Kounotori 5

Last updated

Kounotori 5
ISS-44 Purple Aurora australis.jpg
A view of the docked Kounotori 5 spacecraft from the Cupola, with Aurora Australis in the background.
Mission type ISS resupply
Operator JAXA
COSPAR ID 2015-038A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 40873
Mission duration41 days
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
Manufacturer Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Launch mass16557 kg[ citation needed ]
Dry mass10500 kg
Start of mission
Launch date19 August 2015, 11:50:49 UTC
Rocket H-IIB No. 5
Launch site Tanegashima, Yoshinobu-2
Contractor Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
End of mission
DisposalDeorbited
Decay date29 September 2015,
20:33 UTC
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric orbit [1]
Regime Low Earth orbit
Inclination 51.66°
Berthing at ISS
Berthing port Harmony
RMS capture24 August 2015, 10:28 UTC
Berthing date24 August 2015, 17:28 UTC
Unberthing date28 September 2015,
11:12 UTC
RMS release28 September 2015,
16:53 UTC
Time berthed34 days, 23 hours, 25 minutes
Cargo
Mass6057 kg
Pressurised4557 kg[ citation needed ]
Unpressurised1500 kg[ citation needed ]

Kounotori 5, also known as HTV-5, was the fifth flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched to resupply the International Space Station. It was launched on 19 August 2015.

Contents

Specifications

Major changes of Kounotori 5 from previous Kounotori are: [2]

When approaching the ISS, previous missions were held at the Approach Initiation (AI) point at 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) behind the ISS for system checkout, but Kounotori 5 was changed to continue the approach without holding, to simplify the operation. [2]

Cargo

Kounotori 5 was originally planned to carry about 5.5 tonnes (5.4 long tons; 6.1 short tons) of cargo, consisting of 4,500 kilograms (9,900 lb) in the pressurised compartment and 1000 kg in the unpressurised compartment. [2] Due primarily to the launch failure of SpaceX CRS-7, an additional 200 kilograms (440 lb) were added as the late access cargo. Total cargo weight was 6,057 kilograms (13,353 lb). [6]

Pressurised cargo includes: [2] [7] potable water (600 litres (130 imp gal; 160 US gal)), food, crew commodities, system components, and science experiment equipments. System components includes: UPA Fluids Control and Pump Assembly (FCPA), WPA Multifiltration Beds (WFB), a galley rack to be placed in Unity, and a Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) pack. Science experiment equipments include Mouse Habitat Unit (MHU), Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF), Multi-purpose Small Payload Rack (MSPR-2), Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM-2), NanoRacks External Platform (NREP), and CubeSats (SERPENS  [ pt ], S-CUBE, fourteen Flock-2b, [8] AAUSAT5, and GOMX-3).

Unpressurised cargo consists of the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET). [2] Plans for a NASA unpressurised module were canceled. [9]

Upon departure from ISS, the unpressurised cargo bay will carry the Multi-mission Consolidated Equipment (MCE) package, the Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES), and a NASA experiment module, Space Test Program Houston 4 (STP-H4), until its destructive reentry in the Atmosphere of Earth. [2]

Operation

Launch and rendezvous with the ISS

Kounotori 5 was originally planned for launch in 2014 but was later postponed due to delays in the construction and qualification testing [ citation needed ] of the payload to fly on the capsule. [10]

In June 2015, it was scheduled to be launched at around 13:01 UTC on 16 August 2015. [11] Due to the bad weather forecast, on 14 August 2015 the launch was postponed to 17 August 2015, [12] and then on 16 August it was postponed again to 19 August 2015. [13]

Kounotori 5 was successfully launched with a H-IIB No. 5 (H-IIB F5) Launch vehicle flying from pad 2 of the Yoshinobu Launch Complex at Tanegashima Space Center at 11:50:49 UTC on 19 August 2015. [14] Communication and three-axis attitude controls were established shortly after the launch. [15] Phase Manoeuvre was performed by 19:25 UTC on 20 August 2015, [16] and the first Height Adjustment Manoeuvre by 17:55 UTC on 22 August 2015. [17] The second and third Height Adjustment Manoeuvre were performed by 03:07 and 06:12 UTC on 24 August 2015, respectively. [18] [19]

The ISS's robotic arm SSRMS grappled Kounotori 5 at 10:29 UTC on 24 August 2015, and fastened it to the ISS's Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) at 14:58 UTC on 24 August 2015. All berthing operations were completed at 17:28 UTC on 24 August 2015. [20]

Operation while berthed to ISS

From 02:27 UTC on 25 August 2015, the Exposed Pallet (EP), which is carrying CALET, was extracted from Kounotori 5's Unpressurised Logistics Carrier (ULC) by the ground-controlled SSRMS, and handed off to the Japanese Experiment Module Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS), which is also remote-controlled from ground. The JEMRMS then attached the palette to the JEM Exposed Facility (EF). [21] [22] Later, at 14:29 UTC on the same day, CALET was removed from the pallet and installed to the Exposed Facility by the JEMRMS. [23]

The ISS crew opened the hatch of the Kounotori's Common Berthing Mechanism and entered to Pressurized Logistics Carrier at 10:24 UTC on 25 August 2015, [21] and began transferring the cargo.

Departure from ISS and reentry into the Earth's atmosphere

Kounotori 5 was unberthed from the CBM at 11:12 UTC, 28 September 2015 by SSRMS robotic arm and moved to the release position. The first attempt of the release at 15:20 UTC was aborted due to an anomaly of the SSRMS. [24] After one ISS orbit, Kounotori 5 was released from the SSRMS at 16:53 UTC, 28 September 2015, Expedition 45 Flight Engineer Kimiya Yui of JAXA, backed up by NASA Flight Engineer Kjell N. Lindgren, commanded the SSRMS.

After the orbit control manoeuvre, Kounotori 5 reentered Earth's atmosphere over the southern Pacific Ocean around 20:33 UTC, on 29 September 2015. [25]

Related Research Articles

<i>Kibō</i> (ISS module) Japanese ISS module, used on ISS press conferences

The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), nicknamed Kibō, is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. The third and final components were launched on STS-127.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JAXA</span> Japans national air and space agency

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H-II Transfer Vehicle</span> Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by JAXA

The H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), also called Kounotori, is an expendable, automated cargo spacecraft used to resupply the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) and the International Space Station (ISS). The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been working on the design since the early 1990s. The first mission, HTV-1, was originally intended to be launched in 2001. It launched at 17:01 UTC on 10 September 2009 on an H-IIB launch vehicle. The name Kounotori was chosen for the HTV by JAXA because "a white stork carries an image of conveying an important thing, therefore, it precisely expresses the HTV's mission to transport essential materials to the ISS". The HTV is very important for resupplying the ISS because after the retirement of the Space Shuttle it is the only vehicle that can transfer new 41.3 in (105 cm) wide International Standard Payload Racks (ISPRs) and dispose old ISPRs that can fit the 51 in (130 cm) wide tunnels between modules in the US Orbital Segment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station</span>

Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian Progress spacecraft, European Automated Transfer Vehicles, Japanese Kounotori vehicles, and the American Dragon and Cygnus spacecraft. The primary docking system for Progress spacecraft is the automated Kurs system, with the manual TORU system as a backup. ATVs also use Kurs, however they are not equipped with TORU. The other spacecraft — the Japanese HTV, the SpaceX Dragon and the Northrop Grumman Cygnus — rendezvous with the station before being grappled using Canadarm2 and berthed at the nadir port of the Harmony or Unity module for one to two months. Progress, Cygnus and ATV can remain docked for up to six months. Under CRS phase 2, Cargo Dragon docks autonomously at IDA-2 or 3 as the case may be. As of December 2022, Progress spacecraft have flown most of the uncrewed missions to the ISS.

RAIKO is a Japanese satellite which was built and operated by Tohoku and Wakayama Universities. A two-unit CubeSat, RAIKO was deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) on 4 October 2012, having been launched on 21 July 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H-IIB</span> Expendable launch system

H-IIB (H2B) was an expendable space launch system jointly developed by the Japanese government's space agency JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. It was used to launch the H-II Transfer Vehicle cargo spacecraft for the International Space Station. The H-IIB was a liquid-fueled rocket, with solid-fuel strap-on boosters and was launched from the Tanegashima Space Center in southern Japan. H-IIB made its first flight in 2009, and had made a total of nine flights through 2020 with no failures.

Space logistics is "the theory and practice of driving space system design for operability and supportability, and of managing the flow of materiel, services, and information needed throughout a space system lifecycle." It includes terrestrial logistics in support of space travel, including any additional "design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of space materiel", movement of people in space, and contracting and supplying any required support services for maintaining space travel. The space logistics research and practice primarily focus on the modeling and management of the astro-logistics supply chain from Earth and on to destinations throughout the solar system as well as the system architecture strategies to minimize both logistics requirements and operational costs of human and robotic operations in space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Expedition 27</span> Long-duration mission to the International Space Station

Expedition 27 was the 27th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS), starting on 16 March 2011. Expedition 27 saw numerous notable events, including the undocking of the Progress M-09M and Kounotori 2 spacecraft, the arrival of the Soyuz TMA-21 and Progress M-10M spacecraft, and the final rendezvous with the ISS of NASA's Space Shuttle Endeavour, on its last mission, STS-134. The expedition ended on 23 May 2011 with the departure of the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft, although command of the station was ceremonially handed over to the crew of Expedition 28 on 22 May.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTV-1</span> 2009 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

HTV-1, also known as the HTV Demonstration Flight or HTV Technical Demonstration Vehicle, was the first flight of the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) H-II Transfer Vehicle, launched in September 2009 to resupply the International Space Station and support the JAXA Kibō module or Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). It was an uncrewed cargo spacecraft carrying a mixture of pressurised and unpressurised cargo to the International Space Station. After a 52-day successful mission, HTV departed the ISS on 31 October 2009 after being released by the station's robotic arm. The spacecraft re-entered in the atmosphere of Earth on 1 November 2009 and disintegrated on re-entry as planned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 2</span> 2011 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 2, also known as HTV-2, was launched in January 2011 and was the second flight of the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was launched by the H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 2 manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and JAXA. After the supplies were unloaded, Kounotori 2 was loaded with waste material from ISS, including used experiment equipment and used clothes. Kounotori 2 was then unberthed and separated from the ISS and burned up upon reentering the atmosphere on 30 March 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comparison of space station cargo vehicles</span>

A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry cargo to and from space stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ArduSat</span> Arduino-based CubeSat science project

ArduSat is an Arduino based nanosatellite, based on the CubeSat standard. It contains a set of Arduino boards and sensors. The general public will be allowed to use these Arduinos and sensors for their own creative purposes while they are in space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 3</span> 2012 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 3, also known as HTV-3, was the third flight of the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle. It was launched on 21 July 2012 to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 3 manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and JAXA. Kounotori 3 arrived at the ISS on 27 July 2012, and Expedition 32 Flight Engineer and JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide used the International Space Station's Canadarm2 robotic arm to install Kounotori 3, to its docking port on the Earth-facing side (nadir) of the Harmony module at 14:34 UTC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 4</span> 2013 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 4, also known as HTV-4, was the fourth flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched in August 2013 to resupply the International Space Station. It launched from Tanegashima Space Center aboard H-IIB No. 4 rocket on 3 August 2013 and connected to ISS by 9 August 2013; it carried 5,400 kilograms (11,900 lb) of cargo. Kounotori 4 undocked on 4 September 2013 and was destroyed by reentry on 7 September 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 6</span> 2016 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 6 (こうのとり6号機), also known as HTV-6, was the sixth flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched to resupply the International Space Station. It was launched at 13:26:47 UTC on 9 December 2016 aboard H-IIB launch vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calorimetric Electron Telescope</span> 2015 Japanese space observatory

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space telescope being mainly used to perform high precision observations of electrons and gamma rays. It tracks the trajectory of electrons, protons, nuclei, and gamma rays and measures their direction, charge and energy, which may help understand the nature of dark matter or nearby sources of high-energy particle acceleration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 9</span> 2020 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 9 (こうのとり9号機), also known as HTV-9 was the 9th flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, a robotic cargo spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was launched on 20 May 2020, at 17:31:00 UTC.

New Space-Station Resupply Vehicle, tentatively called HTV-X, is an uncrewed expendable cargo spacecraft under development by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) as the successor of H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV). As of December 2023, the first flight is planned to be launched in early 2025 to resupply the International Space Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 7</span> 2018 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 7 (こうのとり7号機), also known as HTV-7, was the seventh flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched on 22 September 2018 to resupply the International Space Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kounotori 8</span> 2019 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS

Kounotori 8 (こうのとり8号機), also known as HTV-8 was the 8th flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, a robotic cargo spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station. It was launched on 24 September 2019, 16:05:05 UTC.

References

  1. ↑ "HTV-5 Satellite details 2015-038A NORAD 40873". N2YO. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 宇宙ステーション補給機「こうのとり」5号機(HTV5)ミッションプレスキット (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  3. ↑ Kawasaki, Osamu; Tsujita, Daisuke; Ichikawa, Chiaki (March 2013). HTV電力系の軌道上運用による設計評価と高度化検討 [Evaluation of HTV Electrical Power System and Design Improvement by On-orbit Operation compared with Simulation]. 32nd ISAS Space Energy Symposium. 第32回宇宙エネルギーシンポジウム (in Japanese). ISAS/JAXA. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  4. ↑ No.1865 :「こうのとり」５号機の機体公開. Space Authors Club (in Japanese). 1 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "Demonstration Experiment of Space Debris Sensor on HTV-5" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  6. ↑ 「こうのとり」（HTV）5号機の搭載物変更について (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. 31 July 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  7. ↑ Dunn, Andrea (15 August 2015). "Stork Set to Make Special Space Station Delivery". nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved 15 August 2015.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  8. ↑ Holm, Rachel (13 August 2015). "Kounotori "White Stork" to Carry 14 Doves to ISS". Planet Pulse. Planet Labs. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  9. ↑ 宇宙ステーション補給機「こうのとり」5号機（HTV5）の接近・係留・離脱フェーズに係る安全検証結果について (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  10. ↑ 無人輸送機「こうのとり」打ち上げ先送り 積み荷準備遅れ (in Japanese). Nikkei. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  11. ↑ "Launch of the H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI5" (HTV5) aboard the H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 5". JAXA. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "Launch Postponement of H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 5 with H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI5" (HTV5) Onboard". JAXA. 14 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  13. ↑ "Launch Postponement of H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 5 with H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI5" (HTV5) Onboard". JAXA. 16 August 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  14. ↑ "Launch Success of H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI5" (HTV5) by H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 5". JAXA. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  15. ↑ "KOUNOTORI5 Establishes Three-Axis Attitude". JAXA. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  16. ↑ "KOUNOTORI5 Completes the First Phase Manoeuvre". JAXA. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  17. ↑ "KOUNOTORI5 Completes the First Height Adjustment Manoeuvre". JAXA. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "KOUNOTORI5 Completes the Second Height Adjustment Maneuver". JAXA. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "KOUNOTORI5 Completes the Third Height Adjustment Manoeuvre". JAXA. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  20. ↑ "ISS Crew Concludes KOUNOTORI5 Berthing Operations". JAXA. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  21. 1 2 "Transfer of the Exposed Pallet (EP) was completed. Crew entered KOUNOTORI5". JAXA. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  22. ↑ "ISS Daily Summary Report – 08/25/15". ISS On-Orbit Status Report. NASA. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  23. ↑ "CALET installation completed". JAXA. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  24. ↑ "ISS Daily Summary Report – 09/28/15". NASA. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  25. ↑ "Successful re-entry of H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI5" (HTV5)". JAXA. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.