BPIFB5P

Last updated
BPIFB5P
Identifiers
Aliases BPIFB5P , BPI fold containing family B member 5, pseudogene
External IDs GeneCards: BPIFB5P
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

100505383

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Ensembl

ENSG00000233146

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 33.32 – 33.33 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

BPI fold containing family B, member 5 is a non-human protein encoded by the BPIFB5 gene, also known as LPLUNC5. The BPIFB5 protein and BPIFB5 gene have been characterized in mammals such as rodents (mouse, [3] rat [4] ) and even-toed ungulates (pig, [5] cow [6] ) but are apparently lacking in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. [7] The protein in rodents is expressed at moderately high levels in mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and at moderate levels in salivary glands, esophagus, and gonads (ovary, testis); [8] in even-toed ungulates expression is high in testis, moderate in brain and striated muscle, and low in kidney. [9] [10]

Contents

In humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as a pseudogene BPIFB5P. [11] The pseudogene was named based on its functional ortholog found in the other species. [12]

Superfamily

BPIFB5 is a member of the BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. [13] This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/LPB/CETP family. [14] The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions.

BPIFB5P is a human pseudogene member the BPI-fold gene family and the transcribed protein in other species is a member of the BPI/LBP/PLUNC protein superfamily BPIFfamily-BPIFB5P.png
BPIFB5P is a human pseudogene member the BPI-fold gene family and the transcribed protein in other species is a member of the BPI/LBP/PLUNC protein superfamily

Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. [15] [16] Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members encode the BPI fold structural motif and are found clustered on a single chromosome, e.g., Chromosome 20 in humans, Chromosome 2 in mouse, Chromosome 3 in rat, Chromosome 17 in pig, Chromosome 13 in cow. The BPIF gene family is split into two groupings, BPIFA and BPIFB. In humans, BIPFA consists of 3 genes that encode proteins BPIFA1 , BPIFA2 , BPIFA3 , and 1 pseudogene BPIFA4P ; while BPIFB consists of 5 genes that encode proteins BPIFB1 , BPIFB2 , BPIFB3 , BPIFB4 , BPIFB6 and 2 pseudogenes BPIFB5P, BPIFB9P . What appears as pseudogenes in humans may appear as fully functional genes in other species.

The human BPIFB5P pseudogene is found clustered with other members of the BPIF gene family conforming to the pattern observed in mammals, but this is not the case for other vertebrate species. In a systematic analysis of the chicken genome, the LPLUNC1(BPIFB1) / LPLUNC5(BPIFB5) branch of the gene family was determined to be absent, therefore BPIFB1 and BPIFB5 proteins likely arose only after the speciation of mammals. [17]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 2</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome, spanning more than 242 million base pairs and representing almost eight percent of the total DNA in human cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 4</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 193 million base pairs and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 5</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 5 spans about 182 million base pairs and represents almost 6% of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 5 is the 5th largest human chromosome, yet has one of the lowest gene densities. This is partially explained by numerous gene-poor regions that display a remarkable degree of non-coding and syntenic conservation with non-mammalian vertebrates, suggesting they are functionally constrained.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 8</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 146 million base pairs and represents between 4.5 and 5.0% of the total DNA in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 11</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 135 million base pairs and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. The shorter arm is termed 11p while the longer arm is 11q. At about 21.5 genes per megabase, chromosome 11 is one of the most gene-rich, and disease-rich, chromosomes in the human genome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 17</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 84 million base pairs and represents between 2.5 and 3% of the total DNA in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 20</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and was reported to contain over 59 million base pairs. Since then, due to sequencing improvements and fixes, the length of chromosome 20 has been updated to just over 66 million base pairs.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold-containing family B, member 2, (BPIFB2) also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ABCC13</span> Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens

Putative ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 13 is a protein that is not present in humans. In humans, ABCC13 is a pseudogene.

GeneCards is a database of human genes that provides genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, genetic and functional information on all known and predicted human genes. It is being developed and maintained by the Crown Human Genome Center at the Weizmann Institute of Science, in collaboration with LifeMap Sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lipid-binding serum glycoprotein</span>

In molecular biology, the lipid-binding serum glycoproteins family, also known as the BPI/LBP/Plunc family or LBP/BPI/CETP family represents a family which includes mammalian lipid-binding serum glycoproteins and/or proteins containing a structural motif known as the BPI fold. Members of this family include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFA3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold containing family A, member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA3 gene. The gene is also known as SPLUNC3 and C20orf71 in humans and the orthologous gene in mice is 1700058C13Rik.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM185A</span> Gene of the species Homo sapiens

The FAM185A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM185A gene. The FAM185A gene is found on the positive strand of Chromosome 7 at 7q22.1. The gene begins 102,389,399bp from the p-terminus of the chromosome and ends at 102,449,672bp from the p-terminus; it covers a total of 73,308 basepairs. The protein encoded by this gene is characterized by the presence of multiple copies of DUF4098 near its C-terminus. It is described as a Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE), a subclass of penaeid repetitive elements (PREs).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold containing family B, member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold containing family B, member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB1 gene. BPIFB1 is a member of the BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with lipids, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CXorf38 Isoform 1</span> Human protein

Chromosome X Open Reading Frame 38 (CXorf38) is a protein which, in humans, is encoded by the CXorf38 gene. CXorf38 appears in multiple studies regarding the escape of X chromosome inactivation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold containing family B, member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB3 gene. Two variants have been detected in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BPI fold containing family B, member 6 (BPIFB6), also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 3 (BPIL3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB6 gene, also known as BPIL3 and LPLUNC6. It is expressed at high levels in hypertrophic tonsils, at relatively moderate levels in oronasal epithelium including nasal mucosa, tongue, and salivary gland, as well as esophageal mucosa at lesser levels. Orthologs are present in many vertebrate species including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BPIFB9P</span> Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens

Vomeromodulin is a non-human protein also known as BPI fold containing family B, member 9 (BPIFB9) in the rat encoded by the BPIFB9/RYF3 gene, and as BPI fold containing family B, member 9A (BPIFB9A) encoded by the BPIFB9a gene in the mouse. This protein has been characterized in mammals such as rodents, carnivores, even-toed ungulates, insectivores, bats, lagomorphs, and shrews but is apparently absent in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Its function is associated with detection of chemical odorant pheromone molecules.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000233146 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ↑ "Mus musculus BPI fold containing family B, member 5 (Bpifb5), mRNA". 17 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Bpifb5 BPI fold containing family B, member 5 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene - NCBI".
  5. ↑ "Sus scrofa long palate lung and nasal epithelium protein 5 (BPIFB5), mRNA". 1 July 2020.
  6. ↑ "Bos taurus BPI fold containing family B, member 5 (BPIFB5), mRNA". 4 July 2020.
  7. ↑ "bpifb5 - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. See: "Results by taxon"
  8. ↑ "Gene : Bpifb5 - ENSMUSG00000038572". bgee.org. The Bgee suite: integrated curated expression atlas and comparative transcriptomics in animals. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  9. ↑ "Gene : BPIFB5 - ENSBTAG00000031361". bgee.org. The Bgee suite: integrated curated expression atlas and comparative transcriptomics in animals. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  10. ↑ "Gene : BPIFB5 - ENSSSCG00000007262". bgee.org. The Bgee suite: integrated curated expression atlas and comparative transcriptomics in animals. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  11. ↑ "BPIFB5P BPI fold containing family B member 5, pseudogene [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI".
  12. ↑ "Symbol report for BPIFB5P". www.genenames.org. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
  13. ↑ Beamer LJ, Carroll SF, Eisenberg D (April 1998). "The BPI/LBP family of proteins: a structural analysis of conserved regions". Protein Science. 7 (4): 906–914. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070408. PMC   2143972 . PMID   9568897.
  14. ↑ "CDD Conserved Protein Domain Family: BPI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  15. ↑ Beamer LJ, Fischer D, Eisenberg D (July 1998). "Detecting distant relatives of mammalian LPS-binding and lipid transport proteins". Protein Science. 7 (7): 1643–1646. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070721. PMC   2144061 . PMID   9684900.
  16. ↑ Bingle CD, Seal RL, Craven CJ (August 2011). "Systematic nomenclature for the PLUNC/PSP/BSP30/SMGB proteins as a subfamily of the BPI fold-containing superfamily". Biochemical Society Transactions. 39 (4): 977–983. doi:10.1042/BST0390977. PMC   3196848 . PMID   21787333.
  17. ↑ Chiang SC, Veldhuizen EJ, Barnes FA, Craven CJ, Haagsman HP, Bingle CD (March 2011). "Identification and characterisation of the BPI/LBP/PLUNC-like gene repertoire in chickens reveals the absence of a LBP gene". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 35 (3): 285–295. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2010.09.013. PMC   3253384 . PMID   20959152.
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