| BPIFB3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | BPIFB3 , C20orf185, LPLUNC3, RYA3, dJ726C3.4, BPI fold containing family B member 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 615717 MGI: 2675077 HomoloGene: 18807 GeneCards: BPIFB3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BPI fold containing family B, member 3 (BPIFB3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB3 gene. [5] Two variants have been detected in humans. [6] [7]
BPIFB3 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. [8] This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/LPB/CETP family. [9] The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions.
Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. [10] [11] Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members encode the BPI fold structural motif and are found clustered on a single chromosome, e.g., Chromosome 20 in humans, Chromosome 2 in mouse, Chromosome 3 in rat, Chromosome 17 in pig, Chromosome 13 in cow. The BPIF gene family is split into two groupings, BPIFA and BPIFB. In humans, BIPFA consists of 3 protein encoding genes BPIFA1 , BPIFA2 , BPIFA3 , and 1 pseudogene BPIFA4P ; while BPIFB consists of 5 protein encoding genes BPIFB1 , BPIFB2 , BPIFB3, BPIFB4 , BPIFB6 and 2 pseudogenes BPIFB5P , BPIFB9P . What appears as pseudogenes in humans may appear as fully functional genes in other species.
BPIFB3 was first directly identified in a screen of rat olfactory epithelium as RYA3 [12] and was recognized to be a member of the BPI fold superfamily. [13] [11] In humans, it was formerly known as "Long palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 3" encoded by the LPLUNC3 gene. The BPIFB3 gene is found with other members of the BPIF gene family in a cluster on chromosome 20.
BPIFB3/RYA3 is highly expressed in olfactory epithelium and the tongue, [12] [13] within the cytoplasm of cells, and is thought to be similar to an odorant binding protein which presents odorant molecules to chemical odorant receptor molecules. [14]
Like other BPI-fold family members involved in defense from infection, BPIFB3 may be involved in responses to viral infections such as the enteroviruses coxsackievirus B and poliovirus in epithelial and endothelial tissue. [15] [16] Its cytoplasmic location appears to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and influences the replication of coxsackievirus B; when BPIFB3 is knocked out in experimental systems coxsackievirus B replication dramatically increases. It has been within observed in the ER to be physically associated with another family member, BPIFB6, and modulation of either of these two proteins can enhance or suppress enteroviral release from cells. [17]
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and was reported to contain over 59 million base pairs. Since then, due to sequencing improvements and fixes, the length of chromosome 20 has been updated to just over 66 million base pairs.
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene.
BPI fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1), also known as Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA1 gene. It was also formerly known as "Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts" (SPURT). The BPIFA1 gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts ; 3 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways and salivary glands; at high levels in oropharyneal epithelium, including tongue and tonsils; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including pituitary, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, pancreas, levels in the digestive tract and pancreas. The protein can be detected on the apical side of epithelial cells and in airway surface liquid, nasal mucus, and sputum.
Olfactory receptor 3A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 3A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 2M3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2M3 gene.
Olfactory receptor 13C3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR13C3 gene.
Olfactory receptor 13C8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR13C8 gene.
Olfactory receptor 13H1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR13H1 gene.
BPI fold-containing family B, member 2, (BPIFB2) also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB2 gene.
Odorant-binding protein 2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBP2A gene.
In molecular biology, the lipid-binding serum glycoproteins family, also known as the BPI/LBP/Plunc family or LBP/BPI/CETP family represents a family which includes mammalian lipid-binding serum glycoproteins and/or proteins containing a structural motif known as the BPI fold. Members of this family include:
BPI fold containing family A, member 3 (BPIFA3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA3 gene. The gene is also known as SPLUNC3 and C20orf71 in humans and the orthologous gene in mice is 1700058C13Rik. There are multiple variants of the BPIFA3 projected to be a secreted protein. It is very highly expressed in testis with little or no expression in other tissues. The Human Protein Atlas project and Mouse ENCODE Consortium report RNA-Seq expression at RPKM levels of 29.1 for human testis and 69.4 for mouse, but 0 for all other tissues. Similarly, the Bgee consortium, using multiple techniques in addition to RNA-Seq, reports a relative Expression Score of 95.8 out of 100 for testis and 99.0 for sperm in humans; however low levels of BPIFA3 between 20-30 were seen for a variety of tissues such as muscle, glands, prostate, nervous system, and skin.
BPI fold containing family B, member 4 (BPIFB4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB4 gene. It was formerly known as "Long palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 4" encoded by the LPLUNC4 gene. The BPIFB4 gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts ; 3 isoforms have been well characterized. In a variety of mammals, BPIFB4 is generally expressed in very high levels in the olfactory epithelium, high levels in the gonads and pituitary, moderate levels in white blood cells (monocytes) It can occur either localized in the cytoplasm of cells or secreted and circulated systemically in blood plasma.
BPI fold containing family B, member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB1 gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract and pancreas.
BPI fold containing family B, member 5 is a non-human protein encoded by the Bpifb5 gene, also known as Lplunc5. The BPIFB5 protein and Bpifb5 gene have been characterized in mammals such as rodents and even-toed ungulates but are apparently lacking in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The protein in rodents is expressed at moderately high levels in mucosa of the airways and at moderate levels in salivary glands, esophagus, and gonads ; in even-toed ungulates expression is high in testis, moderate in brain and striated muscle, and low in kidney.
BPI fold containing family B, member 6 (BPIFB6), also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 3 (BPIL3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB6 gene, also known as BPIL3 and LPLUNC6. It is expressed at high levels in hypertrophic tonsils, at relatively moderate levels in oronasal epithelium including nasal mucosa, tongue, and salivary gland, as well as esophageal mucosa at lesser levels. Orthologs are present in many vertebrate species including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Vomeromodulin is a non-human protein also known as BPI fold containing family B, member 9 (BPIFB9) in the rat encoded by the Bpifb9/RYF3 gene, and as BPI fold containing family B, member 9A (BPIFB9A) encoded by the Bpifb9a gene in the mouse. This protein has been characterized in mammals such as rodents, carnivores, even-toed ungulates, insectivores, bats, lagomorphs, and shrews but is apparently absent in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Its function is associated with detection of chemical odorant pheromone molecules.
BPI fold containing family A, member 2 (BPIFA2), also known as Parotid Secretory Protein (PSP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFA2 gene. The BPIFA2 gene sequence predicts multiple transcripts ; 2 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA2 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in the parotid (salivary) gland; at high levels in oropharyneal mucosa, including tongue; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including mammary gland, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, adrenal gland, kidney, and pancreas.
BPI fold containing family A, member 4 (BPIFA4) is a non-human protein encoded by the Bpifa4 gene in monkey and cow. It is also known as Latherin in horse, encoded by the Lath/Bpifa4 gene but somewhat divergent from the other species. Latherin/BPIFA4 is a secreted protein found in saliva and sweat.
