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Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Traditionally, most of its members were included in the loculoascomycetes, which is not part of the currently accepted classification. This indicates that several traditional morphological features in the class are not unique and DNA sequence comparisons are important to define the class.
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The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate it contains 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Dothideomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of three orders: Dothideales, Myriangiales and Capnodiales. The cavities of the sexual structures do not have vertical cells growing between the sac-like cells bearing the sexual spores (asci).
Pleosporomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of four orders: Pleosporales, Hysteriales, Mytilinidiales, and Jahnulales. One of its defining features is the presence of pseudoparaphyses. These are sterile cells extending down from the upper portion of the cavity inside sexual structures containing the sac-like asci with sexually produced spores (ascospores). Pseudoparaphyses are initially attached at both their ends, but sometimes the upper part may become free. Some orders and families where these cells are present remain outside the subclass since DNA based phylogenies cannot place them with confidence. However they could conceivably be included within Pleosporomycetidae in future.
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Naïs is a genus of fungi in the family Halosphaeriaceae. The genus, which contains two species, was circumscribed by mycologist Jan Kohlmeyer in 1962 to contain Naïs inornata. N. aquatica was described from submerged wood collected in north Queensland, Australia in 1992.
Halographis is a lichenized genus of fungi in the family Roccellaceae; according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement in this family is uncertain. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Halographis runica described in 1988.
Aquamarina is a fungal genus in the class Dothideomycetes. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single marine species Aquamarina speciosa, originally found in North Carolina, and distributed in the Atlantic Coast of the United States. The bluish-green species fruits exclusively in the lower parts of dying culms of the saltmarsh plant Juncus roemerianus.
Oceanitis is a genus of marine fungi in the class Halosphaeriaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Jan Kohlmeyer in 1977, with Oceanitis scuticella assigned as the type species.
Leotiomyceta represents all the filamentous ascomycete fungi (Pezizomycotina), excluding the classes Pezizomycetes and Orbiliomycetes. It is well supported in several studies comparing DNA sequences in fungi. It has originally been proposed as a superclass but more recently was proposed as a rankless taxon for any well supported group above class. Rankless taxa do not strictly follow the rules for taxonomic classifications in plants and fungi (ICBN) and therefore these names are informal, although they appear to reflect natural groups.
The Papulosaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. The family has not been assigned to any order. A monotypic taxon, the Papulosaceae contain the single genus Papulosa, which in turn contains the single species Papulosa amerospora. This species, found in the eastern USA, grows in Juncus stems.
The Lulworthiaceae are a family of marine fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical oceans, and are typically found growing on submerged wood or on seaweed. In 2000, Molecular analysis of several species of Lulworthia and Lindra led to the reassignment of their parent genera to the new order Lulworthiales in addition to the new family Lulworthiaceae.
Keissleriella rara is a rare species of fungus in the family Lophiostomataceae. The species fruits exclusively on dead or dying standing culms of the saltmarsh plant Juncus roemerianus. It is known only from the Atlantic Coast of North Carolina.
Massarina carolinensis is a species of fungus in the Lophiostomataceae family. The species is found exclusively on the lower parts of the culms of the saltmarsh Juncus roemerianus on the Atlantic Coast of North Carolina.
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Glomerellaceae is a monotypic family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes that contains only one genus, Colletotrichum.
References
- ↑ Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B. (1993). "Atrotorquata and Loratospora: new ascomycete genera on Juncus roemerianus". Systema Ascomycetum. 12: 7–22.