The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly,formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy,was elected to draft a constitution,which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes,the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it,because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.
Enrico Letta is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014,leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. He was the leader of the Democratic Party (PD) from March 2021 to March 2023. He is currently the Dean of IE University’s School of Politics,Economics and Global Affairs in Madrid,Spain.
Giorgio Napolitano was an Italian politician who served as President of Italy from 2006 to 2015,the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days,he was the longest-serving president,until the record was surpassed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic,which has been in existence since 1946. Although he was a prominent figure of the First Italian Republic,he did not take part in the Constituent Assembly of Italy that drafted the Italian constitution;he is considered one of the symbols of the Second Italian Republic,which came about after the Tangentopoli scandal of the 1990s. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics,some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio.
Angelino Alfano is an Italian former politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.
Giovanni Battista Conso was an Italian jurist who served on the Constitutional Court of Italy for nine years beginning in 1982,and has served as President of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1989 until his death in 2015.
The Palazzo della Consulta is a late Baroque palace in central Rome,Italy;since 1955,it houses the Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic. It sits across the Piazza del Quirinale from the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic,the Quirinal Palace.
The Italian electoral law of 2015,also known as Italicum,was an Italian electoral law passed in 2015. The law,which came into force on 1 July 2016,regulated only the election of the Chamber of Deputies,replacing the Italian electoral law of 2005,which had been ruled partly unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Italy in December 2013. It provided for a two-round system based on party-list proportional representation,including a majority bonus and a 3% election threshold. Candidates would have run in 100 multi-member constituencies using open lists. The largest party which won over 40% of the vote would automatically win a majority of seats;if no party won 40% of seats,a second round of voting would be held between the two largest parties,with the winner of the second round winning a majority of seats. The name "Italicum" was coined in 2014 by Democratic Party secretary and later Prime Minister of Italy,Matteo Renzi,who was one of the legislation's main proponent.
Franco Gallo is an Italian constitutionalist,former Minister of Finance and former President of the Italian Constitutional Court. He is a member of the Italy–USA Foundation and of the Accademia dei Lincei.
The Renzi government was the 63rd government of the Italian Republic,in office from February 2014 to December 2016. It was led by Matteo Renzi,secretary and leader of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD).
Maurizio Martina is an Italian politician and former member of the Chamber of Deputies,who served as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) from March to November 2018,being appointed after the 2018 Italian general election. He served as Minister of Agricultural,Food and Forestry Policies from 22 February 2014 to 13 March 2018,in the governments of Matteo Renzi and Paolo Gentiloni. On 7 May 2017,he was elected Deputy Secretary of the Democratic Party. Martina resigned as Agriculture Minister and took over as acting secretary of the PD after Matteo Renzi resigned following a poor election showing in 2018.
Marta Cartabia is an Italian jurist and academic who served as Minister of Justice in the government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Mario Rosario Morelli is an Italian judge. He was Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 12 December 2011 and 12 December 2020,and served as its president from 16 September 2020.
NicolòZanon is an Italian judge and law professor. He has been Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 11 November 2014 to 11 November 2023. Previously he was a law professor at the University of Milan.
Giulio Prosperetti is an Italian judge and labour law professor at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. He has been Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy since 21 December 2015.
Claudio De Vincenti is an Italian politician,economist and university professor.
Luca Antonini is an Italian lawyer,jurist,and constitutional law professor at the University of Padua. He is Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy since 26 July 2018.
Valerio Onida was an Italian jurist,and constitutional law professor,Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy and President of the Court from September 2004 to January 2005.
A five-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 June 2022. Voters were asked to decide on the repeal of five articles or decrees relating to the functions of the Italian judicial system. Each of the five questions were submitted by nine Italian regions,all governed by the centre-right coalition.
Gaetano Azzariti was an Italian jurist and politician,who headed the Commission on Race under the Fascist regime,and served as Minister of Justice of Pietro Badoglio's government after the fall of the Italian fascist regime. After the war,from 1957 to 1961,he was president of the Constitutional Court of Italy.
