STS-51-D

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STS-51-D
STS-51-D Syncom IV-3 activation effort.jpg
The crew attempt to activate Syncom IV-3 via a "flyswatter" device attached to Discovery's Canadarm
Names Space Transportation System-16
Mission type Communications satellite deployment
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID 1985-028A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 15641 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Mission duration6 days, 23 hours, 55 minutes, 23 seconds
Distance travelled4,650,658 km (2,889,785 mi)
Orbits completed110
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Space Shuttle Discovery
Launch mass113,802 kg (250,890 lb)
Landing mass89,818 kg (198,015 lb)
Payload mass13,039 kg (28,746 lb)
Crew
Crew size7
Members
EVAs 1
EVA duration3 hours, 6 minutes
Start of mission
Launch dateApril 12, 1985, 13:59:05 (April 12, 1985, 13:59:05)  UTC (8:59:05 am  EST)
Launch site Kennedy, LC-39A
Contractor Rockwell International
End of mission
Landing dateApril 19, 1985, 13:54:28 (April 19, 1985, 13:54:28) UTC (8:54:28 am EST)
Landing siteKennedy, SLF Runway 33
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric orbit [1]
Regime Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude 300 km (190 mi)
Apogee altitude 452 km (281 mi)
Inclination 28.45°
Period 94.40 minutes
Instruments
  • American Flight Echo-cardiograph (AFE)
  • Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES-III)
  • Getaway specials (GASs)Phase Partitioning Experiments (PPE)
Sts-51-d-patch.png
STS 51-D mission patch
STS-51-D Crew March 1985.jpg
Back row: Griggs, Walker and Garn
Front row: Bobko, Williams, Seddon and Hoffman
←  STS-51-C (15)
STS-51-B (17) →

STS-51-D was the 16th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the fourth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. [2] The launch of STS-51-D from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, on April 12, 1985, was delayed by 55 minutes, after a boat strayed into the restricted Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) recovery zone. STS-51-D was the third shuttle mission to be extended.

Contents

On April 19, 1985, after a week-long flight, Discovery conducted the fifth shuttle landing at KSC. The shuttle suffered extensive brake damage and a ruptured tire during landing. This forced shuttle landings to be done at Edwards Air Force Base, California for the next five years until the development and implementation of nose wheel steering made landings at KSC more feasible.

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander Karol J. Bobko
Second spaceflight
Pilot Donald E. Williams
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 Rhea Seddon
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2
Flight Engineer		 S. David Griggs
Only spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 Jeffrey A. Hoffman
First spaceflight
Payload Specialist 1 Charles D. Walker
Second spaceflight
McDonnell Douglas
Payload Specialist 2 Jake Garn (U.S. Sen. R-UT)
Only spaceflight
Congressional observer

Garn was a Republican Senator from Utah acting as a congressional observer. He was the first sitting member of Congress in space. Representative Bill Nelson (D-FL) would fly on STS-61-C the next year.

Spacewalk

Crew seat assignments

Seat [3] LaunchLanding Space Shuttle seating plan.svg
Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
1Bobko
2Williams
3SeddonHoffman
4Griggs
5HoffmanSeddon
6Walker
7Garn

Mission summary

During STS-51-D, the shuttle crew deployed two communications satellites: Telesat-I (Anik C1) and Syncom IV-3 (also known as Leasat-3); both were Hughes-built satellites. Telesat-I was attached to a Payload Assist Module (PAM-D) motor and successfully deployed. Syncom IV-3, however, failed to initiate antenna deployment and spin-up, or ignite its perigee kick motor upon deployment. The mission was consequently extended by two days to ensure that the satellite's spacecraft sequencer start lever was in its proper position. Griggs and Hoffman performed an unscheduled Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) to attach homemade "Flyswatter" devices to the shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm). Seddon then engaged the satellite's start lever using the RMS, but again the post-deployment sequence did not begin. [4] The satellite was subsequently retrieved, repaired and successfully redeployed during the STS-51-I mission later that year.

Discovery's other mission payloads included the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System III (CFES-III), which was flying for sixth time; two Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiments; the American Flight Echo-cardiograph (AFE); two Getaway specials (GASs); a set of Phase Partitioning Experiments (PPE); an astronomical photography verification test; various medical experiments; and "Toys in Space", an informal study of the behavior of simple toys in a microgravity environment, with the results being made available to school students upon the shuttle's return. [5]

Discovery landed on Runway 33 of the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center at 13:54:28 UTC (8:54:28 am EST local time at the landing site). As the orbiter approached the runway, it was buffeted by a 10-mile-per-hour (16 km/h) crosswind from the right, which pushed the orbiter 19 feet (5.8 m) left of the runway’s center line as the rear landing gear touched down. As the orbiter rolled out, the crosswind continued to push it towards the left, causing it to drift 65 feet (20 m) from the center line of the 300-foot-wide (91 m) runway. At this point, Commander Bobko began to counteract the drift by applying more pressure to the right-wheel brakes, a technique called differential steering, which brought the orbiter back to the center of the runway. However, he had to apply twice as much force to the right brakes and about 134 feet (41 m) before stopping the brakes on the right-side inboard tire locked up and 5 feet (1.5 m) before stopping the brakes on the right-side outboard tire locked up and the inboard tire blew. The incident prompted NASA to add nose wheel steering to the orbiters, which was complete by late 1985. [6] Until that work was completed, NASA would land the orbiters at the Edwards Air Force Base which offered the option of landing on a long and wide dry lake bed from more directions. Nose wheel steering was also implemented shortly before the Challenger disaster, which would ground the shuttle program for a time. Ultimately, it would be five years until a mission would again land at the SLF, when STS-38 had to divert there due to bad weather at Edwards.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities. [7]

Flight DaySongArtist/Composer
Day 2"Top of the World" The Carpenters
Day 3"Rescue Aid Society"Song from the Disney film, The Rescuers

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "SATCAT". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  2. ↑ "STS-51D Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 16, 2009.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  3. ↑ "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  4. ↑ Walker, Charles D. (April 14, 2005). "Oral History Transcript" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Johnson, Sandra. NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. Retrieved December 29, 2011.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. ↑ "STS-51D". NASA. February 18, 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2018.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  6. ↑ Otto, Dixon P. (1986). On Orbit: Bringing on the Space Shuttle. Athens, Ohio: Main Stage.
  7. ↑ Fries, Colin (June 25, 2007). "Chronology of Wakeup Calls" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2007.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
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