List of ISRO missions

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This is a list of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) missions. ISRO has carried out 125 spacecraft missions, 92 launch missions [1] and planned several missions including [2] the Gaganyaan (crewed/robotic) and Interplanetary mission such as Lunar Polar Exploration Mission, Chandrayaan-4, Shukrayaan and Mangalyaan-2 (MOM 2).

Contents

Completed missions

Lunar

Mission NameStart dateEnd dateDetails
Chandrayaan programme Chandrayaan-1 22 October 200828 August 2009Chandrayaan 1 as India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation on 22 October 2008, and was operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The mission was a major boost to India's space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008. [3] [4]
Chandrayaan-2 22 July 2019Orbiter functional; the lander crashed onto Moon's surface due to loss of control (caused by a software glitch) during the final phase of descent. [5] Chandrayaan-2 was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2:43 PM IST (09:13 UTC) to the Moon by a LVM3 (previously known as GSLV Mk III). The planned or by bit has a perigee of 169.7 km and an apogee of 45475 km. It consists of a lunar orbiter, lander and rover, all developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map the location and abundance of lunar water.
Chandrayaan-3 14 July 202310 November 2023 (Orbiter exited lunar sphere of influence)Chandrayaan-3 was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on 14 July 2023 at 14:35 IST (UTC +5:30) by LVM3 M4. The main scientific objective is to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. The Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on moon on 23 August 2023 at 18:05 IST (UTC +5:30). For technology demonstration experiments, hop experiment on the Vikram Lander was conducted and the Propulsion Module (PM) of Chandrayaan-3 was moved from an orbit around Moon to an orbit around Earth, where it operated until 22 August 2024. [6] [7]

Solar

Mission NameStart dateEnd dateDetails
Aditya-L1 2 September 2023TBD

Aditya-L1 is the first Indian observatory class mission to study the solar corona using a solar coronagraph and also chromosphere using near UV instrument. X-ray spectroscopic instruments will provide flare spectra while the in-situ payload observes the solar events during their passage from Sun to Earth. [8] On 6 January 2024, Aditya-L1 spacecraft, India's first solar mission, has successfully entered its final orbit around the first Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. [9]

Interplanetary

Mission NameStart dateEnd dateDetails
Mars Orbiter Mission 5 November 20132 October 2022Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary spaceflight mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency. India is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt. [10] [11]

Astronomy

Mission NameStart dateEnd dateDetails
ASTROSAT 28 September 2015September 2022ASTROSAT is the first dedicated Indian Astronomy satellite mission launched by ISRO on 28 September 2015, which enabled multi-wavelength observations of the celestial bodies and cosmic sources in X-ray and UV spectral bands simultaneously. It was in the Sun's orbit for 7 years. The scientific payloads cover the Visible (3500–6000 Å...), UV (1300–op Å...), soft and hard X-ray regimes (0.5–8 keV; 3–80 keV). The uniqueness of ASTROSAT lies in its wide spectral coverage extending over visible, UV, soft and hard X-ray regions. [12]
X-ray Polarimeter Satellite 1 January 2024TBDThe X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is a ISRO space observatory to study polarization of cosmic X-rays. It was launched on 1 January 2024 on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C58). [13] [14] XPoSat will study the 50 brightest known sources in the universe, including pulsars, black hole X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, and non-thermal supernova remnants. [15] [16]

Planned missions

Mission nameExpected launchSpacecraftDetails
SPADEX TBDSpace Docking ExperimentSPADEX or Space Docking Experiment is a twin spacecraft mission being developed by the ISRO to mature technologies related to orbital rendezvous, docking, formation flying, with scope of applications in human spaceflight, in-space satellite servicing and other proximity operations.
Gaganyaan 1 December 2024Test flight (uncrewed)Gaganyaan ("Orbital Vehicle") is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft (jointly made by ISRO and HAL) intended to be the basis of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capability. This will be the first of two flight tests prior to the inaugural of crewed mission.
NISAR Q1 2025SAR satelliteNASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite to be used for remote sensing. It is notable for being the first dual-band radar imaging satellite. [17]
Gaganyaan 2 NET 2025Test flight (uncrewed)Second of two flight tests prior to the inaugural crewed mission.
Gaganyaan 3NET 2025 [18] Test Flight

(uncrewed)

First crewed Gaganyaan mission. If successful, India would become the fourth country in the world (after the US, Soviet Union and China) to independently send humans in space.
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 2026–2028 (TBA)Lunar lander, roverLunar Polar Exploration Mission, known as Chandrayaan-5 in India, is a proposed mission by JAXA and ISRO to explore the south pole region of the Moon. The mission concept has been formally proposed for funding and planning.
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 NET 2027Mars orbiterMars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2) also called Mangalyaan 2 is India's second interplanetary mission planned for launch to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in the 2021–2022 time frame. It will consist of an orbiter, as said by ISRO chairman, K. Sivan in an interview, but chances were that it will also include a lander and a rover but later it was fully confirmed that it will an orbiter mission only [19]
Venus Orbiter Mission March 2028Venus orbiterThe Venus Orbiter Mission is a planned orbiter to study the atmosphere of Venus. [20]
Chandrayaan-4 NET 2028 [21] Lunar lander, sample returnChandrayaan-4 is a planned lunar sample-return mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and will be the fourth iteration in its Chandrayaan programme. It consist of four modules namely Transfer module (TM), Lander module (LM), Ascender module (AM) and Reentry Module (RM).
Bharatiya Antariksha Station 2028-2035 Space station The Bharatiya Antariksha Station (referred in the media as Indian Space Station) is a planned space station to be constructed by India and operated by the (ISRO). The space station would weigh 20 tonnes and maintain an orbit of approximately 400 kilometres above the Earth, where astronauts could stay for 15–20 days.
AstroSat-2 TBDSpace telescopeAstroSat-2 is India's second dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, proposed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) as the successor of the current Astrosat-1 observatory. ISRO launched an 'Announcement of Opportunity in February 2018 requesting proposals from Indian scientists for ideas and the development of instruments for astronomy and astrophysics.

Other missions

There are also various Indian satellite which contain science related instruments as secondary payloads. The main objective of these satellites are not Space Science. For example an X-ray payload was flown aboard Aryabhatta, the first Indian satellite.

The STS-51-B Space Shuttle Challenger mission consisted of Anuradha, an Indian Cosmic Ray Experiment. It consisted of a Barrel shaped recorder consisting of plastic sheets. It detected cosmic rays at the rate of seven a minute for 64 hours and produced 10000 sheets of data.

In the SROSS-C2, satellite of the Stretched Rohini Satellite Series, a Gamma-ray burst detector was flown.

India is set to launch its first reusable hybrid rocket, Mission RHUMI 2024, on August 24, marking a significant milestone in the country's space exploration efforts. [22]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Indian expendable launch vehicle for launching satellites, developed by ISRO

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, only commercially available from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISRO</span> Indias national space agency

Indian Space Research Organisation is India's national space agency. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. The agency maintains a constellation of imaging, communication and remote sensing satellites. It operates the GAGAN and IRNSS satellite navigation systems. It has sent three missions to the Moon and one mission to Mars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</span> Spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India

Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC, is the primary spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LVM3</span> Indian expendable medium-lift launch vehicle, developed by ISRO

The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Human Spaceflight Programme</span> ISROs human spaceflight program

The Human Rated Launch Vehicle is an ongoing programme by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to develop the technology needed to launch crewed orbital spacecraft into low Earth orbit. Three uncrewed flights, named Gaganyaan-1, Gaganyaan-2 and Gaganyaan-3 are scheduled to launch in 2024, followed by crewed flight in 2024 on an HLVM3 rocket.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaganyaan</span> Indian crewed spacecraft

Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities. In its maiden crewed mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)'s largely autonomous 5.3-metric ton capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a two- or three-person crew on board. The first crewed mission was originally planned to be launched on ISRO's HLVM3 rocket in December 2021. As of October 2023, it is expected to be launched by 2025.

The Indian Space Science Data Center (ISSDC) is a ground segment facility being established by ISRO in October 2008, as the primary data center for the payload data archives of Indian Space Science Missions. This data center, located at the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) campus in Bangalore, is responsible for the ingestion, archive, processing, and dissemination of the payload data and related ancillary data for Space Science missions. The primary user of this facility will be the principal investigators of the science payloads. In addition to them the data will be made accessible to scientist from other institution and also to the general public. The facility has supported Chandrayaan-1, AstroSat, Youthsat, Mars Orbiter Mission, and Megha-tropiques and will be supporting any other future space science missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mars Orbiter Mission</span> Indian orbiter mission to Mars (2013–2022)

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), unofficially known as Mangalyaan, was a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was India's first interplanetary mission and it made ISRO the fourth space agency to achieve Mars orbit, after Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency. It made India the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the second national space agency in the world to do so on its maiden attempt after the European Space Agency did in 2003. It also made India the fourth nation to orbit another planet after the United States, the Soviet Union, and ESA member states.

IRNSS-1E is the fifth out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C and IRNSS-1D. It is one among the seven of the IRNSS constellation of satellites launched to provide navigational services to the region. The satellite was placed in geosynchronous orbit. IRNSS-1E has been successfully launched into orbit on 20 January 2016

Mars Lander Mission (MLM) or Mangalyaan-2, is a proposed second mission to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhruva Space</span> Indian aerospace company

Dhruva Space Private Limited is an Indian private aerospace manufacturer headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. Founded in 2012 by Sanjay Srikanth Nekkanti, the company is engaged in the development of small satellites in the commercial, governmental and academic markets. It provides full-stack space-engineering solutions across launch, space and ground segments – namely, the building, launching and operation of satellites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Small Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Indian small-lift launch vehicle

The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a small-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO to deliver 500 kg (1,100 lb) payload to low Earth orbit or 300 kg (660 lb) payload to Sun-synchronous orbit. The rocket supports multi-orbital drop-offs capability for small satellites.

The Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) is a body under the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to coordinate the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The agency will be responsible for implementation of the Gaganyaan project. The first crewed flight is planned for 2024 on a home-grown LVM3 rocket.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XPoSat</span> Indian space observatory

The X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) manufactured space observatory to study polarisation of cosmic X-rays. It was launched on 1 January 2024 on a PSLV rocket, and it has an expected operational lifespan of at least five years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSLV-C51</span>

The PSLV-C51 is the 53rd mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program. The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)-C51 was launched at 04:54 (UTC) / 10:24 (IST) on 28 February 2021 with the main payload from Brazil, INPE's Amazônia-1 and 18 other ride-sharing small satellites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharatiya Antariksha Station</span> Proposed Indian Space Station

The Bharatiya Antariksha Station, is a planned modular space station to be constructed by India and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The space station would weigh 52 tonnes and maintain an orbit of approximately 400 kilometres above the Earth, where astronauts could stay for 3-6 months. Originally planned to be completed by 2030, it was later postponed to 2035 due to delays caused by technical issues related with the Gaganyaan crewed spaceflight mission and the COVID-19 pandemic in India. As of December 2023, the first module is expected to be launched in 2028 on an LVM3 launch vehicle, with the remaining modules to be launched by 2035 on the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (Soorya).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSLV Orbital Experiment Module</span> Satellite bus derived out of launch vehicle upper stage

PSLV Orbital Experiment Platform (POEM) also known as PSLV Stage 4 Orbital Platform (PS4-OP) is an orbital micro-gravity test bed based on spent fourth stage of PSLV. By adding modular subsystems for power generation, communication and stabilization like photovoltaic cells, Telemetry and Telecommand (TT&C) package, attitude control system, data storage etc to the PSLV fourth stage, it can function as a satellite bus. This augmented stage can then host payloads for up to six months while in orbit, making it useful for qualifying components, gaining space heritage and conduct experiments in micro-gravity conditions. Usually the fourth stage of PSLV is discarded after deployment of satellite and remains in orbit for a significant duration in a passive state as a piece of space debris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSLV-C58</span> Indian space flight

The PSLV C-58 was the 60th flight of the Indian Space Research Organisation's Polar Satellite launch Vehicle. It carried the XPoSAT mission along with rideshare payloads.

References

  1. ↑ "list of missions".
  2. ↑ "ISRO Upcoming Space Missions and Launches 2023". Hindustan Times. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "Chandrayaan-1".
  4. ↑ "Chandrayaan-1". Archived from the original on 14 November 2007.
  5. ↑ "How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer". The Week. 16 November 2019. Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  6. ↑ "UPDATE: The CH3 PROPULSION MODULE with the SHAPE payload last observed in a high Earth orbit appears to have ceased S-Band radio emissions". X (Formerly Twitter). Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  7. ↑ "Returns to home Earth: Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module moved from Lunar orbit to Earth's orbit". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  8. ↑ Marar, Anjali (28 April 2021). "ARIES to train next-generation solar scientists ahead of India's Aditya L1 mission". The Indian Express . Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  9. ↑ "Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  10. ↑ "Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft".
  11. ↑ "Mars Orbiter Mission".
  12. ↑ "PSLV Successfully Launches India's Multi Wavelength Space Observatory ASTROSAT". Archived from the original on 30 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "Isro's PSLV-C58 XPoSat mission successful; satellite set to study X-ray emissions from black holes and other celestial objects". The Times of India. 1 January 2024. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  14. ↑ "PSLV-C58 XPoSat: India successfully launches satellite to study black holes from Sriharikota". Hindustan Times. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "PSLV-C58 XPoSat: Why did ISRO launch X-Ray polarimetre satellite? What's the mission objective?". Hindustan Times. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  16. ↑ "PSLV-C58 / XPoSat Mission". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  17. ↑ "NISAR". nasa.com.
  18. ↑ Dutt, Anonna (9 April 2023). "Gaganyaan: From astronauts' training to tech upgrade, ISRO making leaps to meet 2025 target for manned mission". The Indian Express . Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  19. ↑ "Isro says India's second Mars mission Mangalyaan-2 will be an orbiter mission". India Times. 20 February 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  20. ↑ Jones, Andrew (18 September 2024). "India approves moon sample return, Venus orbiter, space station module and reusable launcher". SpaceNews . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  21. ↑ IITM Foundation Day 17th Nov 2023 , retrieved 20 November 2023
  22. ↑ "Mission RHUMI 2024: India to launch 1st reusable hybrid rocket on August 24". Hindustan Times. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
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