SpaceX CRS-2

Last updated

SpaceX CRS-2
SpX CRS-2 berthing.jpg
The Dragon spacecraft being berthed to Harmony on 3 March 2013
NamesSpX-2
Mission type ISS resupply
Operator SpaceX
COSPAR ID 2013-010A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 39115 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Mission duration25 days, 1 hour, 24 minutes
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftDragon 1 C104
Spacecraft type Dragon 1
ManufacturerSpaceX
Launch mass6,000 kg (13,000 lb)
DimensionsHeight: 8.1 m (27 ft)
Diameter:4 m (13 ft)
Start of mission
Launch date1 March 2013, 15:10  UTC [1]
Rocket Falcon 9 v1.0 (B0007)
Launch site Cape Canaveral, SLC40 [1] [2]
End of mission
DisposalRecovered
Landing date26 March 2013, 16:34 UTC [3]
Landing site Pacific Ocean
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric orbit [4]
Regime Low Earth orbit
Inclination 51.6°
Berthing at ISS
Berthing port Harmony nadir
RMS capture3 March 2013, 10:31 UTC
Berthing date3 March 2013, 13:56 UTC [5]
Unberthing date26 March 2013, 08:10 UTC [3]
RMS release26 March 2013, 10:56 UTC
Time berthed22 days, 18 hours, 14 minutes
Cargo
Mass898 kg (1,980 lb)
Pressurised677 kg (1,493 lb)
Unpressurised221 kg (487 lb)
SpaceX CRS-2 Patch.png
NASA SpX-2 mission patch

SpaceX CRS-2, also known as SpX-2, [6] was the fourth flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft, the fifth and final flight for the company's two-stage Falcon 9 v1.0 launch vehicle, and the second SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract.

Contents

The launch occurred on 1 March 2013. [1] A minor technical issue on the Dragon spacecraft involving the RCS thruster pods occurred upon reaching orbit, but it was recoverable. [7] The vehicle was released from the station on 26 March 2013, at 10:56 UTC and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 16:34 UTC. [3]

History

The SpaceX CRS-2 Falcon 9 launching on 1 March 2013 SpX CRS-2 launch - cropped.jpg
The SpaceX CRS-2 Falcon 9 launching on 1 March 2013

The planned shipment of the Falcon 9 first stage from Texas to the Florida launch site was delayed due to the ongoing investigation of the engine failure that occurred on the previous flight. [8] In late November 2012, it was reported that the CRS-2 Falcon 9 had been transported to Cape Canaveral (CCAFS). [9] A static fire test occurred for the CRS-2 Falcon 9 on 25 February 2013. [10]

Firsts

The Dragon unpressurized trunk section, which allows the transport of unpressurized cargo to the ISS, had its first use on this flight. [11] This cargo consisted of two Heat Rejection Subsystem Grapple Fixtures (HRSGFs), which are essentially bars to be attached to the ISS radiators to allow for future movement work.

Payload

When launched the CRS-2 Dragon was filled with about 677 kg (1,493 lb) of cargo, 575 kg (1,268 lb) without packaging. [12] Included is 81 kg (179 lb) of crew supplies, 347 kg (765 lb) of scientific experiments and experiment hardware, 135 kg (298 lb) of hardware for the station and other miscellaneous items, [12] among them a CD copy of the song "Up in the Air" by rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, was premiered on board the International Space Station (ISS) on 18 March 2013, during a NASA TV broadcast from the station. [13] The two Heat Rejection Subsystem Grapple Fixtures (HRSGFs) had a combined weight of 221 kg (487 lb) and were transported to the ISS inside the unpressurized Dragon trunk as external cargo. [14]

The Dragon returned 1,370 kg (3,020 lb) of cargo, 1,210 kg (2,670 lb) without packaging. [12] Included is 95 kg (209 lb) of crew supplies, 660 kg (1,460 lb) of scientific experiments and experiment hardware, 401 kg (884 lb) of space station hardware, 38 kg (84 lb) of spacesuit equipment and other miscellaneous items. [12]

Dragon thruster pods anomaly

Shortly after second stage separation, at 15:45 UTC on 1 March 2013, the Dragon spacecraft encountered technical problems involving its propulsion system. "When priming its four Draco Thruster Pods, the vehicle detected insufficient pressurization on the oxidizer (Nitrogen Tetroxide) system" of three of the pods which "caused the Flight Computers to place the vehicle in Passive Abort Mode". In this mode, Dragon is not executing any more orbital operations. Its thruster system was disabled and the solar panels were not deployed since the vehicle had not achieved its proper solar panels deployment attitude. "Dragon is programmed not to open its solar panels outside its proper attitude configuration to avoid contact with the second stage. This rule is in place for scenarios in which Dragon is not properly separated from the Falcon 9 booster. As time progressed, teams working at SpaceX Mission Control, MCC-X in Hawthorne, California, started assessments of the issue". [15] During the early minutes and hours of the mission, the mission progress news came in bits, some of it over social media. An update from Elon Musk on Twitter clarified:

Issue with Dragon thruster pods. System inhibiting three of four from initializing. About to command inhibit override. [16]

At 16:12 UTC, Elon Musk announced that a "command inhibit override" would be issued as the Dragon module was "about to pass over Australia ground station". [17] Initially solar panels deployment was held "until at least two thruster pods are active". [18] SpaceX Mission Control decided to proceed with solar deployment due to array temperatures while the spacecraft was not in active attitude control at 16:40 UTC: [15] "Thruster pod 3 tank pressure trending positive. Preparing to deploy solar arrays". [19] At 16:50 UTC, solar arrays had successfully been deployed on the Dragon spacecraft. [20] Three of the four thruster pods on the Dragon spacecraft must be operational for berthing to be allowed with the International Space Station. After making corrections, SpaceX regained control of all four thruster pods and would be able to correct its course to the ISS. According to Elon Musk, "All systems green". [21] NASA officials said that the spacecraft would not rendezvous with the ISS on 2 March 2013 as was originally planned. It would instead rendezvous on 3 March 2013. [5] [22] Dragon was grappled with Canadarm2 by NASA Expedition 34 commander Kevin Ford and NASA flight engineer Tom Marshburn at 10:31 UTC on 3 March 2013, and was berthed to the nadir (Earth-facing) docking port of the Harmony module at 13:56 UTC. [23]

Remainder of mission (3 to 26 March 2013)

On 6 March 2013, the space station's Canadarm2 removed the grapple bars from Dragon's trunk. This event marked the first delivery of unpressurized cargo from a commercial spacecraft to the ISS. [24] The spacecraft's return to Earth was postponed to 26 March 2013 from its originally scheduled date of 25 March 2013 due to inclement weather developing near its targeted splashdown site in the Pacific Ocean. The additional day spent attached to the orbiting laboratory did not affect science samples scheduled to return aboard the spacecraft. [25] [26]

On 26 March 2013, Dragon was unberthed from the Harmony node by the Canadarm2 at 08:10 UTC by commands from ground controllers. Its release from Canadarm2 occurred at 10:56 UTC; the Expedition 35 crew then commanded the spacecraft to slowly depart from the International Space Station. The SpaceX Dragon fired its engines for the last time at 15:42 UTC sending it through the atmosphere of Earth for a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean at 16:34 UTC. A team of SpaceX engineers, technicians and divers recovered the vehicle and its scientific cargo off the coast of Baja California, for the journey back to shore which took about 30 hours. [3]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX Dragon</span> Family of SpaceX spacecraft

Dragon is a family of spacecraft developed and produced by American private space transportation company SpaceX.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cygnus (spacecraft)</span> Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences

Cygnus is an expendable American cargo spacecraft used for International Space Station (ISS) logistics missions. Cygnus was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation, partially funded by NASA under the agency's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. To create Cygnus, Orbital paired the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, built by Thales Alenia Space and previously used by the Space Shuttle for ISS logistics, with a service module based on Orbital's GEOStar, a satellite bus. After a successful demonstration flight in 2013, Orbital was chosen to receive a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract. A larger Enhanced Cygnus was introduced in 2015. Orbital Sciences was renamed Orbital ATK in 2015 and Northrop Grumman purchased Orbital in 2018 and has continued to operate Cygnus missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commercial Resupply Services</span> NASA program for delivery of cargo to the ISS

Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) are a series of flights awarded by NASA for the delivery of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) on commercially operated spacecraft. The first CRS contracts were signed in 2008 and awarded $1.6 billion to SpaceX for twelve cargo Dragon and $1.9 billion to Orbital Sciences for eight Cygnus flights, covering deliveries to 2016. The Falcon 9 and Antares rockets were also developed under the CRS program to deliver cargo spacecraft to the ISS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2</span> 2012 American test spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2, also known as Dragon C2+, was the second test-flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Cargo Dragon spacecraft. It launched in May 2012 on the third flight of the company's two-stage Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The flight was performed under a funded agreement from NASA as the second Dragon demonstration mission in the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The purpose of the COTS program is to develop and demonstrate commercial sources for cargo re-supply of the International Space Station (ISS). The Dragon C2+ spacecraft was the first American vehicle to visit the ISS since the end of the Space Shuttle program. It was also the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous and berth with another spacecraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-1</span> 2012 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-1, also known as SpX-1, was SpaceX's first operational cargo mission to the International Space Station, under their Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. It was the third flight for the uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft, and the fourth overall flight for the company's two-stage Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The launch occurred on 8 October 2012 at 00:34:07 UTC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-3</span> 2014 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-3, also known as SpX-3, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS), contracted to NASA, which was launched on 18 April 2014. It was the fifth flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft and the third SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-8</span> 2016 American spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-8, also known as SpX-8, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which was launched on April 8, 2016, at 20:43 UTC. It was the 23rd flight of a Falcon 9 rocket, the tenth flight of a Dragon cargo spacecraft and the eighth operational mission contracted to SpaceX by NASA under the Commercial Resupply Services program. The capsule carried over 3,100 kilograms (6,800 lb) of cargo to the ISS including the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM), a prototype inflatable space habitat delivered in the vehicle's trunk, which was attached to the station and, as of May 2022, is expected to remain so for five more full years of in-orbit viability tests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-5</span> 2015 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-5, also known as SpX-5, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS), conducted by SpaceX for NASA, and was launched on 10 January 2015 and ended on 11 February 2015. It was the seventh flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft and the fifth SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under an ISS resupply services contract.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-6</span> 2015 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-6, also known as SpX-6, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station, contracted to NASA. It was the eighth flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft and the sixth SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under a Commercial Resupply Services contract. It was docked to the International Space Station from 17 April to 21 May 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX Dragon 2</span> 2020s class of partially reusable spacecraft

Dragon 2 is a class of partially reusable spacecraft developed, manufactured, and operated by American space company SpaceX, for flights to the International Space Station (ISS) and private spaceflight missions. There are two variants of the Dragon spacecraft: Crew Dragon, capable of ferrying four crewmembers, and Cargo Dragon, a replacement for the original Dragon 1 used to carry freight to and from space. The spacecraft consists of a reusable space capsule and an expendable trunk module. The spacecraft launches atop a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket and the capsule returns to Earth through splashdown. It has proven to be the most cost effective spacecraft in history to be used by NASA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-9</span> 2016 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-9, also known as SpX-9, is a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station which launched on 18 July 2016. The mission was contracted by NASA and is operated by SpaceX using a Dragon capsule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-10</span> 2017 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-10, also known as SpX-10, was a Dragon Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which launched on 19 February 2017. The mission was contracted by NASA as part of its Commercial Resupply Services program and was launched by SpaceX aboard the 30th flight of the Falcon 9 rocket. The mission ended on 19 March 2017 when the Dragon spacecraft left the ISS and safely returned to Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-11</span> 2017 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-11, also known as SpX-11, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station, launched successfully on 3 June 2017. The mission was contracted by NASA and was flown by SpaceX. The mission utilized a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was the first reuse of C106, a CRS Dragon cargo vessel that was previously flown on the CRS-4 mission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-12</span> 2017 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-12, also known as SpX-12, was a Commercial Resupply Services mission to the International Space Station launched on 14 August 2017. The mission was contracted by NASA and was flown by SpaceX using a new Dragon capsule. The Falcon 9 rocket's reusable first stage performed a controlled landing on Landing Zone 1 (LZ1) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. After delivering more than 2,900 kilograms (6,400 lb) of cargo, the Dragon spacecraft returned to Earth on 17 September 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-13</span> 2017 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-13, also known as SpX-13, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station launched on 15 December 2017. The mission was contracted by NASA and is flown by SpaceX. It was the second mission to successfully reuse a Dragon capsule, previously flown on CRS-6. The first stage of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket was the previously flown, "flight-proven" core from CRS-11. The first stage returned to land at Cape Canaveral's Landing Zone 1 after separation of the first and second stage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-14</span> 2018 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-14, also known as SpX-14, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station launched on 2 April 2018. The mission was contracted by NASA and was flown by SpaceX. This mission reused the Falcon 9 first stage booster previously flown on CRS-12 and the Dragon capsule flown on CRS-8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-15</span> 2018 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-15, also known as SpX-15, was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station launched 29 June 2018 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. The mission was contracted by NASA and flown by SpaceX.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-17</span> 2019 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-17, also known as SpX-17, was a Commercial Resupply Services mission (CRS) to the International Space Station that was launched aboard a Falcon 9 rocket on 4 May 2019. The mission was contracted by NASA and was flown by SpaceX. An umbilical connection from the strongback remained attached to the spacecraft and is visible in photos taken of it approaching & attached to the ISS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX Dragon 1</span> Partially reusable cargo space capsule

Dragon, also known as Dragon 1 or Cargo Dragon, was a class of fourteen partially reusable cargo spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. The spacecraft flew 23 missions between 2010 and 2020. Dragon was launched into orbit by the company's Falcon 9 launch vehicle to resupply the International Space Station (ISS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SpaceX CRS-28</span> 2023 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS

SpaceX CRS-28, also known as SpX-28, is a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched on 5 June 2023. The mission was contracted by NASA and flown by SpaceX using Cargo Dragon ship C208. It was the eighth flight for SpaceX under NASA's CRS Phase 2.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Worldwide Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  2. "SpaceX Launch Manifest". SpaceX. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Dragon Splashes Down in Pacific Ocean". NASA. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. "DRAGON CRS-2". N2YO.com. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  5. 1 2 "Dragon Docking With Station Set for Sunday". NASA. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. "International Space Station Program Overview" (PDF). NASA. November 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  7. Hennigan, W. J. (1 March 2013). "SpaceX launches to space station, but experiences problem in orbit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  8. "Dragon CRS-1 Mission Updates". Spaceflight101.com. 28 October 2012. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  9. Dean, James (24 November 2012). "SpaceX engine probe delays January flight". Florida Today. Retrieved 25 November 2012. SpaceX has delivered a Falcon 9 rocket to Cape Canaveral while continuing an engine-problem investigation that will delay the booster's planned launch from mid-January to early March
  10. "SpaceX conducts successful static fire test". SpaceRef.com. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  11. Bergin, Chris (19 October 2012). "Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues – Falcon 9 investigation begins". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012. CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon's Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS' robotic assets after berthing.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "SpaceX 2 Cargo Manifest" (PDF). NASA. February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. Makarechi, Kia (28 February 2013). "Thirty Seconds To Mars, 'Up In The Air' To Be Sent Into Space By NASA". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  14. Shireman, Kirk (April 2013). "International Space Station Program Status" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  15. 1 2 "Dragon CRS-2/SpX-2 Mission Updates". Spaceflight101.com. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  16. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "Issue with Dragon thruster..." Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  17. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "About to pass over Australia..." Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  18. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "Holding on solar array deployment..." Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  19. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "Thruster pod 3 tank pressure..." Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  20. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "Solar array deployment successful". Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  21. Musk, Elon (1 March 2013). "Thruster pods one through four..." Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  22. "Space X Dragon Returns To Earth: Complete Coverage". SPACE.com. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  23. "SpaceX's Dragon Carrying NASA Cargo Resupplies Space Station". NASA. 3 March 2013.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. Bergin, Chris (6 March 2013). "SSRMS removes payload from Dragon trunk to mark new milestone". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  25. "Ongoing Science as Crew Counts Down to Dragon Departure, New Trio". NASA. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  26. Bergin, Chris (22 March 2013). "CRS-2 Dragon homecoming delayed due to high seas in the splashdown zone". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 7 April 2013.