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The YF-77 is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines powers the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II.
The YF-100 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle.
The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6 for export or CZ 6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, "high-speed response" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates 1,340 kN (300,000 lbf) of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. This was the first flight of the new engine design.
The Long March 7, or Chang Zheng 7 in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed Bingjian, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST). It made its inaugural flight on 25 June 2016.
This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data and specifications.
Long March 8 is an orbital launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology to launch up to 5000 kg to a 700 km altitude Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). The rocket is based on the Long March 7 with its first stage and two boosters, along with the existing liquid hydrogen burning third stage of the Long March 3A/3B/3C and 7A as its second stage. The boosters are omitted in the "core only" variant that first flew on its second launch in February 2022.
The YF-115 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. A high efficiency/high thrust environmental-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863. Development began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the bigger YF-100, which would power the LM-5, LM-6 and LM-7 boosters and first stages. Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. It will be used as upper stage engine for China's next generation of medium and light environmental-friendly launch vehicles, namely the Long March 6 and the Long March 7. During early 2012, the engine system successfully passed vacuum testing. It is China's first upper stage rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle.
Zhuque-2 is a Chinese medium-class orbital launch vehicle developed by LandSpace. It is a liquid-fuelled rocket powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane (methalox) and was the first methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
The TQ-12 is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen (methalox) developed by LandSpace. TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding. The engine has been designed to produce 670 kilonewtons (150,000 lbf) of thrust at sea level.
The YF-130 is a Chinese rocket engine fueled by LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle currently in development. It has been designed to reach around 500 tonnes of thrust and it will power the super heavy Long March 9 rocket.
The Long March 6A or Chang Zheng 6A as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6A for export or CZ 6A within China, is a Chinese medium-lift launch vehicle in the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST).
The TH-12 is an oxidizer-rich gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene under development by Space Pioneer. The TH-12 utilizes 3D printing and has the highest target thrust among all commercial rocket engines in China. The engine features deep throttling for reusability, re-ignition, thrust vectoring, and multi-mode starters.
Long March 10, also known as the “Next Generation crewed launch vehicle”, and previously and unofficially as the “921 rocket” or the "Long March 5G", is a Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's human spaceflight program. In 2022, the first flight was targeted for 2027. By 2024, the first flight's target was moved up to 2025–26.In April 2024, it was announced that program development was complete.
The YF-90 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a staged combustion cycle. It is China's first hydrogen-oxygen engine to use the staged combustion cycle and is expected to be used for the second stage of the Long March 9, which is a three-stage rocket with boosters. The engine has advanced features such as variable thrust, multiple ignitions, and automatic fault diagnosis.
The Long March 6C (CZ-6C) is a Chinese two-stage-to-orbit liquid-fueled launch vehicle designed and manufactured by Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The rocket is a dual engine first stage variant of the Long March 6; alternatively, it may be considered to be a slightly shorter single stick variant of the Long March 6A. Both the first and second stages of the rocket use liquid oxygen and RP-1 propellants. It is employed to launch small and medium-sized military, civilian and commercial satellites to LEOs and Sun-synchronous orbits; it is capable of lifting 2,400 kg to 500 km SSOs.
Tianlong-3 is a medium-lift orbital launch vehicle developed by the Chinese private aerospace manufacturer Space Pioneer. It is designed to be partially reusable, with the first stage capable of performing an autonomous vertical landing and being reused up to 10 times. Tianlong-3 is part of Space Pioneer's efforts to develop low-cost, reusable launch vehicles to compete in the growing commercial launch market. It aims to provide launch services for medium-sized payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO) and sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).
The Lingyun is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Jiuzhou Yunjian.
The Longyun is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Jiuzhou Yunjian.
The YF-209 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen in a gas-generator cycle. The engine is designed for reusability and commercial use and is currently under development as of May 2024.
The BF-20 is a full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by LandSpace.
References
- 1 2 Xin, Zhang. "我国重型运载火箭25吨级膨胀循环氢氧发动机首台推力室挤压试验取得圆满成功" [First thrust chamber test firing of China's heavy launch vehicle 25-tonne hydrogen-oxygen expansion cycle engine a complete success] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
- ↑ Brügge, Norbert (2021-12-22). "An overlook to China's new generation of Rocket Engines". B14643.de. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
- ↑ 崔荣军,何伟锋. "25吨级膨胀循环发动机技术方案研究". 导弹与航天运载技术2015年06期. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
- ↑ 褚宝鑫,赵海龙,陈旭扬,龚杰峰 (2022-01-05). "25tf膨胀循环氢氧发动机研制进展" (in Simplified Chinese). 《火箭推进》2022年02期. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
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