Banksia drummondii

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Drummond's dryandra
Banksia drummondii-2.JPG
Banksia drummondii subsp. drummondii
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. drummondii
Binomial name
Banksia drummondii
Synonyms [1]

Dryandra drummondiiMeisn.

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, [2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

Contents

Description

Banksia drummondii is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) but does not form a lignotuber. The stems are erect and the leaves pinnatifid to pinnatisect, 150–900 mm (5.9–35.4 in) long and 2.5–7.5 mm (0.098–0.295 in) wide on a petiole 50–150 mm (2.0–5.9 in) long. The leaves are covered with rust-coloured, woolly hairs at first and have between 10 and 22 triangular to oblong lobes on each side. The upper side is bluish green and the veins on the lower side are prominent. The flowers are arranged in groups of 60 to 100 on the ends of branches, the heads with rusty-hairy involucral bracts up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long at the base. The flowers have a pale yellow perianth 37–56 mm (1.5–2.2 in) long and a thick cream-coloured or red pistil 43–69 mm (1.7–2.7 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to June or from November to January and the fruit is a glabrous, egg-shaped to elliptical follicle 16–20 mm (0.63–0.79 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1848 by Carl Meissner who gave it the name Dryandra drummondii and published the description in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected near the Swan River Colony by James Drummond. [5] [6] The specific epithet (drummondii) honours the collector of the type specimens. [7]

In 1996, Alex George described three subspecies: [4]

In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all Dryandra species to Banksia and Dryandra drummondii was renamed Banksia drummondii. [8] [9]

The changed names of the subspecies are as follows and are accepted at the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Subspecies drummondii occurs in the Stirling Range, extending to South Stirling and Kendenup and Ongerup, growing in mallee-kwongan. Subspecies hiemalis grows in forest and woodland between New Norcia and Wickepin. Subspecies macrorufa is only known from near Nyabing where it grows in low kwongan.

Ecology

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change. [16]

Conservation status

Subspecies macrorufa is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife [11] meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations, [17] but the other two subspecies are classified as "not threatened". [11] [13]

Related Research Articles

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

Banksia brunnea is a species of low, bushy shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has dark green pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to seventy pink and brownish flowers and glabrous follicles in the fruiting head.

<i>Banksia carlinoides</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia

Banksia carlinoides, commonly known as the pink dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has narrow egg-shaped to wedge-shaped leaves with a few sharply pointed serrations and heads of up to one hundred creamy white flowers, often tinged pink.

Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia erythrocephala</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia erythrocephala is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has erect stems, sharply pointed pinnatifid leaves, cream-coloured and reddish black or all cream-coloured and yellow flowers, and egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nivea</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nivea, commonly known as honeypot dryandra, is a species of rounded shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as bulgalla. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, heads of cream-coloured and orange or red flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia obtusa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia obtusa, commonly known as shining honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes on each side, cream-coloured to yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy, surrounded by dark reddish bracts and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia undata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia.

Banksia undata, commonly known as urchin dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sessile, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of between 80 and 160, and later up to eight follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia pteridifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia stenoprion</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia stenoprion is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, pinnatisect leaves with triangular lobes, golden, mauve or purple flowers in heads of up to ninety, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia tenuis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia tenuis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia armata <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> armata</i> Variety of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia armata var. armata is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the other variety in having a lignotuber, narrower leaves with more side lobes and shorter flowers. It is also usually a shorter plant.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia drummondii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Banksia drummondii". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ↑ George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 307–309. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  4. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 367–368.
  5. ↑ "Dryandra drummondii". APNI. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  6. ↑ Meissner, Carl; Lehmann, Johann G.C. (ed.) (1848). Plantae Preissianae. Hamburg: Sumptibus Meissneri. pp. 267–268. Retrieved 22 April 2020.{{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  7. ↑ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 187. ISBN   9780958034180.
  8. ↑ "Banksia drummondii". APNI. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  9. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2013). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  10. ↑ "Banksia drummondii subsp. drummondii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 "Banksia drummondii". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ↑ "Banksia drummondii subsp. hiemalis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  13. 1 2 "Banksia drummondii". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  14. ↑ "Banksia drummondii subsp. macrorufa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  15. ↑ "Banksia drummondii". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gove, Aaron D.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (2008). "Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the Banksia (Proteaceae) of Western Australia". Global Change Biology. 14 (6): 1–16. Bibcode:2008GCBio..14.1337F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x.
  17. ↑ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
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