Banksia vestita

Last updated

Summer dryandra
Dryandra sp 2 Charles Gardner NR.jpg
At Charles Gardner Nature Reserve
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. vestita
Binomial name
Banksia vestita
Banksia vestita map.png
Distribution of B. vestita, shown on a map of Western Australia's biogeographic regions. [2]
Synonyms [1]

Banksia vestita, commonly known as summer dryandra, [2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid leaves with sharply pointed teeth on both sides, yellow flowers in heads of between thirty and forty, and broadly egg-shaped follicles.

Contents

Description

Banksia vestita is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) high and forms a lignotuber. It has hairy stems and broadly linear leaves that are 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) long and 7–13 mm (0.28–0.51 in) wide on a petiole 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long. There are between four and twelve sharply-pointed, triangular teeth on each side of the leaves. The flowers are golden yellow, and occur in a dome-shaped inflorescence up to 35 mm (1.4 in) across, typically containing thirty to forty flowers, with hairy, linear, tapering involucral bracts up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long at the base of the head. The perianth is 27–32 mm (1.1–1.3 in) long and the pistil 26–31 mm (1.0–1.2 in) long. Flowering occurs from January to April or in August and the fruit is a broadly egg-shaped follicle 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) long. [3] [2] [4]

Taxonomy

The species was first collected by James Drummond in the 1840s, from a location described simply as "south-western W.A.". Richard Kippist subsequently named and formally described the species, and Kippist's description of Dryandra vestita was published in 1855 by Carl Meissner in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany . It was given the specific name "vestita" from the Latin vestitus ("clothed"), in reference to the hairy bracts that cover the lower parts of new shoots. [4] [5] [6]

Otto Kuntze transferred Dryandra to Josephia in 1890, republishing D. vestita as Josephia vestita (Kippist ex Meisn.) Kuntze, but his changes were not accepted by the wider scientific community. [7] In 1999, Alex George placed the species in Dryandra subgenus Dryandra, series Gymnocephalae. [3]

Early in 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all Dryandra taxa to Banksia , giving this species the name Banksia vestita. As an interim measure, Mast and Thiele placed all but one Dryandra taxon in Banksia ser. Dryandra. [8]

Distribution and habitat

Banksia vestita grows in sand over laterite, amongst heath dominated by species of Proteaceae and Myrtaceae. It occurs from Eneabba in the north to Lake Grace in the south, [4] thus ranging the Geraldton Sandplains, Swan Coastal Plain, Jarrah Forest, Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee biogeographic regions. [2] This areas has annual average rainfall ranging from 350 to 600 millimetres (14 to 24 in), and between 66 and 116 days above 30 °C (86 °F). In southern parts of its distribution, the mean temperature range is 10.2 to 23.3 °C (50.4 to 73.9 °F); further north it is somewhat warmer, with a mean temperature range of 13.5 to 27.2 °C (56.3 to 81.0 °F). [4]

Ecology

Like most other Proteaceae, B. vestita has proteoid roots, roots with dense clusters of short lateral rootlets that form a mat in the soil just below the leaf litter. These enhance solubilisation of nutrients, thus allowing nutrient uptake in low-nutrient soils such as the phosphorus-deficient native soils of Australia. It has a lignotuber, so it is able to resprout from below the ground following a bushfire; bushfire also triggers the release of its seed, an adaptation known as serotiny. [4]

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 30% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change. [9]

Conservation status

Summer dryandra is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [2]

Use in horticulture

Banksia vestita is not often cultivated, as it is not considered a particularly attractive plant. In cultivation it grows slowly, but is long-lived; specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne are still healthy and flowering at twenty years of age. It takes from six to seven weeks to germinate, with a germination success rate of around 70%. It requires a very well drained sandy soil in full sun. It tolerates drought well, is moderately frost-tolerant, and takes pruning well. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia caleyi</i> Australian species of shrub, the red lantern banksia

Banksia caleyi, commonly known as Caley's banksia or red lantern banksia, is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia. It generally grows as a dense shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, has serrated leaves and red, pendent (hanging) inflorescences which are generally hidden in the foliage. First described by Scottish naturalist Robert Brown in 1830, Banksia caleyi was named in honour of the English botanist George Caley. No subspecies are recognised. It is one of three or four related species with hanging inflorescences, which is an unusual feature within the genus.

<i>Banksia victoriae</i> Species of shrub or tree in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia victoriae, commonly known as Woolly Orange Banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It occurs in Western Australia between Northampton, Western Australia and Kalbarri, with the occasional plant further north as far as Zuytdorp Nature Reserve.

<i>Banksia violacea</i> Species of plant

Banksia violacea, commonly known as violet banksia, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus Banksia. It generally grows as a small shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) high with fine narrow leaves, and is best known for its unusually coloured dark purple-violet inflorescences. The colour of the inflorescences, short leaves, and flattened follicles which are sticky when young, help identify this species from others in the field. It is found in low shrubland in southern regions of Western Australia from Esperance in the east to Narrogin in the west, growing exclusively in sandy soils.

<i>Banksia cirsioides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteacea endemic to Western Australia

Banksia cirsioides is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatisect leaves with between six and ten lobes on each side and hairy heads of yellow and pink flowers.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia formosa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia formosa, commonly known as showy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty triangular lobes on each side, up to more than two hundred, conspicuous golden orange flowers and up to sixteen egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia fraseri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia fraseri is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatisect leaves with between four and eighteen sharply-pointed lobes on each side, between eighty and one hundred pink to cream-coloured flowers and wege-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia nana</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nana, commonly known as dwarf dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pale green or yellow flowers and broadly egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nobilis</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nobilis, commonly known as the golden dryandra, great dryandra or kerosene bush, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae which is endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes, and a golden or reddish pink inflorescence, it is a popular garden plant. It was known as Dryandra nobilis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. There are two subspecies, B. nobilis subsp. nobilis and B. nobilis subsp. fragrans.

Banksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.

<i>Banksia proteoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia proteoides, commonly known as king dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.

<i>Banksia bella</i> Species of shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bella, commonly known as the Wongan dryandra, is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It has narrow, deeply serrated leaves covered with white hairs on the lower surface, heads of yellow flowers and few follicles in the fruiting head.

<i>Banksia sclerophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia sclerophylla is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has spreading stems, linear, pinnatipid leaves with triangular lobes on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of between forty and seventy, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia shuttleworthiana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as bearded dryandra, is a species of low, spreading shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin, woolly-hairy stems, linear pinnatisect leaves, creamy brown to purplish flowers in heads of about forty and later, only a few egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia stuposa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia stuposa is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow and white flowers in heads of one hundred or more, and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia tortifolia is a small, spreading, prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side, greenish-cream, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about eighty, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia tridentata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia tridentata, commonly known as yellow honeypot, is a low-growing shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has narrow egg-shaped leaves with a sharp point on the tip, greenish yellow flowers in heads of between 85 and 125, and elliptical to egg-shaped follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia vestita". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Banksia vestita". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 332. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cavanagh, Tony; Pieroni, Margaret (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. ISBN   1-876473-54-1.
  5. ↑ "Dryandra vestita". APNI. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  6. ↑ Meissner, Carl; Hooker, William J. (1855). "New Proteaceae of Australia". Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. 7: 121. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  7. ↑ "Josephia vestita". APNI. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  8. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20: 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  9. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gove, Aaron D.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (2008). "Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the Banksia (Proteaceae) of Western Australia". Global Change Biology. 14 (6): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.