS-112. ISSafterSTS112.jpg
Illustration of the International Space Station after STS-112.

The S1 truss segment, which provides structural support for the Space Station radiators was the main payload of STS-112 mission.

The Boeing Company (along with Lockheed Martin) started manufacturing the truss in May 1998 at Michoud. The work was completed in March 1999. The S1 was shipped by aircraft to the KSC Operations and Checkout Building in October 1999 for flight processing. In June 2002, the truss was handed over to NASA for final preparations and pre-flight checks at the Space Station Processing Facility.

Crew Equipment Translation Aid

Atlantis also delivered the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the Space Station. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobile Transporter (launched on STS-110) to be used by assembly crews on later missions.

Mission experiments

STS-112 carried several science experiments to the space station including the Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (PGBA), Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), the Protein Crystal Growth Single-locker Thermal Enclosure System housing the Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (PCG-STES-PCAM) and samples for the Zeolite Crystal Growth Furnace (ZCG) experiment.

Shuttle processing

Launch preparations for STS-112 mission were sightly delayed due to tiny cracks found within the plumbing of Atlantis' propulsion system on 17 June 2002 by an inspector. The cracks were in metal flow liners inside the main liquid hydrogen fuel lines that feed the shuttle's three main engines. Although there were no cracks in the actual fuel pipes themselves, the concern was that metal pieces from the flow liners might break off and fly into the engines. In such a worst-case scenario, the debris can potentially trigger a catastrophic engine shutdown, which in turn could lead to the loss of the crew and the shuttle. [6]

Mission timeline

7 October (Flight Day 1 – Launch)

Atlantis launches on STS-112. STS-112 Launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis.jpg
Atlantis launches on STS-112.

Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off from Launch Pad 39B of the Kennedy Space Center at 19:45:51 GMT through mostly clear blue skies. There were no problems reported during the countdown, and the ascent conformed to the standard timeline (see Space Shuttle – Mission Profile – Launch). For the first time in Space Shuttle history, a "rocketcam" video camera mounted to the upper part of Atlantis' external tank returned live video of the flight to NASA flight controllers. [7] The video was near perfect until the two solid rocket boosters were jettisoned. At that point, the exhaust from the separation motors fogged the camera lens and made the rest of the video difficult to see.

Later, NASA announced that it was looking into a problem with explosive bolts that failed to fire properly during the launch. Immediately before the twin solid rocket boosters fired into life, only one set of pyrotechnics in ten explosive bolts exploded when commanded to do so. All 10 nuts exploded as planned, but NASA was interested in finding out an explanation for the unexpected anomaly. [8]

Arguably the most significant event from this launch was the ET bipod ramp shedding a chunk of foam, estimated to be ~4"x5"x12", that broke away and hit the lower left SRB-ET Attach Ring near the Integrated Electronics Assembly (IEA) box causing a dent ~4" wide and 3" deep into the solid metal. [3] Prior to approval for the next mission, the situation was analyzed and NASA decided to press ahead under the justification that "The ET is safe to fly with no new concerns (and no added risk)" [9] of further foam strikes. This fateful decision set the stage for the STS-107 tragedy just two launches later. The CAIB report did not highlight the significance of video data from this being the first flight with the ET Camera.

8 October (Flight Day 2 – Rendezvous and docking preparations)

Sandra Magnus washes her hair in the middeck of Atlantis STS-112 Sandra Magnus washes her hair in the middeck of Atlantis.jpg
Sandra Magnus washes her hair in the middeck of Atlantis

On Flight Day 2, the STS-112 crew settled into preparations for the next day's rendezvous and docking with the International Space Station. [10] After the wake up call went at 4:46 am CDT, the crew began its first full day on orbit. Pilot Pamela Melroy assisted Mission Specialists David Wolf and Piers Sellers in a checkout of spacewalk suits and equipment. Commander Jeff Ashby worked with the prime robotic arm operator, Mission Specialist Sandy Magnus, to verify the arm's readiness. Ashby and Magnus powered up the arm for a video survey of Atlantis' payload bay. The crew also completed the setting up of the orbiter docking system's centerline camera, extended the orbiter's spring-loaded ring that will make first contact, and checked out rendezvous tools.

During the day, the STS-112 crew successfully completed three Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) burns to boost the shuttle into the station's orbit and refine its approach path to the station.

Astronaut Wolf also checked-out the Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals or the SHIMMER experiment sponsored by the Naval Research Lab. The SHIMMER experiment uses an ultraviolet sensing camera to observe the Earth's atmosphere at 40–90 kilometers looking for possible ozone loss. The experiment proved balky, but with help from Mission Control the crew worked out steps to ready the gear for observations during the mission.

9 October (Flight Day 3 – Docking)

Atlantis during rendezvous and docking operations. The steel truss segment and radiators can be seen clearly in the payload bay STS-112 Atlantis carrying S1 truss.jpg
Atlantis during rendezvous and docking operations. The steel truss segment and radiators can be seen clearly in the payload bay

Space Shuttle Atlantis docked to the Space Station at 15:17 GMT to begin a week of joint operations for the STS-112 and Expedition 5 crews. With commander Jeffrey Ashby at the controls, Atlantis' docking system engaged the Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (Destiny Laboratory's forward docking port) in the front of the space station as the two spacecraft sailed 245 miles above central Asia at five miles per second. [11] Crew members of Atlantis were the first visitors for the Expedition 5 station crew who arrived at the outpost the first week of June 2002. [12]

Following pressure checks, station science officer Peggy Whitson asked Commander Ashby if he had brought the salsa that she had asked for. When Ashby replied that he had, Whitson said "OK, we'll let you in". [13] The hatches between Atlantis and the Space Station were opened at 16:51 GMT and astronaut Ashby floated into the Destiny Module and immediately embraced Whitson. [14] Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus followed next, followed by the rest of Atlantis' STS-112 crew members. They were greeted by the three member station crew.

After a safety briefing from station commander Valery Korzun, the combined crews split up and began preparing for a busy day of work. Astronaut Pamela Melroy, cosmonaut Korzun, and Mission Specialists Dave Wolf, Piers Sellers, and Fyodor Yurchikhin configured the spacesuits for EVA 1. Magnus and Whitson reviewed robotic arm operations for moving the new truss segment into place. [15]

10 October (Flight Day 4 – EVA 1)

David Wolf carries the S1 outboard nadir external camera during EVA 1. STS112 EVA 1 David Wolf anchored to SSRMS.jpg
David Wolf carries the S1 outboard nadir external camera during EVA 1.

The workday began at 3 am CDT with a musical wakeup call to Atlantis' crew from Mission Control, Houston. Earlier on Flight Day 4 astronauts Whitson and Magnus used the station's Canadarm2 robotic arm to grapple the S1 truss structure, remove it from Atlantis' payload bay, and move it to the starboard end the S0 section. Four remotely operated motorized bolts locked the two truss segments together at 8:36 am CDT. [16]

Simultaneously, Astronauts Dave Wolf and Piers Sellers prepared for the mission's first spacewalk. EVA 1 was the 44th spacewalk staged to support the space station assembly and maintenance. The two astronauts exited the Quest Airlock at about 11:21 am EDT. Wolf's spacesuit had solid red stripes for identification, while Sellers donned an all white spacesuit. As Wolf worked to accomplish to connect power, data and fluid lines between the S0 and the S1 trusses, Sellers, on his first spacewalk, released the locks on three folded-up radiators mounted to the S1, allowing S1's radiators to be oriented for optimal cooling.

The spacewalking astronauts worked for seven hours and one minute outside the space station, 31 minutes longer than expected due to a problem with the Canadarm2. The glitch forced Wolf to complete installation of a television camera system on the far end of the truss without the assistance of the robot arm. [17] The only other problem of EVA 1 came near the end of the spacewalk when Wolf reported his helmet earphones appeared to be losing power.

Throughout the spacewalk, astronaut Melroy offered guidance and advice to the spacewalkers and keeping them on schedule. Shuttle Commander Jeff Ashby operated the shuttle robotic arm, providing camera views for documentation. Following a tool inventory check and cleanup activities, Wolf and Sellers re-entered Quest. The Airlock was re-pressurized at 5:22 pm CDT to end EVA 1.

11 October (Flight Day 5 – Off duty and transfers)

The STS-112 and Expedition 5 crewmembers share a meal in the Zvezda Service Module. STS-112 and Expedition 5 crew share a meal.jpg
The STS-112 and Expedition 5 crewmembers share a meal in the Zvezda Service Module.

On Flight Day 5, the combined shuttle and space station crew took several hours of off-duty time. Then they began transfer operations between the vehicles and prepared for mission's second spacewalk. The crew moved a number of scientific experiments back and forth between the shuttle and the ISS to return completed experiments to Earth and deploy new experiments at the ISS. Transfer items included a set of liver cell tissue samples from an experiment studying the function of human liver cells in microgravity, moved from the station onto the shuttle for return to Earth. [18]

Payload experiments such as Marshall Space Flight Center's protein crystal growth thermal enclosures for growing high-quality protein crystals in micro-gravity experiments were moved to and from the station. Seven water containers were transferred to the station. Commander Jeff Ashby initiated a Nitrogen transfer process that moved about 15 pounds of the gas from Atlantis to the station by the end of the day.

STS-112 spacewalkers David Wolf and Piers Sellers, assisted by Pilot Pamela Melroy, readied the EVA equipment They recharged water on the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), configured their tools and prepared the Quest airlock.

The crew also participated in several live media interviews. Astronauts Magnus, Wolf and Sellers discussed about EVA 1 and the first-time experiences in space with CBS Radio Network and Cable News Network (CNN). Speaking to CBS News, Wolf told that manual work Piers and himself did at the end of EVA 1 to install the S1's outboard nadir external camera got their heart rates up to over 170 per minute. [19] The spacewalkers were not able to use the Station's Canadarm 2 as a result of a software glitch.

Russian cosmonauts Valery Korzun, Sergei Treschev and Fyodor Yurchikhin participated in several interviews with the Russian press. Shortly before sleep, the crew reviewed procedures for EVA 2.

12 October (Flight Day 6 – EVA 2)

13 October (Flight Day 7)

14 October (Flight Day 8 – EVA 3)

15 October (Flight Day 9)

16 October (Flight Day 10 – Undocking)

17 October (Flight Day 11 – Landing preparations)

18 October (Flight Day 12 – Landing)

STS-112 lands at the Shuttle Landing Facility, 18 October 2002. Atlantis STS-112 landing.jpg
STS-112 lands at the Shuttle Landing Facility, 18 October 2002.
JoAnn H. Morgan (then Director of External Relations and Business Development at KSC) with STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy (left) and Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus (center) after the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis JoAnn H. Morgan.jpg
JoAnn H. Morgan (then Director of External Relations and Business Development at KSC) with STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy (left) and Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus (center) after the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis

.

Spacewalks

EVASpacewalkersStart (UTC)EndDuration
EVA 1 David A. Wolf
Piers J. Sellers 		10 October 2002
15:21 UTC		10 October 2002
22:22 UTC		7 hours, 01 minutes
Installed lines between S0 and S1 trusses.
EVA 2 David A. Wolf
Piers J. Sellers 		12 October 2002
14:31 UTC		12 October 2002
20:35 UTC		6 hours, 4 minutes
Installed future EVA hardware.
EVA 3 David A. Wolf
Piers J. Sellers 		14 October 2002
14:08 UTC		14 October 2002
20:44 UTC		6 hours, 36 minutes
Completed S1 installation.

Shuttlecam

A camera mounted to the shuttle's external tank captured Atlantis' ascent to orbit. This was the first time such footage was recorded. [20] However, after solid rocket booster separation, the camera was fogged with the propellant, and was rendered unusable. The camera was moved downward after STS-112.

In the response to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster (STS-107), the camera was also used on all subsequent missions to capture images of the falling debris from the external tank.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities. [21] [22]

Flight DaySongArtistPlayed forLinks
Day 2"Venus and Mars" Paul McCartney and Wings David Wolf wav
Day 3"The Best" Tina Turner Jeffrey Ashby wav
Day 4"(Theme from) The Monkees", "Rocket Man", "Space Oddity", "I am Woman" The Monkees, Elton John, David Bowie, Helen Reddy Sandra Magnus wav
Day 5"Oh Thou Tupelo"Wellesley College Choir Pamela Melroy wav
Day 6"Push It" Garbage Piers Sellers wav
Day 7"The Aviation March"Hymn of the Moscow Aviation Institute Fyodor Yurchikhin wav
Day 8"You Gave Me the Answer" Paul McCartney and Wings David Wolf wav
Day 9"Only an Ocean Away" Sarah Brightman Sandra Magnus wav
Day 10"Prime Time" The Alan Parsons Project Pamela Melroy wav
Day 11"These Are Days" 10,000 Maniacs Piers Sellers wav
Day 12"Someday Soon" Suzy Bogguss Jeffrey Ashby wav

Media


See also

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References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration .

  1. ↑ NASA (5 September 2002). "STS-112/9A Shuttle Press Kit – Expanding the Station Backbone/Increasing Crew Capabilities". Space.com . Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  2. ↑ "STS-112 MCC Status Report #01". NASA. 8 October 2002. Archived from the original on 17 October 2002. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  3. 1 2 Oliu, Armando (10 October 2002). "STS-112 SRB POST FLIGHT/RETRIEVAL ASSESSMENT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  4. ↑ Gehman, Harold; Barry, John; Deal, Duane; Hallock, James; Hess, Kenneth; Hubbard, G. Scott; Logsdon, John; Osheroff, Douglas D.; Ride, Sally; Tetrault, Roger; Turcotte, Stephen; Wallace, Steven; Widnall, Sheila (26 August 2003). "Report of Columbia Accident Investigation Board" (PDF). Columbia Accident Investigation Board. 1. NASA: 125, 148, 149. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  5. ↑ NASA (18 October 2002). "STS-112 MCC Status Report #23". Archived from the original on 20 October 2002. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  6. ↑ Blanke, Jim (30 September 2002). "Mission Atlantis: Helping the Station Keep its Cool". SPACE.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  7. ↑ Banke, Jim (7 October 2002). "Mission Atlantis: Shuttle Begins Chase of Space Station". SPACE.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  8. ↑ "NASA investigating bolt problem with Atlantis launch". spacetoday.net. 18 October 2002. Archived from the original on 1 July 2004. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  9. ↑ Smelser, Jerry (31 October 2002). "STS-112/ET-115 Bipod Ramp Foam Loss, Page 4" (PDF). Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  10. ↑ "STS-112 Mission Control Center Status Report # 3". NASA. 8 October 2002. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  11. ↑ Harwood, William (10 October 2002). "Atlantis arrives at station for construction mission". Spaceflight NOW. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  12. ↑ Stenger, Richard (9 October 2002). "Shuttle hooks up with space station". CNN. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  13. ↑ Catchpole, John E. (2008). The International Space Station: Building for the Future. Springer-Praxis. ISBN   978-0-387-78144-0.
  14. ↑ Brown, Irene (9 October 2002). "Station crew welcomes first guests". United Press International. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  15. ↑ NASA (10 October 2002). "STS-112 Mission Control Center Status Report # 5". NASA. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  16. ↑ NASA (10 October 2002). "STS-112 Mission Control Center Status Report # 7". NASA. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  17. ↑ Harwood, William (10 October 2002). "Station backbone grows with new truss segment". Spaceflight NOW. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  18. ↑ NASA (11 October 2002). "STS-112 Mission Control Center Status Report No. 9". NASA. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  19. ↑ Harwood, William (11 October 2002). "Astronauts rested from busy spacewalk, ready for another". Spaceflight NOW. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  20. ↑ NASA (22 October 2002). "Daily Videos: Flight Day 1". Archived from the original on 20 October 2002. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  21. ↑ Fries, Colin (25 June 2007). "Chronology of Wakeup Calls" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
  22. ↑ "STS-112 Wakeup Calls". NASA. 18 October 2002. Archived from the original on 16 December 2002. Retrieved 20 June 2010.

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