STS-36

STS-36
	Launch of Atlantis; in-flight photography on this Department of Defense (DoD) mission is limited.
Names	Space Transportation System-36; STS-36
Mission type	DoD satellite deployment
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1990-019A
SATCAT no.	20512
Mission duration	4 days, 10 hours, 18 minutes, 22 seconds
Distance travelled	2,957,913 km (1,837,962 mi)
Orbits completed	72
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Atlantis
Launch mass	2,044,469 kg (4,507,283 lb)
Landing mass	84,912 kg (187,199 lb)
Payload mass	19,600 kg (43,200 lb)
Crew
Crew size	5
Members	John Oliver Creighton ; John Casper ; Pierre J. Thuot ; David C. Hilmers ; Mike Mullane ;
Start of mission
Launch date	February 28, 1990, 07:50:22 UTC (2:50:22 am EST)
Launch site	Kennedy, LC-39A
Contractor	Rockwell International
End of mission
Landing date	March 4, 1990, 18:08:44 UTC (10:08:44 am PST)
Landing site	Edwards, Runway 23
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric orbit
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude	198 km (123 mi)
Apogee altitude	204 km (127 mi)
Inclination	62°
Period	88.5 minutes
Instruments
	In-flight Radiation Dose Distribution (IDRD)
	; STS-36 mission patch; ; From left: Thuot, Casper, Creighton, Mullane and Hilmers Space Shuttle program ← STS-32 (33) STS-31 (35) →

Last updated December 08, 2024

STS-36 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission, during which Space Shuttle Atlantis carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) (believed to have been a Misty reconnaissance satellite) into orbit. STS-36 was the 34th shuttle mission overall, the sixth flight for Atlantis, and the fourth night launch of the shuttle program. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, and landed on March 4, 1990.

Crew


Position	Astronaut
Commander	John Oliver Creighton Second spaceflight
Pilot	John Casper First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1	Pierre J. Thuot First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 Flight Engineer	David C. Hilmers Third spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3	Mike Mullane Third and last spaceflight

Crew seat assignments

Seat^[1]	Launch	Landing	Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck. Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
1	Creighton
2	Casper
3	Thuot	Mullane
4	Hilmers
5	Mullane	Thuot
6	Unused
7	Unused

Mission summary

Attempt	Planned	Result	Turnaround	Reason	Decision point	Weather go (%)	Notes
1	22 Feb 1990, 1:00:00 am	Scrubbed	—	Medical		50	Commander Creighton was experiencing a minor respiratory infection. Due to the classified nature of the mission, NASA did not give the exact launch time until nine minutes before liftoff.^[2]
2	23 Feb 1990, 12:00:00 am	Scrubbed	0 days 22 hours 60 minutes	Weather		20	The weather conditions were unacceptable for launch. In addition, Commander Creighton was still unwell.
3	24 Feb 1990, 12:00:00 am	Scrubbed	1 day 0 hours 0 minutes	Weather			Creighton had recovered at this time, however, a storm front had moved into the KSC area.^[3]
4	25 Feb 1990, 12:00:00 am	Scrubbed	1 day 0 hours 0 minutes	Technical	25 Feb 1990, 1:05 am (T−00:00:31)		A range safety backup computer malfunctioned at T−00:01:55. The countdown clock was held at T−31 seconds to assess the situation, however, the Liquid Oxygen temperature inside the main engines exceeded launch commit criteria. A general purpose computer also malfunctioned.^[4]^: 1–2
5	26 Feb 1990, 12:54:00 am	Scrubbed	1 day 0 hours 54 minutes	Weather	26 Feb 1990, 2:30 am (T−00:09:00 hold)		Clouds were present at the Shuttle Landing Facility. A 48-hour turnaround was issued to allow the crew to rest.^[4]^: 2
6	28 Feb 1990, 2:50:22 am	Success	2 days 1 hour 56 minutes				The countdown was held at T−5 minutes to asses RTLS and TAL weather.^[4]^: 2

Atlantis launched on the STS-36 mission on February 28, 1990, at 07:50:22 UTC (2:50:22 am EST, local time at the launch site).^[5] The launch was originally set for February 22, 1990, but was postponed repeatedly due to the illness of the crew commander and poor weather conditions.^[3] This was the first time since Apollo 13 in 1970 that a crewed space mission was affected by the illness of a crew member.^[2] The first rescheduled launch attempt, set for February 25, 1990, was scrubbed at T−31 seconds due to a range safety computer malfunction.^[4]^: 1–2^[6]^[7]^[8]^{[ page needed ]} Another attempt, set for February 26, 1990, was scrubbed during the T−9 minute hold due to weather conditions.^[4]^: 2^[9]^[10] The successful launch on February 28, 1990, was set for a classified launch window, lying within a launch period extending from 00:00 to 04:00 EST. The launch weight for this mission was classified.

The launch trajectory was unique to this flight and allowed the mission to reach an orbital inclination of 62°, the deployment orbit of its payload — the normal maximum inclination for a shuttle flight was 57°. This so-called "dog-leg" trajectory saw Atlantis fly downrange on a normal launch azimuth and then maneuver to a higher launch azimuth once out over the water. Although the maneuver resulted in a reduction of vehicle performance, it was the only way to reach the required deployment orbit from Kennedy Space Center (originally, the flight had been slated to launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, until the shuttle launch program there was cancelled). The payload was considered to be of importance to national security, leading normal flight rules to be suspended, allowing the shuttle to fly over or near Cape Hatteras, Cape Cod, and parts of Canada.

As a Department of Defense operation, STS-36's payload remains officially classified. STS-36 launched a single satellite,^[11] also described as AFP-731. Other objects (1990-019C-G) reportedly appeared in orbit following its deployment.

It was reported that USA-53 was an Advanced KH-11 photo-reconnaissance satellite, using an all-digital imaging system to return pictures. KH-11 satellites are believed to resemble the Hubble Space Telescope in size and shape, as the satellites were shipped in similar containers and had comparable primary mirror diameters.^[12] USA-53, nicknamed "Misty", was tracked briefly by amateur satellite observers in October and November 1990.^[13]

The mission marked another flight of an 5 kg (11 lb) human skull, which served as the primary element of "Detailed Secondary Objective 469", also known as the "In-flight Radiation Dose Distribution Experiment" (IDRD). This joint NASA/DoD experiment was designed to examine the penetration of radiation into the human cranium during spaceflight. The female skull was seated in a plastic matrix, representative of tissue, and sliced into ten layers. Hundreds of thermo-luminescent dosimeters were mounted in the skull's layers to record radiation levels at multiple depths. This experiment, which also flew on STS-28 and STS-31, was located in the shuttle's mid-deck lockers on all three flights, recording radiation levels at different orbital inclinations.^[14]

Atlantis landed at 18:08:44 UTC (10:08:44 am PST, local time at the landing site) on March 4, 1990, at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on runway 23 ending the STS-36. The orbiter's rollout distance was 2.41 km (1.50 mi; 1.30 nmi).^[15]Atlantis was towed to the Mate-Demate Device by around 15:00 PST.

About 62 impacts in the shuttle's Thermal Protection System (TPS) tiles were counted by the debris team after the mission. Tile engineers reported that only one tile required replacement. The brakes and tires performed nominally. Drops of hydraulic fluid were observed in the right main landing gear wheel well, the liquid hydrogen 43 cm (17 in) disconnect cavity and possibly around two of the main engines.^[16]^[17]

Mission insignia

The thirty-six stars on the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence; the stars also form part of a stylized American flag, forming the background to an image of a bald eagle, the American national bird.

Related Research Articles

STS-31 was the 35th mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the 10th flight of Discovery. The primary purpose of this mission was the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) into low Earth orbit. The mission used the Space Shuttle Discovery, which lifted off from Launch Complex 39B on April 24, 1990, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

John Howard Casper is a former American astronaut and retired United States Air Force pilot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-51-C</span> 1985 American crewed spaceflight for the Department of Defense

STS-51-C was the 15th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the third flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. It launched on January 24, 1985, and made the fourth shuttle landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on January 27, 1985. STS-51-C was the first shuttle mission dedicated to the United States Department of Defense (DoD), and consequently many details remain classified. NASA reported that a satellite (USA-8) was deployed during the mission using an Inertial Upper Stage booster was deployed and met mission objectives. At just over three days, the mission was shorter in duration than most civilian missions and was the shortest of Discovery's career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-51-J</span> 1985 American crewed spaceflight for the DoD, and maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis

STS-51-J was NASA's 21st Space Shuttle mission and the maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985, carrying a payload for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 7, 1985.

STS-27 was the 27th NASA Space Shuttle mission, and the third flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis. Launching on December 2, 1988, on a four-day mission, it was the second shuttle flight after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster of January 1986. STS-27 carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), ultimately determined to be a Lacrosse surveillance satellite. The vessel's heat shielding was substantially damaged during lift-off, and crew members thought that they would die during reentry. This was a situation that was similar to the one that would prove fatal 15 years later on STS-107. Compared to the damage that Columbia sustained on STS-107, Atlantis experienced more extensive damage. However, this was over less critical areas and the missing tile was over an antenna which gave extra protection to the spacecraft structure. The mission landed successfully, although intense heat damage needed to be repaired.

STS-29 was the 28th NASA Space Shuttle mission, during which Space Shuttle Discovery inserted a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) into Earth orbit. It was the third shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster in 1986, and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on March 13, 1989. STS-29R was the eighth flight of Discovery and the 28th Space Shuttle mission overall; its planned predecessor, STS-28, was delayed until August 1989.

STS-30 was the 29th NASA Space Shuttle mission and the fourth mission for Space Shuttle Atlantis. It was the fourth shuttle launch since the Challenger disaster and the first shuttle mission since the disaster to have a female astronaut on board. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 4, 1989, and landed four days later on May 8, 1989. During the mission, Atlantis deployed the Venus-bound Magellan probe into orbit.

STS-28 was the 30th NASA Space Shuttle mission, the fourth shuttle mission dedicated to United States Department of Defense (DoD) purposes, and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle Columbia. The mission launched on August 8, 1989, and traveled 3,400,000 km (2,100,000 mi) during 81 orbits of the Earth, before landing on runway 17 of Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989. STS-28 was also Columbia's first flight since January 1986, when it had flown STS-61-C, the mission directly preceding the Challenger disaster of STS-51-L. The mission details of STS-28 are classified, but the payload is widely believed to have been the first SDS-2 relay communications satellite. The altitude of the mission was between 295 km (183 mi) and 307 km (191 mi).

STS-33 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission and the 9th flight of Discovery, during which Space Shuttle Discovery deployed a payload for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It was the 32nd shuttle mission overall, the ninth flight of Discovery, the fifth shuttle mission in support of the DoD, the seventh post-Space Shuttle Challenger disaster mission and the last Shuttle mission of the 1980s. Due to the nature of the mission, specific details remain classified. Discovery lifted off from Launch Complex 39B at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, on November 22, 1989, at 7:23:30 p.m. EST; it landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 27, 1989, at 7:30:16 p.m. EST.

STS-38 was a Space Shuttle mission by NASA using the Space Shuttle Atlantis. It was the 37th shuttle mission and carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It was the seventh flight for Atlantis and the seventh flight dedicated to the Department of Defense. The mission was a 4-day mission that traveled 3,291,199 km (2,045,056 mi) and completed 79 revolutions. Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility's runway 33. The launch was originally scheduled for July 1990 but was rescheduled due to a hydrogen leak found on Space ShuttleColumbia during the STS-35 countdown. During a rollback to the Orbiter Processing Facility Atlantis was damaged during a hail storm. The eventual launch date of November 15, 1990, was set due to a payload problem. The launch window was between 18:30 and 22:30 EST. The launch occurred at 18:48:13 EST. The mission ended with a landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility, marking the first time in five years that a mission returned to the Kennedy Space Center since STS-51-D. This also marked the first time Atlantis ended a mission at the Kennedy Space Center.

STS-37, the thirty-ninth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the eighth flight of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, was a six-day mission with the primary objective of launching the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the second of the Great Observatories program which included the visible-spectrum Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) and the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope. The mission also featured two spacewalks, the first since 1985.

STS-39 was the twelfth mission of the NASA Space Shuttle Discovery, and the 40th orbital shuttle mission overall. The primary purpose of the mission was to conduct a variety of payload experiments for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

STS-44 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis that launched on November 24, 1991. It was a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) space mission.

STS-66 was a Space Shuttle program mission that was flown by the Space Shuttle Atlantis. STS-66 launched on November 3, 1994, at 11:59:43.060 am EDT from Launch Pad 39-B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Atlantis landed at Edwards Air Force Base on November 14, 1994, at 10:33:45 am EST.

STS-76 was NASA's 76th Space Shuttle mission, and the 16th mission for Atlantis. STS-76 launched on 22 March 1996 at 08:13:04 UTC from Kennedy Space Center, launch pad 39B. STS-76 lasted over 9 days, traveled about 6,100,000 km (3,800,000 mi) while orbiting Earth an estimated 145 times, and landing at 13:28:57 UTC on 31 March 1996 at Edwards Air Force Base, runway 22.

STS-95 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 29 October 1998, using the orbiter Discovery. It was the 25th flight of Discovery and the 92nd mission flown since the start of the Space Shuttle program in April 1981. It was a highly publicized mission due to former Project Mercury astronaut and United States Senator John H. Glenn Jr.'s return to space for his second space flight. At age 77, Glenn became the oldest person to go into space, a record that remained unbroken for 23 years until 82-year-old Wally Funk flew on a suborbital flight on Blue Origin NS-16, launching on 20 July 2021, which in turn was broken by William Shatner at age 90 on 13 October 2021 and then by Ed Dwight on May 19 2024. Glenn, however, remains the oldest person to reach Earth orbit. This mission is also noted for inaugurating ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the U.S., with live coast-to-coast coverage of the launch. In another first, Pedro Duque became the first Spaniard in space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-122</span> 2008 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-122 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS), flown by the Space ShuttleAtlantis. STS-122 marked the 24th shuttle mission to the ISS, and the 121st Space Shuttle flight overall.

STS-135 was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter Atlantis and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 launched on July 8, 2011, and landed on July 21, 2011, following a one-day mission extension. The four-person crew was the smallest of any shuttle mission since STS-6 in April 1983. The mission's primary cargo was the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC), which were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS). The flight of Raffaello marked the only time that Atlantis carried an MPLM.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA Astronaut Group 9</span>

NASA Astronaut Group 9 was a group of 19 NASA astronauts announced on May 29, 1980, and completed their training by 1981. This group was selected to supplement the 35 astronauts that had been selected in 1978, and marked the first time that non-Americans were trained as mission specialists with the selections of ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Wubbo Ockels. In keeping with the previous group, astronaut candidates were divided into pilots and mission specialists, with eight pilots, eleven mission specialists, and two international mission specialists within the group.

NASA Astronaut Group 10 was a group of 17 astronauts that were announced on May 23, 1984 and consisted of seven pilots and ten mission specialists. Although selected in 1984, no member of the group would fly until 1988 due to the Challenger disaster and the resulting grounding of the Space Shuttle fleet.

References

↑ "STS-36". spacefacts.de. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
1 2 "Shuttle launch delayed until health, weather better". Bowling Green Daily News. February 22, 1990. p. 8B. Retrieved August 31, 2024– via Google News.
1 2 Recer, Paul (February 24, 1990). "Weather keeps shuttle on ground". The Free Lance-Star. Vol. 106, no. 47. p. 16. Retrieved September 20, 2024– via Google News.
1 2 3 4 5 Mechelay, Joseph E.; Germany, D. M.; Nicholson, Leonard S. (April 1, 1990). STS-36 Space Shuttle mission report (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19920007756 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
↑ Recer, Paul (February 28, 1990). "At last, shuttle goes up". The Free Lance-Star. Vol. 106, no. 50. pp. 1, 16. Retrieved October 12, 2024– via Google News.
↑ Sawyer, Kathy (February 25, 2024). "COMPUTER GLITCH SCRUBS SHUTTLE LAUNCH SECONDS FROM LIFTOFF". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved October 12, 2024.
↑ Healy, Melissa (February 25, 1990). "Shuttle Flight Called Off Just Before Launch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
↑ Mullane, Mike (2006). Riding Rockets: The Outrageous Tales of a Space Shuttle Astronaut. New York City, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0743296762.
↑ Recer, Paul (February 26, 1990). "Shuttle launch postponed for the fifth time". The Free Lance-Star. p. 6. Retrieved September 20, 2024– via Google News.
↑ Sawyer, Kathy (February 26, 1990). "WINDS, CLOUDS SCRUB LIFTOFF OF SPACE SHUTTLE AGAIN". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
↑ "AFP-675". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. January 7, 2022. 1990-019B. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
↑ "Chapter XII – The Hubble Space Telescope" (PDF). June 12, 2003. p. 483. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2003. Retrieved February 6, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
↑ "The Saga of USA 53 - Found, Lost, Found Again and Lost Again". FAS.org. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
↑ Macknight, Nigel, ed. (1990). Space year 1991: the complete record of the year's space events. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-87938-482-4. OCLC 23658738. OL 11177264M.
↑ Dumoulin, Jim. "STS-36". NASA. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
↑ Stevenson, Charles G.; Katnik, Gregory N.; Higginbotham, Scott A. (April 1, 1990). Debris/ice/TPS assessment and photographic analysis for Shuttle Mission STS-36 (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19900013267 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 27, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
↑ Hill, William C.; Finkel, Seymour I. (June 15, 1990). Mission Safety Evaluation Report for STS-36, Postflight Edition (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19920014001 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.

External links

STS-36 Video Highlights Archived October 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine – NSS.org
STS-36 Mission Summary Archived May 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine – NASA.gov

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Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[spacefacts-sts36-1] "STS-36". spacefacts.de. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2014.

[BGDN_2/22/1990-2] 1 2 "Shuttle launch delayed until health, weather better". Bowling Green Daily News. February 22, 1990. p. 8B. Retrieved August 31, 2024– via Google News.

[Recer_2/24/1990-3] 1 2 Recer, Paul (February 24, 1990). "Weather keeps shuttle on ground". The Free Lance-Star. Vol. 106, no. 47. p. 16. Retrieved September 20, 2024– via Google News.

[sts-36-mr-4] 1 2 3 4 5 Mechelay, Joseph E.; Germany, D. M.; Nicholson, Leonard S. (April 1, 1990). STS-36 Space Shuttle mission report (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19920007756 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.

[Recer_2/28/1990-5] Recer, Paul (February 28, 1990). "At last, shuttle goes up". The Free Lance-Star. Vol. 106, no. 50. pp. 1, 16. Retrieved October 12, 2024– via Google News.

[Sawyer-6] Sawyer, Kathy (February 25, 2024). "COMPUTER GLITCH SCRUBS SHUTTLE LAUNCH SECONDS FROM LIFTOFF". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved October 12, 2024.

[Healy-7] Healy, Melissa (February 25, 1990). "Shuttle Flight Called Off Just Before Launch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 12, 2024.

[Mullane_2006-8] Mullane, Mike (2006). Riding Rockets: The Outrageous Tales of a Space Shuttle Astronaut. New York City, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0743296762.

[fifth_scrub-9] Recer, Paul (February 26, 1990). "Shuttle launch postponed for the fifth time". The Free Lance-Star. p. 6. Retrieved September 20, 2024– via Google News.

[10] Sawyer, Kathy (February 26, 1990). "WINDS, CLOUDS SCRUB LIFTOFF OF SPACE SHUTTLE AGAIN". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 16, 2024.

[Misty-11] "AFP-675". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. January 7, 2022. 1990-019B. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[12] "Chapter XII – The Hubble Space Telescope" (PDF). June 12, 2003. p. 483. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2003. Retrieved February 6, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[FAS-13] "The Saga of USA 53 - Found, Lost, Found Again and Lost Again". FAS.org. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2011.

[macknight-1990-14] Macknight, Nigel, ed. (1990). Space year 1991: the complete record of the year's space events. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-87938-482-4. OCLC 23658738. OL 11177264M.

[Dumoulin-15] Dumoulin, Jim. "STS-36". NASA. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[sts36-analysis-16] Stevenson, Charles G.; Katnik, Gregory N.; Higginbotham, Scott A. (April 1, 1990). Debris/ice/TPS assessment and photographic analysis for Shuttle Mission STS-36 (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19900013267 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 27, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.

[mser-sts36-17] Hill, William C.; Finkel, Seymour I. (June 15, 1990). Mission Safety Evaluation Report for STS-36, Postflight Edition (PDF) (Technical report). NASA. hdl: 2060/19920014001 . Archived (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.

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v t e Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104)
Completed flights	STS-51-J STS-61-B STS-27 STS-30 STS-34 STS-36 STS-38 STS-37 STS-43 STS-44 STS-45 STS-46 STS-66 STS-71 STS-74 STS-76 STS-79 STS-81 STS-84 STS-86 STS-101 STS-106 STS-98 STS-104 STS-110 STS-112 STS-115 STS-117 STS-122 STS-125 STS-129 STS-132 STS-135
Status	Retired
On display	Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Merritt Island, Florida

v t e ← 1989 Orbital launches in 1990 1991 →
January	Skynet 4A, JCSAT-2 STS-32 (Leasat 5) Kosmos 2055 Kosmos 2056 SPOT-2, UoSAT-3, UoSAT-4, Pacsat, DOVE, Webersat, LUSat Molniya-3 No.53L Hiten, Hagoromo USA-50) Kosmos 2057 Kosmos 2058
February	Zhongxing 3 Kosmos 2059 Momo 1b, Orizuru, Fuju 1b Soyuz TM-9 USA-51, USA-52 Gran' No.35L Superbird B , BS 2x Nadezhda No.405 Okean-O1 No.5 STS-36 (USA-53) Progress M-3
March	Intelsat 603 Kosmos 2060 Kosmos 2061 Kosmos 2062 USA-54 Kosmos 2063
April	Ofek-2 Unnamed Pegsat, USA-55 Kosmos 2064, Kosmos 2065, Kosmos 2066, Kosmos 2067, Kosmos 2068, Kosmos 2069, Kosmos 2070, Kosmos 2071 AsiaSat 1 USA-56, USA-57, USA-58 Foton No.6L Kosmos 2072 Palapa B2R Kosmos 2073 Kosmos 2074 STS-31 (Hubble) Kosmos 2075 Molniya-1 No.71 Kosmos 2076
May	Progress 42 Kosmos 2077 MacSat 1, MacSat 2 Kosmos 2078 Kosmos 2079, Kosmos 2080, Kosmos 2081 Kosmos 2082 Resurs-F1 No.50 Kristall
June	ROSAT USA-59, USA-60, USA-61, USA-62 INSAT-1D Molniya 3 No.47L Kosmos 2083 Gorizont No.30L Kosmos 2084 Intelsat 604 Meteor-2 No.23
July	Unnamed Gamma Badr-1, Optus-MFS Resurs-F2 No.5 Kosmos 2085 Kosmos 2086 TDF 2, DFS Kopernikus 2 Kosmos 2087 CRRES Kosmos 2088
August	Soyuz TM-10 USA-63 Kosmos 2089 Kosmos 2090, Kosmos 2091, Kosmos 2092, Kosmos 2093, Kosmos 2094, Kosmos 2095 Ekran-M No.14L Molniya-1T No.68 Progress M-4 Resurs-F1 No.49 Marco Polo 2 Kosmos 2096 Kosmos 2097 Yuri 3a Kosmos 2098 Skynet 4C, Eutelsat II F-1 Kosmos 2099
September	Fengyun I-02, Qiqiuweixing 1, Qiqiuweixing 2 Resurs-F1 No.51 Kosmos 2100 Molniya-3 No.54L Progress M-5 Meteor-2 No.25
October	Kosmos 2101 USA-64 Unnamed FSW-1 No.3 STS-41 (Ulysses) SBS 6, Westar 6S Kosmos 2102 Inmarsat-2F1
November	Gorizont No.32L USA-65 Kosmos 2103 STS-38 (USA-67, Prowler) Kosmos 2104 Kosmos 2105 Satcom C1, GStar 4 Molniya 1T No.70 Gorizont No.33L USA-66 Kosmos 2106
December	USA-68 STS-35 Soyuz TM-11 Kosmos 2107 Kosmos 2108 Kosmos 2109, Kosmos 2110, Kosmos 2111 Kosmos 2112 Gran' No.37L Kosmos 2113 Kosmos 2114, Kosmos 2115, Kosmos 2116, Kosmos 2117, Kosmos 2118, Kosmos 2119 Kosmos 2120 Globus No.12
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).