This is a list of spacewalks conducted from the Salyut space stations. Salyut was a Soviet programme which consisted of a number of early space stations, including the first space station to be launched, Salyut 1. Six of the space stations launched as part of the Salyut programme were crewed, and spacewalks were made from two of these, Salyut 6 and Salyut 7. A total of sixteen spacewalks were made in the Salyut programme; three from Salyut 6 and thirteen from Salyut 7. Each involved two cosmonauts. Fifteen different cosmonauts performed the spacewalks, with several performing multiple EVAs. Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov each performed eight EVAs, the most of any cosmonauts in the programme.
All of the EVAs were conducted by cosmonauts who part of an Expedition crew, with the exception of one spacewalk by Visiting Expedition 4 cosmonauts Svetlana Savitskaya and Vladimir Dzhanibekov, on which Savitskaya became the first woman to perform an EVA. This is highlighted in light blue.
Mission | Cosmonauts | Start time (GMT) Hatch opening | End time (GMT) Hatch closing | Duration | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | EO-1 | Yuri Romanenko Georgi Grechko | 19 December 1977 21:36 | 19 December 1977 23:04 | 1 hour, 28 minutes |
Inspected docking port following failed docking of Soyuz 25. | |||||
2 | EO-2 | Vladimir Kovalyonok (stand up) Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | 29 July 1978 03:57 | 29 July 1978 06:20 | 2 hours, 3 minutes |
Retrieved samples and experiments from the outside of the station. | |||||
3 | EO-3 | Valery Ryumin Vladimir Lyakhov | 15 August 1979 14:16 | 15 August 1979 15:39 | 1 hour, 23 minutes |
Removed KRT-10 antenna that had failed to separate from the docking port, collected samples of damaged insulation and a micrometeoroid experiment. | |||||
1 | EO-1 | Anatoly Berezovoy (stand up) Valentin Lebedev | 30 July 1982 02:39 | 30 July 1982 05:12 | 2 hours, 33 minutes |
Changed exposed experiments and tested construction techniques. | |||||
2 | EO-2 EVA 1 | Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov | 1 November 1983 04:47 | 1 November 1983 07:36 | 2 hours, 49 minutes |
Installed a new solar panel to increase the station's electrical output. | |||||
3 | EO-2 EVA 2 | Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov | 3 November 1983 03:47 | 3 November 1983 06:42 | 2 hours, 55 minutes |
Installed a second new solar panel, increasing electrical output by 50% | |||||
4 | EO-3 EVA 1 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 23 April 1984 04:31 | 23 April 1984 08:46 | 4 hours, 15 minutes |
Beginning of repairs on a ruptured oxidiser line, installed a ladder to enable access to the damaged area. | |||||
5 | EO-3 EVA 2 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 26 April 1984 02:40 | 26 April 1984 07:40 | 5 hours |
Removed insulation around the ruptured oxidiser line and installed a valve in the replacement line | |||||
6 | EO-3 EVA 3 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 29 April 1984 01:35 | 29 April 1984 04:20 | 2 hours, 45 minutes |
Installed a new oxidiser line to bypass the damaged section of the main line. | |||||
7 | EO-3 EVA 4 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 3 May 1984 23:15 | 4 May 1984 02:00 | 2 hours, 45 minutes |
Installed a second bypass oxidiser line and replaced the insulation removed in the second EVA. | |||||
8 | EO-3 EVA 5 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 18 May 1984 17:52 | 18 May 1984 20:57 | 3 hours, 5 minutes |
Installed two more solar panels on the station. | |||||
9 | EP-4 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savitskaya | 25 July 1984 14:55 | 25 July 1984 18:29 | 3 hours, 34 minutes |
Tested tools and materials, Savitskaya became first woman to perform an EVA. | |||||
10 | EO-3 EVA 6 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 8 August 1984 08:46 | 8 August 1984 13:46 | 5 hours |
Completed repairs on the damaged oxidiser line. | |||||
11 | EO-4 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh | 2 August 1985 07:15 | 2 August 1985 12:15 | 5 hours |
Installed two further solar panels to provide additional power to the space station. | |||||
12 | EO-6 EVA 1 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 28 May 1986 05:43 | 28 May 1986 09:33 | 3 hours, 50 minutes |
Retrieved experiments and tested construction techniques for the Mir programme. | |||||
13 | EO-6 EVA 2 | Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 31 May 1986 04:57 | 31 May 1986 09:57 | 5 hours |
Conducted further tests of construction techniques for use in the assembly of Mir. | |||||
Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut in outer space outside a spacecraft. In the absence of a breathable Earthlike atmosphere, the astronaut is completely reliant on a space suit for environmental support. EVA includes spacewalks and lunar or planetary surface exploration. In a stand-up EVA (SEVA), an astronaut stands through an open hatch but does not fully leave the spacecraft. EVAs have been conducted by the Soviet Union/Russia, the United States, Canada, the European Space Agency and China.
Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya is a Russian former aviator and Soviet cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space. On her 1984 Soyuz T-12 mission she became the first woman to fly to space twice, and the first woman to perform a spacewalk.
Salyut 6, DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth station of the Salyut programme. It was launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket. Salyut 6 was the first space station to receive large numbers of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft for human habitation, crew transfer, international participation and resupply, establishing precedents for station life and operations which were enhanced on Mir and the International Space Station.
Salyut 7 was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991. It was first crewed in May 1982 with two crew via Soyuz T-5, and last visited in June 1986, by Soyuz T-15. Various crew and modules were used over its lifetime, including 12 crewed and 15 uncrewed launches in total. Supporting spacecraft included the Soyuz T, Progress, and TKS spacecraft.
Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev is a retired Russian and Soviet cosmonaut and pilot. Solovyev was born on January 16, 1948, in Riga, Latvia. Solovyev holds the world record on the number of spacewalks performed (16), and accumulated time spent spacewalking.
Soyuz T-10 was the fifth expedition to the Salyut 7 space station. It entered a darkened and empty station because of the loss of Soyuz T-10a. It was visited by the sixth and seventh expeditions. During the course of the cosmonauts stay, three extravehicular activities took place to repair a fuel line.
Soyuz T-12 was the seventh crewed spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. The name "Soyuz T-12" is also the name of the spacecraft used to launch and land the mission's three-person crew. The mission occurred in July 1984, during the long-duration expedition Salyut 7 EO-3. During the mission, crew member Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to ever perform a spacewalk, and the potential Buran space shuttle pilot, Igor Volk, was given spaceflight experience. Unlike many Soyuz visiting missions, the Soyuz lifeboats were not swapped, and the crew returned to Earth in the same spacecraft in which they launched.
Soyuz T-15 was a crewed mission to the Mir and Salyut 7 space stations and was part of the Soyuz programme. It marked the final flight of the Soyuz-T spacecraft, the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, which had been in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. This mission marked the first time that a spacecraft visited, and docked with, two space stations in the same mission.
Progress 1, was a Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It was the maiden flight of the Progress spacecraft, and used the Progress 7K-TG configuration. It carried supplies for the EO-1 crew aboard Salyut 6, which consisted of Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Romanenko and Georgy Grechko. The cargo carried by Progress 1 also included equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
The Orlan space suit is a series of semi-rigid one-piece space suit models designed and built by NPP Zvezda. They have been used for spacewalks (EVAs) in the Russian space program, the successor to the Soviet space program, and by space programs of other countries, including NASA.
Mir EO-3 was an expedition to the space station Mir. The crew consisted of 3 people, Musa Manarov (Commander), Vladimir Titov and Valeri Polyakov. Manarov and Titov arrived at the station in December 1987 on Soyuz TM-4, while Polyakov arrived much later, in August 1988 on Soyuz TM-6. After the arrival of Polyakov, medical experiments became more intensive.
Mir EO-4 was the fourth long-duration expedition to the Soviet space station Mir. The expedition began in November 1988, when crew members Commander Aleksandr Volkov and Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev arrived at the station via the spacecraft Soyuz TM-7. The third crew member of EO-4, Valeri Polyakov, was already aboard Mir, having arrived in August 1988 part way through the previous expedition, Mir EO-3.
Progress 2 was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the second Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Mir EO-2 was the second long duration expedition to the Soviet space station Mir, and it lasted from February to December 1987. The mission was divided into two parts, the division occurring when one of the two crew members, Aleksandr Laveykin, was replaced part way through the mission by Aleksandr Aleksandrov. Laveykin was replaced because ground-based doctors had diagnosed him with minor heart problems.
Mir EO-19 was the nineteenth crewed expedition to the space station Mir, lasting from June to September 1995. The crew, consisting of Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Nikolai Budarin, launched on June 27, 1995 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-71 mission. After remaining aboard Mir for approximately 75 days, Solovyev and Budarin returned aboard the Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft on September 11, 1995.