Banksia pteridifolia

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Tangled honeypot
Banksia pteridifolia subsp vernalis open.jpg
Open flowers of Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. pteridifolia
Binomial name
Banksia pteridifolia
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra pteridifoliaR.Br.
  • Dryandra pteridifolia var. blechnifolia Hereman nom. inval., nom. nud.
  • Dryandra sp. 'Fitzgerald (M.A.Burgman s.n.)
  • Josephia pteridifolia(R.Br.) Poir.
Young inflorescence (subsp. vernalis) Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis.jpg
Young inflorescence (subsp. vernalis)
Habit (subsp. pteridifolia) Banksia pteridifolia habit.jpg
Habit (subsp. pteridifolia)

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, [2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

Contents

Description

Banksia pteridifolia is a shrub that typically grows to about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, with short underground stems and a lignotuber. It has deeply pinnatipartite leaves that are 170–500 mm (6.7–19.7 in) long and 50–120 mm (2.0–4.7 in) wide on a petiole 30–60 mm (1.2–2.4 in) long. There are between twenty and thirty-four sharply-pointed, linear lobes 1.5–5 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide on each side of the leaves. Between ninety and one hundred creamy white, yellow or pinkish flowers are arranged in heads on the end of the stems, the heads surrounded by leaves. There are broadly egg-shaped, involucral bracts up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long and covered with rust-coloured, woolly hairs at the base of each head. The perianth is 36–39 mm (1.4–1.5 in) long and the pistil 38–53 mm (1.5–2.1 in) long. Flowering occurs from March to May or from September to October. Up to five egg-shaped follicles 17–18 mm (0.67–0.71 in) long form in each head. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy

Scottish botanist Robert Brown described the tangled honeypot as Dryandra pteridifolia in 1810, after collecting it in January 1802 from Lucky Bay on Western Australia's south coast. The description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [5] [6]

In 1996, Alex George described two subspecies, subsp. pteridifolia and subsp. vernalis in the journal Nuytsia [7] and in a later volume of the same journal, George described subspecies inretita. [8]

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all dryandras to the genus Banksia and renamed this species Banksia pteridifolia and the subspecies pteridifolia, vernalis and inretita respectively. [9] [10] The names of the subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census. [11] [12] [13]

Banksia pteridifolia subsp. inretita differs from the other two in having the flower heads surrounded by short leaves with thread-like lobes. The other two subspecies do not have short leaves around the heads. Banksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia has twisted leaf lobes, and flowers in autumn whereas B. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis has leaf lobes that are only slightly twisted, if at all, and flowers in spring. [8]

Distribution and habitat

All three subspecies of B. pteridifolia grow in kwongan. Subspecies inretita occurs between Lake Grace and Lake King. Subspecies pteridifolia is found between the Gairdner River, Cape Le Grand National Park and Newdegate and subsp. vernalis between Eneabba, the Moore River and Perth. [4] [8]

Conservation status

Subspecies pteridifolia is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife [2] but subsp. inretita is listed as "Priority Two" [14] meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations and subsp. vernalis as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat. [15] [16]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bipinnatifida is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with a lignotuber, an underground stem, only a few divided leaves, large cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers and large fruit.

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

<i>Banksia drummondii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

Banksia lepidorhiza is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatipartite leaves with sharply pointed lobes, pink, cream-coloured and yellow flowers in head of about thirty and egg-shaped follicles. It is only known from near Woodanilling.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia meganotia is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatiparite leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, yellow flowers in heads of about forty and relatively small follicles.

<i>Banksia nivea</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nivea, commonly known as honeypot dryandra, is a species of rounded shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as bulgalla. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, heads of cream-coloured and orange or red flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia octotriginta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia octotriginta is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has erect stems with bluish-green, deeply pinnatipartite leaves, heads of up to eighty or more golden-yellow flowers and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia platycarpa is a species of small shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear pinnatipartite leaves, with up to twenty-five sharply pointed lobes on each side, creamy-yellow to orange flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia porrecta is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has hairy, underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty narrow triangular lobes on each side, yellow flowers in heads of between twenty and thirty, and one or two egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia squarrosa</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as pingle, is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves with up to ten sharply-pointed teeth on each side, yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and later, up to seven oblong to egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia subpinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia subpinnatifida is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has more or less linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, golden yellow flowers in heads of about sixty, and glabrous, elliptical follicles.

Dryandra ser. Aphragma Obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra

Dryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra. It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series. It was discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia pteridifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 "Banksia pteridifolia". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. Cavanagh, Tony; Pieroni, Margaret (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. pp. 189–193. ISBN   1-876473-54-1.
  4. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 311. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  5. "Dryandra pteridifolia". APNI. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  6. Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 215. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  7. George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 371. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 George, Alex (2005). "Further new taxa in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteadeae: Grevilleoideae)" (PDF). Nuytsia. 15 (3): 345. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  9. Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  10. "Banksia pteridifolia". APNI. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  11. "Banksia pteridifolia subsp. inretita". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  12. "Banksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  13. "Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  14. "Banksia pteridifolia subsp. inretita". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  15. "Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 May 2020.