Banksia nivea

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Honeypot dryandra
Banksia nivea in kalamunda national park 2008.jpg
Banksia nivea in Kalamunda National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. nivea
Binomial name
Banksia nivea
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra nivea(Labill.) R.Br.
  • Dryandra nivea var. adscendens Endl. nom. illeg., nom. superfl.
  • Dryandra nivea var. venosa Meisn. nom. illeg., nom. superfl.
  • Josephia nivea(Labill.) Kuntze isonym
  • Josephia rachidifolia Knight nom. illeg.
Foliage in Kings Park Banksia nivea leaves closeup.jpg
Foliage in Kings Park
Near Lesmurdie Falls National Park Banksia nivea 01 gnangarra.JPG
Near Lesmurdie Falls National Park

Banksia nivea, commonly known as honeypot dryandra, [2] is a species of rounded shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as bulgalla. [3] It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, heads of cream-coloured and orange or red flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Contents

Description

Banksia nivea is a rounded, much-branched shrub that typically grows to 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) high and wide but does not form a lignotuber. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves that are 200–450 mm (7.9–17.7 in) long and 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) wide on a petiole 10–60 mm (0.39–2.36 in) long. There are between 45 and 85 triangular lobes on each side of the leaves. Between seventy and ninety cream-coloured and orange or red flowers are borne in head on the ends of branches with oblong to egg-shaped involucral bracts 18–22 mm (0.71–0.87 in) long at the base of the head. The perianth is 25–38 mm (0.98–1.50 in) long and the pistil 32–45 mm (1.3–1.8 in) long. Flowering occurs in April or from July to November and the follicles are egg-shaped, 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in) long and almost glabrous. [2] [4] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

Banksia nivea was first collected by Jacques Labillardière in the vicinity of Esperance Bay between 15 and 17 December 1792, during a search for the naturalist Claude Riche, who had become lost on the Australian mainland. [6] Labillardière formally described and figured the species in Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse, his account of the voyage published in 1800. [7] [8] [9]

In 1810 Robert Brown transferred it into a new genus, Dryandra as D. nivea. [10] [11]

In 1996, Alex George described two subspecies of Dryandra nivea:

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all Dryandra species into Banksia, reinstating Labillardière's Banksia nivea and renaming the two subspecies B. niveaLabill. subsp. nivea [14] and B. nivea(A.S.George) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele subsp. uliginosa, [15] the names accepted by the Australian Plant Census. A third subspecies (B. nivea subsp. Morangup (M.Pieroni 9/42) WA Herbarium) has been named but not yet formally described. [16]

Distribution and habitat

Honeypot dryandra is widespread between Lake Indoon (near Eneabba), Ongerup and Israelite Bay. [2] [5] Subspecies nivea grows in woodland and kwongan [5] [17] Subspecies uliginosa has a narrow distribution from east of Busselton and on the Scott River plain where it grows in thick scrub. [5] [18]

Ecology

Species of nectarivorous birds that have been observed feeding on B. nivea include Acanthorhynchus superciliosus (western spinebill). Black cockatoos have also been recorded feeding upon the seed, though it is not clear which species of black cockatoo was observed, Calyptorhynchus baudinii (Baudin's black cockatoo) or C. latirostris (Carnaby's black cockatoo). [19]

Conservation status

Subspecies nivea is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, [2] but subsp. uliginosa is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Dryandra</i> Series of Banksia species in the plant family Proteaceae

Banksia ser. Dryandra is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It was considered a separate genus named Dryandra until early 2007, when it was merged into Banksia on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that Banksia was paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra.

<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bipinnatifida is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with a lignotuber, an underground stem, only a few divided leaves, large cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers and large fruit.

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia drummondii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

<i>Banksia falcata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia falcata, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of prickly, column-shaped shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has serrated or pinnatipartite leaves, heads of up to 150 yellow flowers and soft-hairy fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia formosa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia formosa, commonly known as showy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty triangular lobes on each side, up to more than two hundred, conspicuous golden orange flowers and up to sixteen egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nana</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nana, commonly known as dwarf dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pale green or yellow flowers and broadly egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia pseudoplumosa, commonly known as false plumed-banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed triangular lobes on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred, and densely woolly-hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia pteridifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia squarrosa</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as pingle, is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves with up to ten sharply-pointed teeth on each side, yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and later, up to seven oblong to egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia subpinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia subpinnatifida is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has more or less linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, golden yellow flowers in heads of about sixty, and glabrous, elliptical follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia nivea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Banksia nivea". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  4. George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 349. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 398–400. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  6. Duyker, Edward (2003). Citizen Labillardière: A naturalist's life in revolution and exploration. Carlton: Miegunyah Press. ISBN   0-522-85160-6.
  7. "Banksia nivea". APNI. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  8. Labillardière, Jacques (1800). Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse (Volume 1). Paris: H.J. Jansen. p. 413. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  9. Labillardière, Jacques (1800). Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse (Atlas). Paris: H.J. Jansen. p. 24. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  10. "Dryandra nivea". APNI. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  11. Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Oriteaceae if Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 214. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  12. "Dryandra nivea subsp. nivea". APNI. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  13. "Dryandra nivea subsp. uliginosa". APNI. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  14. "Banksia nivea subsp. nivea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  15. "Banksia nivea subsp. uliginosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  16. "Banksia nivea subsp. 'Morangup' (M.Pieroni 9/42) WA Herbarium". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  17. "Banksia nivea subsp. nivea". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  18. 1 2 "Banksia nivea subsp. uliginosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  19. Barker, R. D.; Vestjens, W. J. M. (1984). The Food of Australian Birds. Melbourne University Press. pp. 1:331, 2:238, 458. ISBN   0-643-05006-X.