NASA Astronaut Group 9

Last updated

19+80
Nasa-9.jpg
Group 9 astronauts. Back row, L-R: Gardner, Springer, O'Connor, Ockels, Smith, Lounge. Middle row, L-R: Bagian, Blaha, Nicollier, Hilmers, Fisher, Dunbar, Ross. Front row, L-R: Bolden, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, Leestma, Spring, Richards, Bridges
Year selected1980
Number selected19
←  8 (1978)
10 (1984)  →
Class patch; the patch features nineteen stars representing the nineteen NASA astronauts belonging to the group. NASA Astronaut Group 9 patch.png
Class patch; the patch features nineteen stars representing the nineteen NASA astronauts belonging to the group.

NASA Astronaut Group 9 was a group of 19 NASA astronauts announced on May 29, 1980, [1] and completed their training by 1981. This group was selected to supplement the 35 astronauts that had been selected in 1978, and marked the first time that non-Americans were trained as mission specialists with the selections of ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Wubbo Ockels. In keeping with the previous group, astronaut candidates were divided into pilots and mission specialists, with eight pilots, eleven mission specialists, and two international mission specialists within the group. [1]

Contents

Achievements

As with the previous group, several spaceflight firsts were achieved, including:

In addition, Chang-Diaz and Ross share the world record for the most spaceflights, with seven each. [8] Bolden also became the second astronaut to serve as NASA Administrator, appointed in July 2009. [9]

Group members

Pilots

STS-29 Discovery [10] — March 1989 — Pilot — Deployed TDRS-D
STS-33 Discovery [10] — November 1989 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-43 Atlantis [10] — August 1991 — Commander — Deployed TDRS-E
STS-58 Columbia [10] — October 1993 — Commander — Spacelab: SLS-2
STS-79 Atlantis [10] — September 1996 — Mission Specialist 4 — Launched for long duration flight aboard Mir
Mir EO-22: Board Engineer 2 [10]
STS-81 Atlantis [10] — January 1997 — Mission Specialist 4 — Landed from long duration flight aboard Mir
STS-61-C Columbia [11] — January 1986 — Pilot — Deployed Ku-1 communications satellite
STS-31 Discovery [11] — April 1990 — Pilot — Deployed the Hubble Space Telescope
STS-45 Atlantis [11] — March 1992 — Commander — ATLAS-1
STS-60 Discovery [11] — February 1994 — Commander — Spacehab 2
STS-51-F Challenger [12] — July 1985 — Pilot — Spacelab 2
STS-27 Atlantis [13] — December 1988 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-35 Columbia [13] — December 1990 — Pilot — ASTRO-1
STS-51-J Atlantis [14] — October 1985 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-30 Atlantis [14] — May 1989 — Pilot — Deployed the Magellan probe
STS-42 Discovery [14] — January 1992 — Commander — Spacelab: IML-1
STS-57 Endeavour [14] — June 1993 — Commander — Spacehab
STS-61-B Atlantis [15] — November 1985 — Pilot — Deployed 3 communication satellites
STS-40 Columbia [15] — June 1991 — Commander — Spacelab: SLS-1
STS-28 Columbia [16] — August 1989 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-41 Discovery [16] — October 1990 — Commander — Deployed the Ulysses (spacecraft)
STS-50 Columbia [16] — June 1992 — Commander — Spacelab: U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1
STS-64 Discovery [16] — September 1994 — Commander — Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE)
STS-51-L Challenger [17] — January 1986 — Pilot — Planned to Deploy TDRS-B

Mission Specialists

STS-29 Discovery [18] — March 1989 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed TDRS-D
STS-40 Columbia [18] — June 1991 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: SLS-1
STS-61-C Columbia [19] — January 1986 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed Ku-1 communications satellite
STS-34 Atlantis [19] — October 1989 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed the Galileo probe
STS-46 Atlantis [19] — July 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed ESA's European Retrievable Carrier and flew the Tethered Satellite System's TSS-1 mission
STS-60 Discovery [19] — February 1994 — Mission Specialist 3 — Spacehab 2
STS-75 Columbia [19] — February 1996 — Mission Specialist 4/Payload Commander — The Tethered Satellite System's TSS-1R mission
STS-91 Discovery [19] — June 1998 — Mission Specialist 2 — Final Shuttle/Mir mission
STS-111 Endeavour [19] — June 2002 — Mission Specialist 1 — Installed the Mobile Base System for Canadarm2 on the ISS
STS-61-B Atlantis [20] — November 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed 3 communication satellites
STS-30 Atlantis [20] — May 1989 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed the Magellan probe
STS-61-A Challenger [21] — October 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab D1
STS-32 Columbia [21] — January 1990 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed the SYNCOM IV-F5 satellite; retrieved the Long Duration Exposure Facility
STS-50 Columbia [21] — June 1992 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1
STS-71 Atlantis [21] — June 1995 — Mission Specialist 3 — First Shuttle/Mir docking
STS-89 Endeavour [21] — January 1998 — Mission Specialist 3 — Eighth Shuttle/Mir docking
STS-51-I Discovery [22] — August 1985 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed three communications satellites
STS-51-J Atlantis [23] — October 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-26 Discovery [23] — September 1988 — Mission Specialist 3 — Was the "Return-to-Flight" shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster; deployed TDRS-C
STS-36 Atlantis [23] — February 1990 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-42 Discovery [23] — January 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Spacelab: IML-1
STS-41-G Challenger [24] — October 1984 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
STS-28 Columbia [24] — August 1989 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-45 Atlantis [24] — March 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — ATLAS-1
STS-51-I Discovery [25] — August 1985 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed three communications satellites
STS-26 Discovery [25] — September 1988 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was the "Return-to-Flight" shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster; deployed TDRS-C
STS-35 Columbia [25] — December 1990 — Mission Specialist 2 — ASTRO-1
STS-61-B Atlantis [26] — November 1985 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed 3 communication satellites
STS-27 Atlantis [26] — December 1988 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
STS-37 Atlantis [26] — April 1991 — Mission Specialist 1 — Launched the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
STS-55 Columbia [26] — April 1993 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: D2
STS-74 Atlantis [26] — November 1995 — Mission Specialist 2 — Second Shuttle/Mir docking
STS-88 Endeavour [26] — December 1998 — Mission Specialist 1 — First shuttle mission to the International Space Station; delivered Unity (Node 1) and the first two Pressurized Mating Adapters
STS-110 Atlantis [26] — April 2002 — Mission Specialist 1 — Delivered the S0 Truss and the Mobile Transporter for Canadarm2
STS-61-B Atlantis [27] — November 1985 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed 3 communication satellites
STS-29 Discovery [28] — March 1989 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed TDRS-D
STS-38 Atlantis [28] — November 1990 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission

International Mission Specialists

STS-46 Atlantis [30] — July 1992 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed ESA's European Retrievable Carrier and flew the Tethered Satellite System's TSS-1 mission
STS-61 Endeavour [31] — December 1993 — Mission Specialist 3 — Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1
STS-75 Columbia [32] — February 1996 — Mission Specialist 3 — The Tethered Satellite System's TSS-1R mission
STS-103 Discovery [33] — December 1999 — Mission Specialist 5 — Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 3A
STS-61-A Challenger [35] — October 1985 — Payload Specialist 3 — Spacelab: D1

Delays in Spacelab caused NASA to offer ESA payload specialists the opportunity to train with its full-time astronauts; Nicollier and Ockels were the first non-Americans to do so. Ulf Merbold would also have trained as a mission specialist but could not pass the medical examination, an example of the lower physical standards for payload specialists. ESA believed that Spacelab was more important than mission specialist training. In September 1981 Ockels withdrew from training to focus on Spacelab; Nicollier continued and until 2005 was a NASA mission specialist. [36]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-9</span> 1983 American crewed spaceflight and first flight with Spacelab

STS-9 was the ninth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the sixth mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Launched on November 28, 1983, the ten-day mission carried the first Spacelab laboratory module into orbit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Akers</span> American astronaut (born 1951)

Thomas Dale Akers is a former American astronaut in NASA's Space Shuttle program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jim Wetherbee</span> American astronaut, aviator and engineer (born 1952)

James Donald "Wxb" Wetherbee, is a retired United States Navy officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six Space Shuttle missions and is the only American to have commanded five spaceflight missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenneth Cockrell</span> American astronaut and engineer (born 1950)

Kenneth Dale "Taco" Cockrell is a retired American astronaut, engineer and a veteran of five Space Shuttle missions. He served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1997 to 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerry L. Ross</span> NASA astronaut and engineer (born 1948)

Jerry Lynn Ross is a retired United States Air Force officer, engineer, and a former NASA astronaut. Ross is a veteran of 7 Space Shuttle missions, making him the joint record holder for most spaceflights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Shepherd</span> American astronaut (born 1949)

William McMichael "Bill" Shepherd, , is an American former Navy SEAL, aerospace, ocean, and mechanical engineer, and NASA astronaut, who served as commander of Expedition 1, the first crew on the International Space Station. He is a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curtis Brown</span> American astronaut (born 1956)

Curtis Lee "Curt" Brown Jr. is a former NASA astronaut and retired United States Air Force colonel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wubbo Ockels</span> Dutch astronaut (1946–2014)

Wubbo Johannes Ockels was a Dutch physicist and astronaut with the European Space Agency who, in 1985, became the first Dutch citizen in space when he flew on STS-61-A as a payload specialist. He later became professor of aerospace engineering at Delft University of Technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Linda M. Godwin</span> American astronaut (born 1952)

Linda Maxine Godwin is an American scientist and retired NASA astronaut. Godwin joined NASA in 1980 and became an astronaut in July 1986. She retired in 2010. During her career, Godwin completed four space flights and logged over 38 days in space. Godwin also served as the assistant to the director for exploration, Flight Crew Operations Directorate at the Johnson Space Center. Since retiring from NASA, she accepted the position of professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Missouri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory J. Harbaugh</span> American astronaut and engineer (born 1956)

Gregory Jordan "Greg" Harbaugh is an aeronautical/astronautical engineer and former NASA astronaut. He flew on four space shuttle missions as a mission specialist with responsibilities that included Remote Manipulator System (RMS) operation and Extravehicular Activity (EVAs). He performed three spacewalks during the shuttle missions including in support of repair/refurbishment of the Hubble Space Telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kathryn C. Thornton</span> American scientist and astronaut (born 1952)

Kathryn Ryan Cordell Thornton is an American scientist and a former NASA astronaut with over 975 hours in space, including 21 hours of extravehicular activity. She was the associate dean for graduate programs at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, currently a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James S. Voss</span> American astronaut and US Army colonel (born 1949)

James Shelton Voss is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut. During his time with NASA, Voss flew in space five times on board the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. He also served as deputy of Flight Operations for the Space Station Program Mission Integration and Operations Office. While participating in ISS Expedition 2, he and Susan Helms conducted an 8-hour and 56 minute spacewalk, the longest to date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 13</span>

NASA Astronaut Group 13 was a group of 23 astronauts announced by NASA on 17 January 1990. The group name came from its selection of a black cat as a mascot, to play against the traditional unlucky connotations of the number 13.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 16</span> 1996 human spaceflight selection of 44 candidates; "The Sardines"

NASA Astronaut Group 16 was a group of 44 astronauts announced by NASA on May 1, 1996. The class was nicknamed "The Sardines" for being such a large class, humorously implying that their training sessions would be as tightly packed as sardines in a can. These 44 candidates compose the largest astronaut class to date. NASA selected so many candidates in preparation for the anticipated need for ISS crew members, along with regular shuttle needs. Nine of the 44 astronauts selected were from other countries including 5 from Europe and 2 from Canada and Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 17</span> 1998 group of 32 astronaut candidates

NASA Astronaut Group 17, were chosen by NASA in 1998 and announced on June 4 of that year. The group of 32 candidates included eight pilots, 17 mission specialists, and seven international mission specialists who became NASA astronauts. They began training in August 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 15</span> 1994 human spaceflight selection of 23 candidates; "The Flying Escargot"

NASA Astronaut Group 15 was a group of 23 NASA astronauts announced on December 8, 1994. Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, in reference to two members of the group being from France. The group featured ten pilots, nine mission specialists, and four international mission specialist trainees from France, Canada and Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 12</span> Group of astronauts selected in 1987

NASA Astronaut Group 12 was a group of 15 astronauts announced by NASA on June 5, 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 10</span>

NASA Astronaut Group 10 was a group of 17 astronauts that were announced on May 23, 1984 and consisted of seven pilots and ten mission specialists. Although selected in 1984, no member of the group would fly until 1988 due to the Challenger disaster and the resulting grounding of the Space Shuttle fleet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 14</span>

NASA Astronaut Group 14 was a group of 24 astronauts announced by NASA on 31 March 1992. The group's name derived from The Muppet Show skit "Pigs in Space" and from the group's sponsorship of a pot-bellied pig at the Houston Zoo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 11</span>

NASA Astronaut Group 11 was a group of 13 NASA astronauts announced on 4 June 1985.

References

  1. 1 2 White, Terry (May 29, 1980). "80-038: NASA Selects 19 Astronaut Candidates" (PDF). JSC News Releases. Houston, Texas: NASA. pp. 80–81. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  2. ↑ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (2018). "NASA's Hispanic Astronauts" (PDF). NASA Facts. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  3. ↑ Petty, John Ira (March 29, 2004). "Dutch Doctor Bound for Space Station". NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021. The first space-faring Dutch astronaut was Wubbo Ockels, who flew aboard Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985.
  4. ↑ Garret, David W. (December 21, 1992). "92-228: 1992 Seen as NASA's Most Productive Year for Science Discoveries" (TXT). NASA News. Washington, D.C.: NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021. International cooperation was highlighted by the flight of the first Swiss astronaut and the first Italian payload specialist on STS-46...
  5. ↑ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (2018). "NASA's African-American Astronauts" (PDF). NASA Facts. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  6. ↑ Buck, Joshua; Cloutier-Lemasters, Nicole (January 27, 2012). "12-033: Astronaut Jerry Ross, First Seven-Time Flier, Retires". NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  7. ↑ Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer (March 3, 2011). "Anna L. Fisher". Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021. You were the first married couple in the Astronaut Office.
  8. ↑ Smith, Yvette (September 18, 2020). "Franklin Chang-Diaz Performs a Spacewalk on the STS-111 Mission". Historic Missions. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  9. ↑ Cabbage, Michael (July 15, 2009). "09-165: Bolden and Garver Confirmed by U.S. Senate". NASA News. Washington, D.C.: NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2008). "John E. Blaha" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (January 2017). "Charles F. Bolden, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  12. 1 2 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (October 2005). "Roy D. Bridges, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 1994). "Guy S. Gardner" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 1999). "Ronald J. Grabe" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  15. 1 2 3 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2011). "Bryan D. O'Connor" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2007). "Richard N. Richards" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  17. 1 2 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 2003). "Michael J. Smith" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  18. 1 2 3 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 1995). "James P. Bagian" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2012). "Franklin R. Chang-Diaz" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (February 2007). "Mary L. Cleave" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2005). "Bonnie J. Dunbar" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  22. 1 2 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 1993). "William F. Fisher" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 1993). "David C. Hilmers" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2014). "David C. Leestma" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2011). "John M. Lounge" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2014). "Jerry L. Ross" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  27. 1 2 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 1994). "Sherwood C. Spring" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  28. 1 2 3 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2011). "Sherwood C. Spring" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Claude Nicollier". Personal Data. Paris: ESA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  30. ↑ Ryba, Jeanne (March 31, 2010). "STS-46". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  31. ↑ Ryba, Jeanne (March 31, 2010). "STS-61". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  32. ↑ Ryba, Jeanne (November 23, 2007). "STS-75". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  33. ↑ Ryba, Jeanne (November 23, 2007). "STS-103". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  34. ↑ "Wubbo J. Ockels". Personal Data. Paris: ESA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  35. ↑ Ryba, Jeanne (February 18, 2010). "STS-61A". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  36. ↑ Croft, Melvin; Youskauskas, John (2019). Come Fly with Us: NASA's Payload Specialist Program. Outward Odyssey: a People's History of Spaceflight. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN   9781496212252.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.