BMW M20

Last updated
BMW M20 engine
M20B25.jpg
Overview
Production1977–1993
Layout
Configuration Straight-6
Displacement 2.0 L (1,991 cc)
2.3 L (2,316 cc)
2.5 L (2,494 cc)
2.7 L (2,693 cc)
Cylinder bore 80 mm (3.15 in)
84 mm (3.31 in)
Piston stroke 66 mm (2.60 in)
75 mm (2.95 in)
76.8 mm (3.02 in)
81 mm (3.19 in)
Cylinder block materialCast iron
Cylinder head materialAluminium
Valvetrain SOHC
Combustion
Fuel type Petrol
Chronology
PredecessorNone
Successor BMW M50

The BMW M20 is a SOHC straight-six petrol engine which was produced from 1977 to 1993. It was introduced eight years after the larger BMW M30 straight-six engine, which remained in production alongside the M20. [1]

Contents

The first cars to use the M20 were the E12 5 Series and the E21 3 Series. The initial M20 model had a displacement of 2.0 L (122 cu in), with later versions having displacements of up to 2.7 L (165 cu in). [2]

The M20 began to be phased out following the introduction of the M50 engine in 1990. The final M20 engines were fitted to the E30 3 Series wagon (estate) and convertible model built in April 1993. [3]

The M20 was the basis for the BMW M21 diesel engine. [4] It is also loosely related to the BMW M70 V12 petrol engine.

History

By the 1970s, BMW felt the need for a six-cylinder engine smaller than the BMW M30, to use in the 3 Series and 5 Series. [5] : 92  The resulting M20 had a displacement of 2.0 L (122 cu in), BMW's smallest straight-six engine of its day. BMW presented the M20 engine at the 1977 IAA as a 90 kW 2.0-litre Solex 4A1 carburetted version, and as a 105 kW 2.3-litre K-Jetronic multi-point injected version. [6] Later versions had displacements up to 2.7 L (165 cu in). The M20 was used in the E12 5 Series, E21 3 Series, E28 5 Series, E30 3 Series and E34 5 Series.

Early versions of the M20 were sometimes referred to as the "M60", [7] [8] although the M60 designation has since been re-used for a V8 engine produced from 1992 to 1996.

Design

As per the M30, the M20 has an iron block, aluminium head and a SOHC valvetrain with 2 valves per cylinder. [9] It has a traditional rocker arm design and no hydraulic tappets. [10] The major differences to the M30 are:

Models

VersionDisplacementPowerTorqueYearsNotes
M20B20 1,991 cc (121.5 cu in)90 kW (122 PS; 121 bhp)
at 6,000 rpm [14] 		163 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1977-1982Austrian models rated at 88 kW (120 PS) [15]
92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp)
at 5,800 rpm		170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1982-1984
174 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1984-1987
95 kW (129 PS; 127 bhp)
at 6,000 rpm		164 N⋅m (121 lb⋅ft)
at 4,300 rpm		1986-1992
M20B23 2,316 cc (141.3 cu in)105 kW (143 PS; 141 bhp)
at 5,300 rpm [14] 		190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft)
at 4,500 rpm		1977-1982
102 kW (139 PS; 137 bhp)
at 5,300 rpm		205 N⋅m (151 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1982-1983
110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp)
at 6,000 rpm		1983-1987
M20B25 2,494 cc (152.2 cu in)126 kW (171 PS; 169 bhp)
at 5,800 rpm		226 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1985-1990
125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp)
at 5,800 rpm		226 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft)
at 4,300 rpm		1987-1992Catalyzed
M20B27 2,693 cc (164.3 cu in)92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp)
at 4,250 rpm		240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft)
at 3,250 rpm		1982-1985US models rated at 90 kW (121 hp)
90 kW (122 PS; 121 bhp)
at 4,250 rpm		230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft)
at 3,250 rpm		1985-1987Austrian models rated at 88 kW (120 PS) [16] [17]
95 kW (129 PS; 127 bhp)
at 4,250 rpm		240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft)
at 3,250 rpm		1985-1988

    M20B20

    Early M20 engine with K-Jetronic BMW e21 engine.JPG
    Early M20 engine with K-Jetronic

    The first models to use the M20 were the E12 520/6 and the E21 320/6, which used a 1,991 cc (121 cu in) version known as the M20B20VE or M60/2. [18] [19] This engine uses a bore of 80 mm (3.15 in) and a stroke of 66 mm (2.60 in). [18] A Solex 4A1 four-barrel carburetor was used in the M20B20VE ("VE" is for vergaser- "carburettor" in German), [20] and it has a compression ratio of 9.2:1 and a redline of 6,400 rpm.

    The M20 first became fuel-injected in 1981, [21] with Bosch K-Jetronic used in a 92 kW (123 hp) version called the M20B20KE. [22] The compression ratio was raised to 9.9:1.

    In September 1982 (coinciding with the release of the E30 3 Series), the fuel injection was updated to LE-Jetronic with a redline of 6,200 rpm. Other upgrades included a larger port (known as "731") cylinder head, a lighter block and new manifolds.[ citation needed ] The "M60" designation was dropped and this version was known as the M20B20LE. [23]

    In 1987, the M20B20 was again revised with the addition of Bosch Motronic engine management, a catalytic converter and a compression ratio of 8.8:1. [24] [23]

    The M20B20 was not sold in the United States, but was available in the E30 (320i) in Canada.

    Applications:

    M20B23

    In March 1978 (six months after the M20 was launched), a fuel-injected and larger displacement version known as the M20B23KE (or M60/5) was introduced. This version uses the same head (known as "200") and block as the 2.0 litre version but a longer 76.8 mm (3.02 in) stroke crank. The bore is 80 mm (3.15 in) and it has a capacity of 2,316 cc (2.3 L). Fuel injection was K-Jetronic, the compression ratio is 9.5:1, the power output is 105 kW (143 PS; 141 hp) [14] and the redline is 6,400 rpm. [20]

    The 1982 version used LE-Jetronic, the 731 cylinder head, a compression ratio of 9.8:1 and the other upgrades as the per the 2.0 litre version. This version is called the M20B23LE and has a power output of 102 kW (137 hp).

    In September 1983, the M20B23LE's fuel-injection, exhaust and camshaft were upgraded and power increased to 110 kW (148 hp) with a redline of 6,500 rpm. The 102 kW (137 hp) version continued to be available in certain markets with strict emissions regulations (such as Switzerland) until replaced by the 325i. [29]

    The M20B23 versions were not sold in North America.

    Applications:

    M20B25

    In 1985, the M20B25 replaced the M20B23. The M20B25 has a capacity of 2,494 cc (152.2 cu in) and initially produced 126 kW (171 PS; 169 hp) (without a catalytic converter). [31] It has an upgraded cylinder head (known as "885"), a bore of 84 mm (3.31 in), a stroke of 75 mm (2.95 in), a compression ratio of 9.4:1, a redline of 6,500 rpm and uses Bosch Motronic 1.1 engine management. [32] [23]

    In 1987, a catalyzed model with Motronic 1.3 engine management was introduced. [33] [23] The compression ratio was reduced to 8.8:1 but thanks to the more sophisticated electronics power remained nearly as before, at 125 kW (170 PS; 168 hp). The uncatalyzed engine was kept in production for Southern Europe and other markets where unleaded petrol was not regularly available.

    Applications:

    M20B27

    The M20B27 was designed for efficiency (thus the e for the Greek letter eta in 325e) and low-rev torque. [34] This is an unusual design strategy for a BMW straight-six engine, which are usually designed for power at high RPM. Compared with the M20B25, the stroke is increased from 75 to 81 mm (2.95 to 3.19 in), resulting in a capacity of 2,693 cc (164.3 cu in). [32] Since many markets tax cars based on engine displacement, the eta's larger displacement meant that it was not suitable for all markets. It was expressly developed with the American market in mind. As per the M20B25, the bore is 84 mm (3.31 in). To reduce friction and improve efficiency, the M20B27 changes include using the '200' version of the head (which has smaller ports), a different camshaft, four camshaft journals and softer valve springs. Due to these changes the rev limit on the M20B27 was reduced to 4,800 rpm. The initial version, called the M20B27ME, produces 92 kW (123 hp) and 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) at 3,250 rpm for models without a catalytic converter. [32] Models with a catalytic converter produce 90 kW (121 hp) and 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft).

    In the United States, BMW's corporate average fuel economy was at risk of not meeting requirements by 1984, primarily due to higher sales of their bigger, more expensive cars in the early 1980s. [35] The first car to use the M20B27 was the US market 528e in 1982. The compression ratio of the U.S. M20B27ME version was 9.0:1, compared with for cars sold elsewhere 11.0:1.

    In 1985, the M20B27ME.E version was introduced, increasing power output to 95 kW (127 hp) despite a lower compression ratio of 10.3:1. [36]

    In late 1987, the fuel injection was upgraded to Motronic 1.3 on the US market plastic bumper 325e and 528e 'Super Eta', [37] [38] the cylinder head changed to the "885" version, the compression ratio was reduced to 8.5:1 and the redline increased to 5,200 rpm. [39] Power output increased to 95 kW (127 hp) at 4,800 rpm.

    In the early 1990s BMW South Africa used components from the Alpina C3 2.7 to produce an E30 specifically for Stannic Group N production car racing. The first iteration of this engine used in the E30 325iS produced 145 kW (194 hp) and the second revision, often referred to as "Evo2" or on the VIN plate as "HP2" produced 155 kW (208 hp).

    Applications:

    See also

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    References

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    3. ↑ "BMW 3 Series Touring (E30) (1988 - 1993)". autoevolution.
    4. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2012-06-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    5. ↑ Lewin, Tony (2016). The BMW Century. Motorbooks. ISBN   978-0-7603-5017-1.
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    8. ↑ John G.Burns. "The UnixNerd's Domain - BMW M20 Six Cylinder Engines".
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    12. ↑ "M50 Engine". Archived from the original on 12 May 2012.
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    14. 1 2 3 "BMW Presse: 47. IAA Frankfurt 1977". bmw-grouparchiv.de. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
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    17. ↑ "BETRIEBSANLEITUNG 316, 318i, 320i, 325e, 325i, 324d". bmw-grouparchiv.de (in German). p. 150. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
    18. 1 2 "1977 BMW 520".
    19. ↑ "BMW E21 3-series Sedan specs | Specs4BMW.com". Archived from the original on 2015-06-27. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
    20. 1 2 Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981). World Cars 1981. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. p. 107. ISBN   0-910714-13-4.
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    22. ↑ "Automobil Revue". 1983: 205.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    23. 1 2 3 4 Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 5, 1987). Automobil Revue 1987 (in German and French). Vol. 82. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. pp. 184–186. ISBN   3-444-00458-3.
    24. ↑ "BMW e30 - BMW e30 Club". Archived from the original on 2011-11-26.
    25. ↑ "5' E28 520i FUEL INJECTION K-JETRONIC". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
    26. ↑ "5' E28 520i Control unit L-jetronic". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
    27. ↑ "5' E28 520i Control unit L-jetronic". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
    28. ↑ "5' E28 520i Uncoded DME control unit". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
    29. ↑ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 1, 1984). Automobil Revue '84 (in German and French). Vol. 79. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG. p. 179. ISBN   3-444-06070-X.
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    35. ↑ Heylen, Vic (1983-04-28). "BMW: Met de ETA op de zuinige tor" [BMW: With Eta on an economy run]. De AutoGids (in Dutch). Vol. 4, no. 94. Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine. p. 130.
    36. ↑ "M20B27 Engine Specs". www.e30tech.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
    37. ↑ Automobil Revue '83, p. 206
    38. ↑ Heitz, Rudolf, ed. (1985-08-01). Auto Katalog 1986 (in German). Vol. 29. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 210. 81530/85001.
    39. ↑ "325e". www.e30zone.net. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
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