Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s,having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet crewed lunar programs. It is launched atop the similarly named Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Originally developed for the Soviet space program and derived from the crewed Soyuz spacecraft,Progress has been instrumental in maintaining long-duration space missions by providing consumables like food,water,and air,as well as maintenance equipment. Since its maiden flight in 1978,Progress has supported various space stations,including Salyut 6,Salyut 7,and Mir,and remains a key resupply vehicle for the International Space Station (ISS).
Nauka,also known as the Multipurpose Laboratory Module,Upgrade,is the primary laboratory of the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station (ISS). Serving alongside the Rassvet and Poisk mini-research modules,Nauka conducts scientific experiments and stores research equipment.
Kurs is an automated system for docking spacecraft used by the Soviet and later the Russian space program. The system is primarily used by Progress cargo spacecraft,Soyuz spacecraft and to dock new modules to the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station. The radio-based control system was developed by the Research Institute of Precision Instruments in Moscow before 1985 and initially manufactured by the Kiev Radio Factory. Kurs is now manufactured in Russia.
Poisk,also known as the Mini-Research Module 2,is a docking module of the International Space Station (ISS). Added in 2009,Poisk was the first major Russian addition to the International Space Station since 2001. Poisk is overall the same design as the docking module Pirs. Whereas Pirs was attached to the nadir ("bottom") port of Zvezda,Poisk is attached to the zenith ("top");Pirs was closer to the Earth with the ISS in its usual orientation,and Poisk is on the other side. Poisk is Russian for explore or search. Poisk combines various docking,EVA,and science capabilities. It has two egress hatches for EVAs in addition to the two spacecraft docking ports. Although Poisk is designated as Mini-Research Module 2,it arrived before Mini-Research Module 1 (Rassvet),which had a different design;Poisk looks more like the Pirs docking port,which is not designated as a mini-research module.
Soyuz TMA-18 was a 2010 Soyuz flight to the International Space Station (ISS). TMA-18 was the 105th crewed flight of a Soyuz spacecraft since the first crewed flight in 1967.
The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles Guidance,Navigation,and Control for the entire Station.
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Samokutyaev is a Russian politician and former cosmonaut. Samokutyaev served as a Flight Engineer for the International Space Station (ISS) long duration Expedition 27/28 missions. He also served as the Soyuz TMA-21 commander. He most recently served on the Soyuz TMA-14M Expedition 41/42 crew aboard the ISS. He was hired as a cosmonaut in the summer of 2003.
Docking and berthing of spacecraft is the joining of two space vehicles. This connection can be temporary,or partially permanent such as for space station modules.
Prichal,also known as the Uzlovoy Module is a Russian-built component of the International Space Station (ISS). This cylindrical module has six docking ports to provide additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft,as well as potential future modules.
Progress M-15M,identified by NASA as Progress 47P,is a Progress spacecraft used by Roskosmos to resupply the International Space Station during 2012. The fifteenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft,it has the serial number 415 and was built by RKK Energia. It arrived at the ISS in late April to deliver supplies to the Expedition 30 crew,and departed the ISS in late July 2012.
The Soyuz MS is the latest version of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft series,first launched in 2016. The "MS" stands for "modernized systems," reflecting upgrades primarily focused on the communications and navigation subsystems. An evolution of the Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft,the Soyuz MS features minimal external changes,mainly in the placement of antennas,sensors,and thrusters. It is used by Roscosmos for human spaceflight missions.
Soyuz MS-10 was a crewed Soyuz MS spaceflight that aborted shortly after launch on 11 October 2018 due to a failure of the Soyuz-FG launch vehicle boosters. MS-10 was the 139th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. It was intended to transport two members of the Expedition 57 crew to the International Space Station. A few minutes after liftoff,the craft went into contingency abort due to a booster failure and had to return to Earth. By the time the contingency abort was declared,the launch escape system (LES) tower had already been ejected and the capsule was pulled away from the rocket using the solid rocket jettison motors on the capsule fairing. Both crew members,Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin and NASA astronaut Nick Hague,were recovered in good health. The MS-10 flight abort was the first instance of a Russian crewed booster accident in 35 years,since Soyuz T-10-1 exploded on the launch pad in September 1983. On 1 November 2018,Russian scientists released a video recording of the mission.
Soyuz MS-13,also designated ISS flight 59S,was a crewed Soyuz mission launched on 20 July 2019 –the 50th anniversary of the first Moon landing –carrying three members of the Expedition 60 crew to the International Space Station:a Russian commander,an American flight engineer,and a European flight engineer. Soyuz MS-13 was the 142nd flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. It was at one point the last Soyuz flight contracted by NASA in the expectation that subsequent astronaut transport would be provided by the Commercial Crew Program,but in early 2019,NASA sought to purchase two additional Soyuz seats to provide greater certainty given delays in that program.
Soyuz MS-17 was a Soyuz spaceflight that was launched on 14 October 2020. It transported three crew members of the Expedition 63/64 crew to the International Space Station. Soyuz MS-17 was the 145th crewed flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. The crew consisted of a Russian commander and a Russian and American flight engineer.
Soyuz MS-18 was a Soyuz spaceflight that was launched on 9 April 2021 at 07:42:41 UTC. It transported three members of the Expedition 64 crew to the International Space Station (ISS). Soyuz MS-18 was the 146th crewed flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. The launching crew consisted of a Russian commander,a Russian flight engineer,and an American flight engineer of NASA. The spacecraft returned to Earth on 17 October 2021 following 191 days in space. The flight served as the landing vehicle for the Russian film director Klim Shipenko and actress Yulia Peresild who launched to the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-19 and spent twelve days in space in order to film a movie,Vyzov.
Soyuz MS-19 was a Soyuz spaceflight which launched on 5 October 2021,at 08:55:02 UTC. It was the 147th flight of a crewed Soyuz spacecraft. The launching crew consisted of Russian commander Anton Shkaplerov,Russian film director Klim Shipenko and Russian actress Yulia Peresild. Shipenko and Peresild spent about twelve days on the International Space Station before returning to Earth aboard Soyuz MS-18,while filming a movie in space,The Challenge. The MS-18 flight launched two crew members of the Expedition 66. Without an American astronaut,this launch marked the first time in more than 21 years that a Soyuz crew only included Russian cosmonauts and travelers and the ship had to be upgraded to be piloted by a single person at launch. This is also the first mission to the ISS with an entirely Russian crew.
Progress MS-17,Russian production No. 446,identified by NASA as Progress 78P,was a Progress spaceflight operated by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 169th flight of a Progress spacecraft.
Progress MS-21,Russian production No.451,identified by NASA as Progress 82P,was a Progress spaceflight launched by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was the 174th flight of a Progress spacecraft.
