A referendum,in the Italian legal system is a request directed to the whole electorate to express their view on a determined question. It is the main instrument of direct democracy in Italy.
Roberto Fiore is an Italian politician and the leader of the party Forza Nuova,convicted in Italy for subversion and armed gang activity and for his links to the right wing terrorist organization "Terza posizione". He self-identifies as a neo-fascist.
Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi have been extensive and include abuse of office,bribery and corruption of police officers,judges and politicians,collusion,defamation,embezzlement,extortion,false accounting,mafia,money laundering,perjury,tax fraud,underage prostitution influence and witness tampering.
Giuseppe "Pippo" Calò is an Italian mobster and member of the Sicilian Mafia in Porta Nuova. He was referred to as the cassiere di Cosa Nostra because he was heavily involved in the financial side of organized crime,primarily money laundering. He was arrested in 1985 and charged with ordering the murder of Roberto Calvi –nicknamed il banchiere di Dio –of the Banco Ambrosiano in 1982,but was acquitted in 2007 due to "insufficient evidence" in a surprise verdict. After Calòwas sentenced to 23 years' imprisonment as part of the 1986/87 Maxi Trial,he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1989 for organising the 1984 Train 904 bombing. He was given several further life sentences between 1995 and 2002.
The Supreme Court of Cassation is the highest court of appeal or court of last resort in Italy. It has its seat in the Palace of Justice,Rome.
Giovanni Battista Conso was an Italian jurist who served on the Constitutional Court of Italy for nine years beginning in 1982,and has served as President of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1989 until his death in 2015.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender (LGBT) rights in Italy significantly advanced in the 21st century,although LGBT people still face various legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to ILGA-Europe's 2021 report,the status of LGBT rights in Italy is the worst among Western European countries –such as still not recognizing same-sex marriage,lacking nationwide discrimination protections for goods and services,as well as not granting to same-sex couples parental rights,such as adoption and IVF.
Bruno Contrada is the former police chief of Palermo and deputy director of the civil intelligence service SISDE who was arrested based on revelations of former Sicilian Mafiosi turned pentiti,Gaspare Mutolo and Giuseppe Marchese.
Salvatore Riina,called Totò'u Curtu,was an Italian mobster and chief of the Sicilian Mafia,known for a ruthless murder campaign that reached a peak in the early 1990s with the assassinations of Antimafia Commission prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino,resulting in widespread public outcry and a major crackdown by the authorities. He was also known by the nicknames la belva and il capo dei capi.
The judiciary of Italy is a system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the Italian Republic. In Italy,judges are public officials and,since they exercise one of the sovereign powers of the State,only Italian citizens are eligible for judgeship. In order to become a judge,applicants must obtain a degree of higher education as well as pass written and oral examinations. However,most training and experience is gained through the judicial organization itself. The potential candidates then work their way up from the bottom through promotions.
Pietro Grasso,also known as Piero Grasso,is an Italian anti-mafia magistrate and politician who served as President of the Senate from 2013 to 2018.
Alessandro Criscuolo was an Italian judge. He was President of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 12 November 2014 and 24 February 2016. He served as a Judge on the Court between 2008 and 2017.
Giorgio Lattanzi is an Italian judge. He was Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 9 December 2010 to 9 December 2019 and President from 8 March 2018 until the end of his mandate.
Aldo Carosi is an Italian judge. He has been a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy since 13 September 2011 and has served as one of its Vice Presidents since 24 February 2016.
Marta Cartabia is an Italian jurist and academic who served as Minister of Justice in the government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Mario Rosario Morelli is an Italian judge. He was Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 12 December 2011 and 12 December 2020,and served as its president from 16 September 2020.
The High Council of the Judiciary is an Italian institution of constitutional importance,which regulates the Ordinary Judiciary of Italy. The High Council is based in the Palazzo dei Marescialli,in Piazza Indipendenza 6.
Stefano Petitti is an Italian judge. He has been Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy since 10 December 2019.
