This is a list of crewed and uncrewed flights of Soyuz series spacecraft.
The Soyuz programme is an ongoing human spaceflight programme which was initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It is the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes. Since the 1990s, as the successor state to the Soviet Union, Russia has continued and expanded the programme, which became part of a multinational collaboration to ensure a permanent human presence in low Earth orbit on the International Space Station (ISS). Soyuz spacecraft previously visited the Salyut and Mir space stations. Between the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011 and the first orbital flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon in 2019, Soyuz were the only human-rated orbital spacecraft in operation, and the only way to transport crews to the ISS. Russia plans to succeed Soyuz in the 2020s with the Federatsiya/Orel programme, using new reusable capsules launching on Angara rockets, to transport cosmonauts to orbit and to a space station around the Moon.
Beginning in 1966, the Soyuz programme has sent humans into space on a regular basis for over fifty years. Due to its length, the program has a complex history, which may lead to confusion about its mission numbers. The mission numbering scheme for crewed Soyuz flights is closely related to the generations of spacecraft. Understanding the former is made significantly easier by understanding the latter.
The first era of the Soyuz programme's crewed missions (Soyuz 1-40) used the 7K series of Soyuz craft, which included the first-generation (1.0) Soyuz 7K-OK, a variant (1.5) Soyuz 7K-OKS, the second-generation (2.0) Soyuz 7K-T, and the (2.5) Soyuz 7K-TM variant. Following this first era, successive eras of crewed missions have had mission numbers which were directly tied to the names of craft used:
Within each given era, a mission number generally reflects the mission's chronological launch order, e.g. Soyuz TMA-12M was the twelfth mission of the TMA-M era, immediately preceded by Soyuz TMA-11M and immediately followed by Soyuz TMA-13M. Although there are exceptions to this (detailed below in the first table), the mission numbering scheme is usually consistent with chronological launch orders. This is in contrast with the mission numbers of the Space Shuttle program, which were tied to specific mission objectives and did not reflect chronological launch orders, e.g. STS-50, the forty-eighth Shuttle mission, was immediately followed by STS-46, the forty-ninth Shuttle mission.
Era | Mission numbers | Spacecraft | Spacecraft generation | "Naive" mission count | Adding | Subtracting | Crewed missions | Total crewed missions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Soyuz 1 ... 40 | Soyuz 7K-OK | 1.0 | 40 | 18a [lower-alpha 1] (+1) | 2, [lower-alpha 2] 20 [lower-alpha 2] (−2) | 1, 3–9 | 39 [lower-alpha 3] |
Soyuz 7K-OKS | 1.5 | 10, 11 | ||||||
Soyuz 7K-T | 2.0 | 12–15, 17, 18a, 18, 21, 23–40 | ||||||
Soyuz 7K-TM | 2.5 | 16, 19, 22 | ||||||
2 | Soyuz T-1 ... T-15 | Soyuz T | 3.0 | 15 | T-10a [lower-alpha 4] (+1) | T-1 [lower-alpha 2] (−1) | 2–9, 10a, 10–15 | 15 |
3 | Soyuz TM-1 ... TM-34 | Soyuz TM | 4.0 | 34 | — | TM-1 [lower-alpha 2] (−1) | 2-34 | 33 |
4 | Soyuz TMA-1 ... TMA-22 | Soyuz TMA | 5.0 | 22 | — | — | 1–22 | 22 |
5 | Soyuz TMA-01M ... TMA-20M | Soyuz TMA-M | 5.5 | 20 | — | — | 1–20 | 20 |
6 | Soyuz MS-01 ... MS-25 | Soyuz MS | 6.0 | 25 | — | MS-14 [lower-alpha 2] (−1) | 1–13, 15–25 | 24 [lower-alpha 5] |
Total crewed missions | 153 |
The first Soyuz series was the 7K series.
No. | Mission | Spacecraft | Date of launch | Date of landing | Crew (start/landing) | Docking | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Kosmos 133 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #2 [1] | 28 November 1966 | 30 November 1966 | None [2] | Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 — cancelled due to the postponement of the launch of the 2nd ship | Partial |
— | Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #1 [3] | 14 December 1966 | N/A | None (rocket exploded on launch pad) | Kosmos 133 — Cancelled | Failure |
— | Kosmos 140 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #3 | 7 February 1967 | 11 February 1967 | None | Success | |
1 | Soyuz 1 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #4 | 23 April 1967 | 24 April 1967 | Vladimir Komarov (killed during landing due to main parachute failure) | Soyuz 2A — Docking (and launch of the 2nd ship) has been cancelled due to the failure of Soyuz 1 | Failure |
— | Kosmos 186 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #6 | 27 October 1967 | 31 October 1967 | None | Kosmos 188 | Success |
— | Kosmos 188 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #5 | 30 October 1967 | 2 November 1967 | None | Kosmos 186 | Success |
— | Kosmos 212 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #8 | 14 April 1968 | 19 April 1968 | None | Kosmos 213 | Success |
— | Kosmos 213 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #7 | 15 April 1968 | 20 April 1968 | None | Kosmos 212 | Success |
— | Kosmos 238 | Soyuz 7K-OK 11F615 #9 | 28 August 1968 | 1 September 1968 | None | Success | |
— | Soyuz 2 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #11 | 25 October 1968 | 28 October 1968 | None | Soyuz 3 — Docking failed due to errors in spacecraft orientation | Partial |
2 | Soyuz 3 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #10 | 26 October 1968 | 30 October 1968 | Georgy Beregovoy | Soyuz 2 — Docking failed due to errors in spacecraft orientation | Partial |
3 | Soyuz 4 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #12 | 14 January 1969 | 17 January 1969 | Vladimir Shatalov | Soyuz 5 | Success |
Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Yevgeny Khrunov | |||||||
4 | Soyuz 5 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #13 | 15 January 1969 | 18 January 1969 | Boris Volynov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Yevgeny Khrunov | Soyuz 4 | Success |
Boris Volynov | |||||||
5 | Soyuz 6 | Soyuz 7K-OK 11F615 #14 | 11 October 1969 | 16 October 1969 | Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov | The crew should have taken pictures of the docking between Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8, but it wasn't possible | Partial |
6 | Soyuz 7 | Soyuz 7K-OK (A) 11F615 #15 | 12 October 1969 | 17 October 1969 | Anatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko | Soyuz 8 — Failed due to the failure of rendezvous electronics | Partial |
7 | Soyuz 8 | Soyuz 7K-OK (P) 11F615 #16 | 13 October 1969 | 18 October 1969 | Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev | Soyuz 7 — Failed due to the failure of rendezvous electronics | Partial |
8 | Soyuz 9 | Soyuz 7K-OK 11F615 #17 | 1 June 1970 | 19 June 1970 | Andrian Nikolayev, Vitaly Sevastyanov | Success | |
9 | Soyuz 10 | Soyuz 7K-OKS 11F615A8 #31 | 23 April 1971 | 25 April 1971 | Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Nikolai Rukavishnikov | Salyut 1 — The crew was unable to hard dock with the station and get into it, due to the broken docking assembly | Failure |
10 | Soyuz 11 | Soyuz 7K-OKS 11F615A8 #32 | 6 June 1971 | 30 June 1971 | Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Patsayev (Crew died during reentry due to depressurization of landing module) | Salyut 1 | Failure |
— | Kosmos 496 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #33A | 26 June 1972 | 2 July 1972 | None | Success | |
— | Kosmos 573 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #36 | 15 June 1973 | 17 June 1973 | None | Success | |
11 | Soyuz 12 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #37 | 27 September 1973 | 29 September 1973 | Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov | Success | |
— | Kosmos 613 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #34A | 30 November 1973 | 29 January 1974 | None | Success | |
12 | Soyuz 13 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #33 | 18 December 1973 | 26 December 1973 | Pyotr Klimuk, Valentin Lebedev | Success | |
— | Kosmos 638 | Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #71 | 3 April 1974 | 13 April 1974 | None | Success | |
— | Kosmos 656 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #61 | 27 May 1974 | 29 May 1974 | None | Success | |
13 | Soyuz 14 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #62 | 3 July 1974 | 19 July 1974 | Pavel Popovich, Yuri Artyukhin | Salyut 3 | Success |
— | Kosmos 672 | Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #72 | 12 August 1974 | 18 August 1974 | None | Success | |
14 | Soyuz 15 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #63 | 26 August 1974 | 28 August 1974 | Gennadi Sarafanov, Lev Dyomin | Salyut 3 — Docking failed due to malfunctioning of Igla docking system, with consequent anticipated reentry | Failure |
15 | Soyuz 16 | Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #73 | 2 December 1974 | 8 December 1974 | Anatoly Filipchenko, Nikolai Rukavishnikov | Success | |
16 | Soyuz 17 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #38 | 11 January 1975 | 9 February 1975 | Aleksei Gubarev, Georgi Grechko | Salyut 4 | Success |
17 | Soyuz 18A | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #39 | 5 April 1975 | 5 April 1975 | Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov (Aborted launch at T+295 seconds, crew experienced 21 G during descent) | Failure | |
18 | Soyuz 18 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #40 | 24 May 1975 | 26 July 1975 | Pyotr Klimuk, Vitali Sevastyanov | Salyut 4 | Success |
19 | Soyuz 19 | Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #75 | 15 July 1975 | 21 July 1975 | Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov | Apollo | Success |
— | Soyuz 20 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #64 | 17 November 1975 | 16 February 1976 | None | Salyut 4 | Success |
20 | Soyuz 21 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #41 | 6 July 1976 | 24 August 1976 | Boris Volynov, Vitaly Zholobov | Salyut 5 | Partial |
21 | Soyuz 22 | Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #74 | 15 September 1976 | 23 September 1976 | Valery Bykovsky, Vladimir Aksyonov | Success | |
22 | Soyuz 23 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #65 | 14 October 1976 | 16 October 1976 | Vyacheslav Zudov, Valery Rozhdestvensky | Salyut 5 — Docking failed due to a docking system failure | Failure |
23 | Soyuz 24 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #66 | 7 February 1977 | 25 February 1977 | Viktor Gorbatko, Yuri Glazkov | Salyut 5 | Success |
24 | Soyuz 25 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #42 | 9 October 1977 | 11 October 1977 | Vladimir Kovalyonok, Valery Ryumin | Salyut 6 — Docking failed due to a docking system failure | Failure |
25 | Soyuz 26 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #43 | 10 December 1977 | 16 January 1978 | Yuri Romanenko, Vladimir Dzhanibekov | Salyut 6 | Success |
Georgi Grechko, Oleg Makarov | |||||||
26 | Soyuz 27 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #44 | 10 January 1978 | 16 March 1978 | Georgi Grechko, Oleg Makarov | Salyut 6 | Success |
Yuri Romanenko, Vladimir Dzhanibekov | |||||||
27 | Soyuz 28 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #45 | 2 March 1978 | 10 March 1978 | Aleksei Gubarev, Vladimír Remek (The first international crew) | Salyut 6 | Success |
28 | Soyuz 29 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #46 | 15 June 1978 | 3 September 1978 | Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | Salyut 6 | Success |
Valery Bykovsky, Sigmund Jähn | |||||||
29 | Soyuz 30 | Soyuz 7K-T/A9 11F615A9 #67 | 27 June 1978 | 5 July 1978 | Pyotr Klimuk, Mirosław Hermaszewski | Salyut 6 | Success |
30 | Soyuz 31 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #47 | 26 August 1978 | 2 November 1978 | Valery Bykovsky, Sigmund Jähn | Salyut 6 | Success |
Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | |||||||
31 | Soyuz 32 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #48 | 25 February 1979 | 13 June 1979 | Vladimir Lyakhov, Valery Ryumin | Salyut 6 | Success |
Landing without crew | |||||||
32 | Soyuz 33 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #49 | 10 April 1979 | 12 April 1979 | Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Georgi Ivanov | Salyut 6 — Docking failed due to main engine failure and Igla docking system failure. The deorbit burn was made using the backup engine | Failure |
33 | Soyuz 34 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #50 | 6 June 1979 | 19 August 1979 | Start without crew | Salyut 6 | Success |
Vladimir Lyakhov, Valery Ryumin | |||||||
34 | Soyuz 35 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #51 | 9 April 1980 | 3 June 1980 | Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin | Salyut 6 | Success |
Valery Kubasov, Bertalan Farkas | |||||||
35 | Soyuz 36 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #52 | 26 May 1980 | 31 July 1980 | Valery Kubasov, Bertalan Farkas | Salyut 6 | Success |
Viktor Gorbatko, Pham Tuân | |||||||
37 | Soyuz 37 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #53 | 23 July 1980 | 11 October 1980 | Viktor Gorbatko, Pham Tuân | Salyut 6 | Success |
Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin | |||||||
38 | Soyuz 38 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #54 | 18 September 1980 | 26 September 1980 | Yuri Romanenko, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez | Salyut 6 | Success |
41 | Soyuz 39 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #55 | 22 March 1981 | 30 March 1981 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa | Salyut 6 | Success |
42 | Soyuz 40 | Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #56 | 14 May 1981 | 22 May 1981 | Leonid Popov, Dumitru Prunariu | Salyut 6 | Success |
Spacecraft designed for Soviet human circumlunar missions. Missions are included under the Zond programme.
No. | Mission | Spacecraft | Date of launch | Date of landing | Crew (start/landing) | Docking | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Kosmos 146 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 10 March 1967 | 18 March 1967 | None | Success | |
— | Kosmos 154 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 8 April 1967 | 10 April 1967 | None | Failure | |
— | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 27 September 1967 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 22 November 1967 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Zond 4 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 2 March 1968 | 7 March 1968 | None | Partial | |
— | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 22 April 1968 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.8L | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 21 July 1968 | None (rocket exploded on launch pad) | Failure | ||
— | Zond 5 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 14 September 1968 | 22 September 1968 | None | Success | |
— | Zond 6 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 10 November 1968 | 17 November 1968 | None | Partial | |
— | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 20 January 1969 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Zond-M 1 | Soyuz 7K-L1S | 21 February 1969 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Zond-M 2 | Soyuz 7K-L1S | 3 July 1969 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Zond 7 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 7 August 1969 | 14 August 1969 | None | Success | |
— | Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 | Soyuz 7K-L1E | 28 November 1969 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Zond 8 | Soyuz 7K-L1 | 20 October 1970 | 27 October 1970 | None | Success | |
— | Kosmos 382 | Soyuz 7K-L1E "Zond-LOK" | 2 December 1970 | In orbit | None | In orbit |
Spacecraft designed for Soviet human lunar orbital and landing missions.
No. | Mission | Spacecraft | Date of launch | Date of landing | Crew (start/landing) | Docking | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 | Soyuz 7K-LOK | 26 June 1971 | None (rocket failure) | Failure | ||
— | Soyuz 7K-LOK No.2 | Soyuz 7K-LOK | 23 November 1972 | None (rocket failure) | Failure |
No. | Mission | Spacecraft | Date of launch | Date of landing | Crew (start/landing) | Docking | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Kosmos 670 | Soyuz 7K-S 11F732 #1 | 6 August 1974 | 9 August 1974 | None | Success | |
— | Kosmos 772 | Soyuz 7K-S 11F732 #2 | 29 September 1975 | 2 October 1975 | None | Failure | |
— | Kosmos 869 | Soyuz 7K-S 11F732 #3 | 29 November 1976 | 17 December 1976 | None | Failure | |
— | Kosmos 1001 | Soyuz T 11F732 #4 | 4 April 1978 | 15 April 1978 | None | Failure | |
— | Kosmos 1074 | Soyuz T 11F732 #5 | 31 January 1979 | 1 April 1979 | None | Success | |
— | Soyuz T-1 | Soyuz T 11F732 #6 | 16 December 1979 | 25 March 1980 | None | Salyut 6 | Success |
36 | Soyuz T-2 | Soyuz T 11F732 #7 | 5 June 1980 | 9 June 1980 | Yury Malyshev, Vladimir Aksyonov | Salyut 6 | Success |
39 | Soyuz T-3 | Soyuz T 11F732 #8 | 27 November 1980 | 10 December 1980 | Leonid Kizim, Oleg Makarov, Gennady Strekalov | Salyut 6 | Success |
40 | Soyuz T-4 | Soyuz T 11F732 #10 | 12 March 1981 | 26 May 1981 | Vladimir Kovalyonok, Viktor Savinykh | Salyut 6 | Success |
43 | Soyuz T-5 | Soyuz T 11F732 #11 | 13 May 1982 | 27 August 1982 | Anatoli Berezovoy, Valentin Lebedev | Salyut 7 | Success |
Leonid Popov, Aleksandr Serebrov, Svetlana Savitskaya | |||||||
44 | Soyuz T-6 | Soyuz T 11F732 #9 | 24 June 1982 | 2 July 1982 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, Jean-Loup Chrétien | Salyut 7 | Success |
45 | Soyuz T-7 | Soyuz T 11F732 #12 | 19 August 1982 | 10 December 1982 | Leonid Popov, Aleksandr Serebrov, Svetlana Savitskaya | Salyut 7 | Success |
Anatoli Berezovoy, Valentin Lebedev | |||||||
46 | Soyuz T-8 | Soyuz T 11F732 #13 | 22 April 1983 | 24 April 1983 | Vladimir Titov, Gennady Strekalov, Aleksandr Serebrov | Salyut 7 — Docking failed due to a broken antenna | Failure |
47 | Soyuz T-9 | Soyuz T 11F732 #14 | 27 June 1983 | 23 November 1983 | Vladimir Lyakhov, Aleksandr Aleksandrov | Salyut 7 | Success |
48 | Soyuz T-10A | Soyuz T 11F732 #16 | 26 September 1983 | 26 September 1983 | Vladimir Titov, Gennady Strekalov (Rocket caught fire at the pad, emergency rescue system activated two seconds before explosion at the launch pad. The duration of the flight (due to the emergency rescue system) was 5 min. 13 sec.) | Failure | |
49 | Soyuz T-10 | Soyuz T 11F732 #15 | 8 February 1984 | 11 April 1984 | Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov | Salyut 7 | Success |
Yury Malyshev, Gennady Strekalov, Rakesh Sharma | |||||||
50 | Soyuz T-11 | Soyuz T 11F732 #17 | 3 April 1984 | 2 October 1984 | Yury Malyshev, Gennady Strekalov, Rakesh Sharma | Salyut 7 | Success |
Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov | |||||||
51 | Soyuz T-12 | Soyuz T 11F732 #18 | 17 July 1984 | 29 July 1984 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya, Igor Volk | Salyut 7 | Success |
52 | Soyuz T-13 | Soyuz T 11F732 #19 | 6 June 1985 | 26 September 1986 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Viktor Savinykh | Salyut 7 — Docked in manual mode, due to the loss of power of the station on 11 February 1985. The mission was intended to restore the power on the station | Success |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Georgi Grechko | |||||||
53 | Soyuz T-14 | Soyuz T 11F732 #20 | 17 September 1985 | 21 November 1985 | Vladimir Vasyutin, Georgi Grechko, Alexander Volkov | Salyut 7 | Success |
Vladimir Vasyutin, Viktor Savinykh, Alexander Volkov | |||||||
54 | Soyuz T-15 | Soyuz T 11F732 #21 | 13 March 1986 | 16 July 1986 | Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov | Mir → Salyut 7 → Mir — First flight between two stations | Success |
The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes.
The Salyut programme was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986. Two other Salyut launches failed. In one respect, Salyut had the space-race task of carrying out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments, and on the other hand, the USSR used this civilian programme as a cover for the highly secretive military Almaz stations, which flew under the Salyut designation. Salyut 1, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station.
Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet crewed lunar programs. It is launched atop the similarly named Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. Its name is derived from the Russian word for energy and is also named for Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau and the driving force behind early Soviet accomplishments in space exploration.
Salyut 6 was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth station of the Salyut programme, and alternatively known DOS-5 as it was the fifth of the Durable Orbital Station series of civilian space stations. It was launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket. Salyut 6 was the first space station to receive large numbers of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft for human habitation, crew transfer, international participation and resupply, establishing precedents for station life and operations which were enhanced on Mir and the International Space Station.
Kosmos is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Soyuz T-1 was a 1979-80 uncrewed Soviet space flight, a test flight of a new Soyuz craft which docked with the orbiting Salyut 6 space station.
Soyuz 7K-OK was the first generation of Soyuz spacecraft and was flown between 1967 and 1971. The 7K-OK was used for the first ferry flights to the Salyut space station program, beginning a long history of space station service that continues with the International Space Station (ISS).
Soyuz 7K-OKS is a version of the Soyuz spacecraft and was the first spacecraft designed for space station flights. Its only crewed flights were conducted in 1971, with Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11.
The Soviet Union planned several military Soyuz spacecraft models. These versions were named Soyuz P, Soyuz PPK, Soyuz R, Soyuz 7K-VI, and Soyuz OIS (Orbital Research Station). However, none of the spacecraft ever flew in space.
Progress 2 was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the second Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Progress 4, was a Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration and was the fourth Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Progress 5, was a Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1979 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. Served as a receptacle for contaminated fuel from the damaged Salyut 6 propulsion system.
Progress 8, was a Soviet uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1980 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station.
Progress 14 was a Soviet uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in July 1982 to resupply the Salyut 7 space station.
Progress 15 was a Soviet uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in September 1982 to resupply the Salyut 7 space station.
Progress 17 was a Soviet uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in August 1983 to resupply the Salyut 7 space station.
Progress 19 was a Soviet uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in February 1984 to resupply the Salyut 7 space station.