RISAT-1

Last updated

RISAT-1
Render of Radar Imaging Satellite RISAT-1 in deployed configuration.png
Render of RISAT-1 satellite
NamesRadar Imaging Satellite-1
Mission type Earth observation
Radar imaging satellite
Operator ISRO
COSPAR ID 2012-017A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 38248
Website https://www.isro.gov.in/
Mission duration5 years (planned)
4 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Bus RISAT
Manufacturer Indian Space Research Organisation
Launch mass1,858 kg (4,096 lb) [1]
Power2.2 kW
Start of mission
Launch date26 April 2012, 00:17 UTC
Rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL, PSLV-C19
Launch site Satish Dhawan Space Centre, First Launch Pad (FLP)
Contractor Indian Space Research Organisation
Entered service19 October 2012 [2]
End of mission
Deactivated31 March 2017 [3] [4]
Last contact30 September 2016 [2]
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric orbit
Regime Sun-synchronous orbit
Perigee altitude 539 km (335 mi)
Apogee altitude 543 km (337 mi)
Inclination 97.55°
Period 95.49 minutes
Mean motion 14
Instruments
Synthetic-aperture radar (C-band) (SAR-C)
←  Resourcesat-2
SARAL  →
 

Radar Imaging Satellite 1 or RISAT-1, was an Indian remote sensing satellite built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The second RISAT satellite to be launched, it used a C-band 5.35 GHz synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) for Earth observation. [5]

Contents

The launch of RISAT-1 came several years after that of RISAT-2, which carried an Israeli-built X-band radar. The RISAT-2 mission was prioritised over RISAT-1 following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, resulting in RISAT-1 being delayed by several years. [6] [7] [8]

Satellite description

RISAT-1 had a mass at liftoff of 1,858 kg (4,096 lb), making it the heaviest Earth observation satellite to be launched by India, and the heaviest satellite to be launched using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. It had the capability to take images of Earth during day and night, as well as in cloudy conditions.

The satellite is equipped with a 160 × 4  Mbit/s data handling system, 50 Newton-metre-second reaction wheels, and a phased array antenna with dual polarisation. [9]

The mission has an approximate cost of ₹4.90 billion (US$61 million);the spacecraft itself cost ₹3.79 billion (US$47 million) to develop, and a further ₹1.11 billion (US$14 million) to launch. [10] The satellite had a design life of five years.

The satellite was used for natural resources management, primarily agriculture planning and forestry surveys, as well as to predict and prevent flooding. It was used for monitoring paddy plantations and yields in the kharif season and to assist India's food security planning. Pictures from RISAT-1 was used to estimate the number of hectares being farmed in India, to assess crop health and predict total yield. It was also used to identify wreckage from aircraft that crashed in forested areas. [1] RISAT-1 was not designed as a surveillance satellite, given its reliance on the C-band. [10]

Instrument

Its synthetic-aperture radar (SAR-C) has a resolution of 3 m to 50 m. It also supports a spotlight mode for prolonged focus on a given geographical area at a resolution of 1 m. [5] Most of the design and the installation of basic instrument subsystems for the satellite was conducted in 2010. [11]

Mission history

Launch

RISAT-1 was launched at 00:17 UTC (05:47 IST) on 26 April 2012 by a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, flight number C19, flying in the XL configuration with extended length solid strap-on boosters. The launch, which was the third flight of the PSLV-XL configuration, took place from the First Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The launch marked the twenty-first flight of the PSLV, and its nineteenth successful launch. [12]

After launch RISAT-1 was placed in 470 x 480 km orbit with near 97° inclination. In next two days, RISAT-1 raised its orbital altitude using on-board propulsion to place itself into its operational Sun-synchronous orbit of 536 km with 06:00 Local Time of Equator Crossing. [13] [14] The satellite began its normal operations with a repetitive cycle of 25 days.

Incidents

On 30 September 2016, Joint Space Operations Center identified a debris generating event near RISAT-1. [15] [16] The event created 16 pieces out of which 15 decayed and one was catalogued on 6 October 2016 under NORAD ID: 41797 and COSPAR ID: 2012-017C and decayed on 12 October 2016. Cause of this event was not officially declared but could be related to power system of satellite. [17] A month later on 3 November 2016, RISAT-1 data was declared unavailable on ESA's Copernicus Space Component Data Access portal due to satellite outage. Satellite was experiencing anomalies but ISRO denied they were related to fragmentation event. [3] [18]

End of mission

On 26 July 2017, Department of Space released names of its operational satellites in a reply to a Parliamentary query and RISAT-1 was not included in the list. [4] [19] Later in Annual Report 2017-18 of Department of Space, RISAT-1 was declared non-operational. [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian National Satellite System</span> Series of multipurpose geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO

The Indian National Satellite SystemINSAT, is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISRO</span> Indias national space agency

The Indian Space Research Organisation is the national space agency of India. It operates as the primary research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, while the Chairman of ISRO also acts as the executive of DoS. ISRO is primarily responsible for performing tasks related to space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. ISRO is one of the six government space agencies in the world that possesses full launch capabilities, can deploy cryogenic engines, can launch extraterrestrial missions and operate a large fleet of artificial satellites. ISRO is one of the four government space agencies to have soft landing (uncrewed) capabilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cartosat-2</span>

Cartosat-2 is an Earth observation satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit and the second of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite was built, launched and maintained by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Weighing around 680 kg at launch, its applications will mainly be towards cartography in India. It was launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C7 launch vehicle on 10 January 2007.

The Integrated Space Cell was the nodal agency within the Government of India which oversees the security of its space based military and civilian hardware systems. It was to be jointly operated by all the three services of the Indian Armed Forces, the civilian Defence Research and Development Organisation and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This agency was superseded by Defence Space Agency in 2019.[better source needed]

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RISAT</span> Series of Indian radar imaging satellites

RISAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) is a series of Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellites built by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). They provide all-weather surveillance using synthetic aperture radars (SAR).

RISAT-2, or Radar Imaging Satellite-2 was an Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellite that was part of India's RISAT programme. It was built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and successfully launched aboard a PSLV-CA launch vehicle at 01:15:00 UTC on 20 April 2009 from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

IRS-P2 was an Earth observation satellite launched under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) programme undertaken by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The objectives of the mission were to provide spaceborne capability to India in observing and managing natural resources and utilizing them in a productive manner. The satellite carried imaging multi-spectral radiometers on board for radio sensing of the resources.

IRS-1E was an Earth observation mission launched under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) programme by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Sometimes written IRS-P1. The objective of the mission was to develop Earth imagery using instruments carried on board. Due to a malfunction of the launch vehicle, the satellite deviated from its path and plunged into the Indian Ocean.

IRNSS-1E is the fifth out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C and IRNSS-1D. It is one among the seven of the IRNSS constellation of satellites launched to provide navigational services to the region. The satellite was placed in geosynchronous orbit. IRNSS-1E has been successfully launched into orbit on 20 January 2016

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NISAR (satellite)</span> Joint NASA-ISRO synthetic radar aperture spacecraft

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar on an Earth observation satellite. The satellite will be the first radar imaging satellite to use dual frequencies. It will be used for remote sensing, to observe and understand natural processes on Earth. For example, its left-facing instruments will study the Antarctic cryosphere. With a total cost estimated at US$1.5 billion, NISAR is likely to be the world's most expensive Earth-imaging satellite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EOS-04</span> Indian radar imaging satellite

EOS-04 or Earth Observation Satellite - 04 is an Indian Space Research Organisation Radar Imaging Satellite designed to provide high quality images under all weather conditions for applications such as Agriculture, Forestry & Plantations, Soil Moisture & Hydrology and Flood mapping. It is a follow on to RISAT-1 satellite with similar configuration. The satellite is developed by the ISRO and it is sixth in series of RISAT satellites.

PSLV-C3 was the third operational launch and overall sixth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-sixth launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous Low Earth orbit. The vehicle carried Technology Experiment Satellite, BIRD and PROBA. This was India's and ISRO's second commercial spaceflight. PSLV-C3 was launched at 10:23 a.m. IST on 22 October 2001 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSLV-C42</span> 44th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program

PSLV-C42 was the 44th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program and its 12th mission in the Core Alone (CA) configuration. PSLV-C42 successfully carried and deployed 2 Earth observation satellites in Sun-synchronous orbits at an altitude of 588 kilometres (365 mi). It was launched on 16 September 2018 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the first launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The two international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) and ISRO's commercial arm Antrix Corporation Limited, run under the auspices of the Indian Government's Department of Space.

RISAT-2B, or Radar Imaging Satellite-2B is an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that is part of India's RISAT programme and the third satellite in the series. It is built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to replace RISAT-2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RISAT-2BR1</span> Indian Earth observation satellite

RISAT-2BR1 is a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imaging satellite built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is part of India's RISAT series of SAR imaging satellite and fourth satellite in the series. RISAT-2BR1 was launched on 11 December 2019 at 09:55 UTC aboard Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C48 from First Launch Pad (FLP) of Satish Dhawan Space Centre. It was the 50th launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and 75th launch from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

PSLV-C46 was a mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, launched on Thursday, May 22, 2019, at 05:30 Hrs (IST) by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the first launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. In this mission, the 'Core-Alone' configuration of PSLV was flown.

References

  1. 1 2 "RISAT-1 satellite launch a "grand success"". The Hindu. 26 April 2012.
  2. 1 2 "RISAT-1 (Radar Imaging Satellite-1) - Status Mission". ESA Earth Observation Portal. 9 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Risat-1 satellite is functioning normally, says ISRO".
  4. 1 2 MORESHWAR PATIL, KAPIL; PATIL DANVE, RAOSAHEB; Singh, Jitendra (26 July 2017). "Details of satellites being operated by the country at present" . Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  5. 1 2 Raj, N. Gopal (25 April 2012). "RISAT-1's radar can see through clouds and work in darkness". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  6. ↑ Laxman, Srinivas (26 April 2012). "ISRO Launches India's First Radar Imaging Satellite, RISAT-1". Asian Scientist. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  7. ↑ "India to Launch RISAT-2". ASM. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  8. ↑ "ISRO's New Satellite Could See Through Even Cloudy Sky". Indo Daily. 7 November 2008. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
  9. ↑ "The importance of RISAT-1". Press Information Bureau, Mumbai. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  10. 1 2 "India successfully launches first microwave radar imaging satellite RISAT–1". The Times of India. 26 April 2012.
  11. ↑ "Earth Observation System". ISRO. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
  12. ↑ Varma, M. Dinesh (26 April 2012). "PSLV-C19 puts RISAT-1 in orbit". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  13. ↑ "RISAT-1". isac.gov.in. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  14. ↑ "Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) successfully placed in its final orbit". isro.gov.in. ISRO. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  15. ↑ "Debris-causing event ID'd near RISAT-1 (#38248) on 30 September 2016".
  16. ↑ "NASA Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Volume 20, Issue 4, October 2016" (PDF).PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  17. ↑ Krishnan, Raghu (9 May 2018). "It will take 3 years for industry to absorb satellite tech: K Sivan, ISRO chairman". The Economic Times. ISSN   0013-0389 . Retrieved 7 May 2023. In GSAT-6A, there could be a power issue. A spark could have led to a short circuit. In the last three satellites — GSAT-6, RISAT and GSAT-6A — we have shifted to a higher-powered satellite bus. We saw there were similar problems in RISAT after it completed its life.
  18. ↑ "RISAT-1 unavailability". ESA.
  19. ↑ "Details of satellites being operated by the country" (PDF). 26 July 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  20. ↑ "Annual Report Department of Space 2017-18" (PDF). isro.gov.in. Department of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018. Anomalies have been observed towards the end of 5 years mission life and satellite is no more operational.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.