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An astronaut is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.
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Akihiko Hoshide is a Japanese engineer, JAXA astronaut, and former commander of the International Space Station. On August 30, 2012, Hoshide became the third Japanese astronaut to walk in space.
NASA Astronaut Group 8 was a group of 35 astronauts announced on January 16, 1978. It was the first NASA selection since Group 6 in 1967, and was the largest group to that date. The class was the first to include female and minority astronauts; of the 35 selected, six were women, one of them being Jewish American, three were African American, and one was Asian American. Due to the long delay between the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972 and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, few astronauts from the older groups remained, and they were outnumbered by the newcomers, who became known as the Thirty-Five New Guys (TFNG). Since then, a new group of candidates has been selected roughly every two years.
References
- ↑ Gebhardt, Chris (February 1, 2011). "Space Shuttle Columbia: A New Beginning and Vision". www.nasaspaceflight.com.
- 1 2 "Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 1". Kidzworld.com. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
- ↑ Bolden, Charles F. (2004-01-06). "Charles F. Bolden". NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (Interview). Interviewed by Johnson, Sandra; Wright, Rebecca; Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer. Houston, Texas. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
{{cite interview}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: interviewers list (link) - 1 2 "Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 2". Kidzworld.com. 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
- ↑ "NASA – Space Shuttle Columbia and Her Crew". Nasa.gov. 2006-03-05. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
- 1 2 McHale, Suzy. "RuSpace – Suzy's Russian space site". Suzymchale.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
- ↑ Lei, Zhao. "18 picked for nation's 3rd generation of astronauts". China Daily. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
- 1 2 Zhiying, Lin (3 October 2022). "何謂載荷專家 在太空站要從事什麼工作？" [What is a payload specialist? What does a payload specialist do on the space station?]. HK01 (in Chinese).
