Banksia occidentalis

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Red swamp banksia
Banksia occidentalis.jpg
Banksia occidentalis in the ANBG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Species:
B. occidentalis
Binomial name
Banksia occidentalis
Synonyms [1]
  • Banksia occidentalis subsp. formosa Hopper
  • Banksia occidentalisR.Br. subsp. occidentalis
  • Sirmuellera occidentalis(R.Br.) Kuntze
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine Botanical Magazine 3535 (pl).jpeg
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Banksia occidentalis, commonly known as the red swamp banksia, [3] is a species of shrub or small tree that is endemic to the south coast of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, linear, sparsely serrated leaves, golden flowers in a cylindrical spike, and later up to sixty follicles in each spike.

Contents

Description

Banksia occidentalis is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 1–7 m (3 ft 3 in – 23 ft 0 in) and has smooth bark but does not form a lignotuber. The leaves are linear, sparsely serrated, whorled, 40–130 mm (1.6–5.1 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide on a petiole 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long. The flowers are arranged in a cylindrical spike 40–140 mm (1.6–5.5 in) long and 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in) wide at flowering. The flowers are gold-coloured with red styles, the perianth 17–18 mm (0.67–0.71 in) long and the pistil 29–35 mm (1.1–1.4 in) long and hooked. Flowering occurs from April to May or from August to November or January and the follicles are elliptical, 1–18 mm (0.039–0.709 in) long, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) high and 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) wide. Up to sixty follicles form in each spike, the old flowers having fallen. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Banksia occidentalis was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [7] [8] The specific epithet (occidentalis) is a Latin word meaning "western", referring to the distribution of this species relative to the related B. spinulosa . [5] [9] George placed this species in section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae.

Distribution and habitat

Red swamp banksia occurs along the south coast of Western Australia between Augusta and Cape Arid National Park where it grows in shrubland or woodland, usually on the edges of swamps but sometimes also on coastal dunes. [3] [5] [6]

Ecology

A 1980 field study at Cheyne beach showed it to be pollinated by the New Holland honeyeater and white-cheeked honeyeater. [10]

Conservation status

This banksia is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [3]

Use in horticulture

Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 21 to 47 days to germinate. [11] The species was observed to be in cultivation in England in the gardens of Chiswick House in 1834. [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia ashbyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia ashbyi, commonly known as Ashby's banksia, is a species of shrub or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, grey bark, deeply serrated, hairy leaves and spikes of bright orange flowers.

<i>Banksia baxteri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia baxteri, commonly known as Baxter's banksia or bird's nest banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has greyish brown bark, hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves with triangular lobes and lemon-yellow flowers in an oval flower spike that grows on the end of branches.

<i>Banksia benthamiana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia benthamiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has hairy, linear leaves, usually with scattered small teeth along the edges, and spikes of orange flowers.

<i>Banksia burdettii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia burdettii, commonly known as Burdett's banksia, is a species of shrub or tree of the genus Banksia in the family Proteaceae. It occurs on sandplain country north of Gingin, Western Australia. Growing to 4 m (13 ft) in height, it has long serrated leaves and large, bright flower spikes, initially white before opening to a bright orange, that appear mainly in late summer. Edmund Gilbert Baker described B. burdettii in 1934, naming it after its collector, W. Burdett.

<i>Banksia candolleana</i> Species of shrub in thefamily Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia candolleana, commonly known as the propeller banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has shiny green, deeply serrated leaves with triangular lobes and spikes of golden yellow flowers on short side branches.

<i>Banksia conferta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to eastern Australia

Banksia conferta, commonly known as the glasshouse banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, bark on the trunk, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves arranged in whorls, crowded yellow flowers in a cylindrical spike later forming a relatively large number of follicles.

<i>Banksia gardneri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia gardneri, commonly known as prostrate banksia, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatipartite or serrated leaves, usually rusty brown flowers, and up to twenty-five elliptical follicles in each fruiting head. It occurs along the west part of the south coast of the state.

<i>Banksia lanata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia lanata is a species of shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It has linear leaves, pale cream-coloured flowers in a head with whitish bracts at the base and later up to fifty elliptical follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia laricina</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to southwestern Western Australia

Banksia laricina, commonly known as the rose banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It has crowded, linear leaves with a short point on the tip, golden brown flowers with a bright yellow style and prominent egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia littoralis</i> Species of tree in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia littoralis, commonly known as the swamp banksia, swamp oak, river banksia or seaside banksia and the western swamp banksia, is a species of tree that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as pungura, boongura or gwangia. It has rough, crumbly bark, linear, more or less serrated leaves arranged in whorls, yellow flowers and up to two hundred follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia oreophila</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia oreophila, commonly known as the western mountain banksia or mountain banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has glabrous stems, wedge-shaped or narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, cylindrical spikes of pale pink to mauve flowers and later, up to twenty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers. It occurs on slopes and hilltops in the Stirling and Barren Ranges.

<i>Banksia ornata</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to South Australia and Victoria

Banksia ornata, commonly known as desert banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. The Ngarrindjeri people of the Lower Murray region in South Australia know it as yelakut. It has thin bark, serrated, narrow egg-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base, cream-coloured flowers in a cylindrical spike, and later, up to fifty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers.

<i>Banksia pilostylis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pilostylis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has hard, fissured bark, narrow wedge-shaped, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in cylindrical spikes and elliptical follicles that open when heated in a bushfire.

<i>Banksia pulchella</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia pulchella, commonly known as teasel banksia, is a species of small shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth grey bark, linear leaves and golden-brown flowers in short, cylindrical heads and inconspicuous follicles.

<i>Banksia quercifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from the south coast of Western Australia

Banksia quercifolia, commonly known as the oak-leaved banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwestern coast of Western Australia. It has smooth, greenish bark, wavy, wedge-shaped, serrated leaves, yellow, orange or brown flowers in cylindrical spikes, followed by broadly linear follicles surrounded by the remains of the flowers.

<i>Banksia verticillata</i> A shrub of southwest Western Australia

Banksia verticillata, commonly known as granite banksia or Albany banksia, is a species of shrub or (rarely) tree of the genus Banksia in the family Proteaceae. It is native to the southwest of Western Australia and can reach up to 3 m (10 ft) in height. It can grow taller to 5 m (16 ft) in sheltered areas, and much smaller in more exposed areas. This species has elliptic green leaves and large, bright golden yellow inflorescences or flower spikes, appearing in summer and autumn. The New Holland honeyeater is the most prominent pollinator, although several other species of honeyeater, as well as bees, visit the flower spikes.

<i>Banksia audax</i> Species of shrub in the family Proreaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia audax is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has fissured, grey bark, woolly stems, hairy, serrated leaves and golden orange flower spikes.

<i>Banksia micrantha</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia micrantha is a species of small shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading bush with sharply-pointed linear leaves, pale yellow flower spikes and up to twenty-five follicles surrounded by the remains of the flowers. It was first formally described by Alex George in 1981.

<i>Banksia penicillata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Banksia penicillata is a species of shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It has smooth bark, serrated, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves, green to bluish flower buds, later yellow flowers in a cylindrical spike, and later still, up to one hundred narrow elliptical follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers.

<i>Banksia arborea</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia arborea, commonly known as Yilgarn dryandra, is a species of tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has serrated, sharply pointed leaves, and yellow flowers and is found inland north of Southern Cross.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia occientalis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  2. ↑ Hooker, William Jackson; Curtis, Samuel (ed.) (1836). "Banksia occidentalis". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 63: 3535. Retrieved 19 May 2020.{{cite journal}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Banksia occidentalis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. ↑ George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 234–235. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 George, Alex S. (1996). The Banksia Book (3rd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. pp. 188–189. ISBN   0-86417-818-2.
  6. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1981). "The Genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 404–406. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  7. ↑ "Banksia occidentalis". APNI. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  8. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 204. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  9. ↑ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 263. ISBN   9780958034180.
  10. ↑ Hopper, Stephen D. (1980). "Bird and Mammal Pollen Vectors in Banksia Communities at Cheyne Beach, Western Australia". Australian Journal of Botany. 28 (1): 61–75. doi:10.1071/BT9800061.
  11. ↑ Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David (2006). Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology . CSIRO Publishing. p.  203. ISBN   0-643-09298-6.
  12. ↑ J.M. (1835). "Arboretum Britannicum, Nos III. IV. By S.C. Loudon (Review)". The Gentleman's Magazine . Printed by F. Jefferies. 157: 635–637. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
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