TQ-12

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TQ-12
Country of origin China
Manufacturer LandSpace
StatusActive
Liquid-fuel engine
Propellant LOX / CH4
Mixture ratio2.92
Cycle Gas-generator cycle
Configuration
Nozzle ratio45
Performance
Thrust, vacuum745 kilonewtons (167,000  lbf) for sea level nozzle
785 kilonewtons (176,000  lbf) for vacuum nozzle
Thrust, sea-level658 kilonewtons (148,000  lbf)
Chamber pressure 10.1 MPa (1,460 psi)
Specific impulse, vacuum337 s
Specific impulse, sea-level284.5 s
Dimensions
Measurement3.9 m
Diameter1.5 m
Used in
ZQ-2
References
Notes [1] [2] [3]

The TQ-12 (Chinese :天鹊-12; pinyin :Tiānquè-12, lit. Sky Lark 12) is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen (methalox) developed by LandSpace. [4] TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding. [5] The engine has been designed to produce 670 kilonewtons (150,000  lbf ) of thrust at sea level. [6]

A TQ-12 engine during a hot firing test on 14 May 2020

History

The engine passed its first powerpack test including the turbopump, valves, ignition components, and the gas generator at a LandSpace facility in Huzhou on March 25, 2019. [7]

The engine's first full assembly was delivered in May 2019, and a hot fire test was successfully conducted the same month. [8] [9] The engine passed its first 200 second duration variable thrust test on October 26, 2019. [3] A series of 400s hot fire tests were conducted in January 2021 and the first-stage engine assembly for LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket was completed in February 2021. The launch vehicle[ which? ] first stage consists of four TQ-12 engines providing a takeoff thrust of 268 tons. [10] 37 TQ-12 family engines had been built by LandSpace as of July 2022, with cumulative hot fire test duration of more than 20,000 seconds. A record-breaking 3357 seconds of hot fire time were accumulated by one engine over 11 firings. [11]

In August 2022, LandSpace successfully tested an improved TQ-12A. Compared with the original TQ-12, the engine thrust is increased by 9%, the specific impulse is increased by 40 m/s, and the weight is reduced by 100kg. [11]

On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. Four TQ-12 engines powered the first stage, which performed normally during the flight. However, the TQ-11 vernier engines used in the second stage failed, and the rocket was lost. [12]

In July 2023, the 2nd launch of Zhuque-2 was successful and the payload reached orbit.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">YF-77</span> Chinese rocket engine

The YF-77 is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines powers the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">YF-100</span> Chinese rocket engine

The YF-100 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long March 6</span> Launch vehicle

The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6 for export or CZ 6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, "high-speed response" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates 1,340 kN (300,000 lbf) of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. This was the first flight of the new engine design.

This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data and specifications.

The YF-115 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. A high efficiency/high thrust environmental-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863. Development began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the bigger YF-100, which would power the LM-5, LM-6 and LM-7 boosters and first stages. Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. It will be used as upper stage engine for China's next generation of medium and light environmental-friendly launch vehicles, namely the Long March 6 and the Long March 7. During early 2012, the engine system successfully passed vacuum testing. It is China's first upper stage rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle.

LandSpace Technology Corporation is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Beijing. It was founded in 2015 by Zhang Changwu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhuque-2</span> Orbital launch vehicle by LandSpace

Zhuque-2 is a Chinese medium-class orbital launch vehicle developed by LandSpace. It is a liquid-fuelled rocket powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane (methalox) and was the first methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit.

The YF-130 is a Chinese rocket engine fueled by LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle currently in development. It has been designed to reach around 500 tonnes of thrust and it will power the super heavy Long March 9 rocket.

The TQ-11 is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen developed by LandSpace. It is used as the second stage vernier engine for LandSpace's ZQ-2 rocket. The engine produces 80 kilonewtons (18,000 lbf) of thrust in a vacuum.

The YF-79 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a closed expander cycle. It is China's fourth generation of upper stage cryogenic propellant engine, after the YF-73, YF-75 and the YF-75D. It can do multiple restarts thanks to an electric spark igniter and a prototype was tested at 60% and 100% thrust levels in December 2021.

The TQ-15 is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Landspace. The most recent version of the TQ engine family, the TQ-15A, is intended to power the second stage of LandSpace's upgraded Zhuque-2 rocket.

The TH-12 is an oxidizer-rich gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene under development by Space Pioneer. The TH-12 utilizes 3D printing and has the highest target thrust among all commercial rocket engines in China. The engine features deep throttling for reusability, re-ignition, thrust vectoring, and multi-mode starters.

The YF-90 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a staged combustion cycle. It is China's first hydrogen-oxygen engine to use the staged combustion cycle and is expected to be used for the second stage of the Long March 9, which is a three-stage rocket with boosters. The engine has advanced features such as variable thrust, multiple ignitions, and automatic fault diagnosis.

Tianlong-3 is a medium-lift orbital launch vehicle developed by the Chinese private aerospace manufacturer Space Pioneer. It is designed to be partially reusable, with the first stage capable of performing an autonomous vertical landing and being reused up to 10 times. Tianlong-3 is part of Space Pioneer's efforts to develop low-cost, reusable launch vehicles to compete in the growing commercial launch market. It aims to provide launch services for medium-sized payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO) and sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).

Jiuzhou Yunjian, also known as JZYJ, is a Chinese rocket engine design and production startup based in Beijing.

The Lingyun is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Jiuzhou Yunjian.

The Longyun is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Jiuzhou Yunjian.

The YF-209 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen in a gas-generator cycle. The engine is designed for reusability and commercial use and is currently under development as of May 2024.

The BF-20 is a full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by LandSpace.

References

  1. ↑ "TQ-12 Engine". LandSpace. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  2. ↑ ""天鹊"80吨液氧甲烷发动机100%推力100秒试车圆满成功("Tianque" 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine successfully tested for 100 seconds with 100% thrust)". Weixin Official Account Platform. LandSpace. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  3. 1 2 "突破推力调节技术 80吨液氧甲烷发动机200秒变推力试车成功(Breakthrough in thrust adjustment technology and successful 200-second variable thrust test of 80-ton liquid oxygen methane engine)". Weixin Official Accounts Platform. LandSpace. 26 Oct 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  4. ↑ Jones, Andrew (16 May 2019). "Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  5. ↑ "LandSpace Technology Obtains More Millions for Rocket Development". Satnews Daily. 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  6. ↑ Chen, Lan; Myrrhe, Jacqueline (3 Sep 2019). "The Space Review: Will LandSpace be China's SpaceX?". www.thespacereview.com. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  7. ↑ Jones, Andrew (23 April 2019). "Landspace, iSpace and Linkspace of China claim progress on new launchers". SpaceNews.
  8. ↑ Jones, Andrew (16 May 2019). "Landspace assembles methalox engine, signs international agreements". SpaceNews.
  9. ↑ Nyirady, Annamarie (17 May 2019). "China's LandSpace Successfully Tests TQ-12 Engine - Via Satellite -". Via Satellite. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  10. ↑ Jones, Andrew (19 February 2021). "Landspace closes in on orbital launch with liquid methane rocket". SpaceNews.
  11. 1 2 "蓝箭航天天鹊80吨改进型发动机完成二次起动试车 - 科学探索". cnBeta.COM (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Beil, Adrian (14 December 2022). "Chinese Zhuque-2 fails during first methalox orbital launch attempt". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
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