Barbara Bullock

Last updated

Barbara J. Bullock (Nov. 4, 1938) is an African American painter, collagist, printmaker, soft sculptor and arts instructor. Her works capture African motifs, African and African American culture, spirits, dancing and jazz in abstract and figural forms. She creates three-dimensional collages, portraits, altars and masks in vibrant colors, patterns and shapes. Bullock produces artworks in series with a common theme and style.

Contents

Barbara J. Bullock
Born1938 (1938)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Known forPainting
Movementabstract
AwardsLeeway Award, Pew Fellowship in the Arts

Early life and education

Bullock was born in Philadelphia on Nov. 24, 1938, [1] after her father James Bullock moved his family from North Carolina to Philadelphia in the 1930s. They were part of the Great Migration of Black people to the North in search of better opportunities. Her mother Janie McFarland Bullock [2] looked for work at the local armory and her father was a truck driver. [3] The couple separated and Bullock's mother died when she was 12 years old. She, her brother Jack and sister Delores moved in with her father and stepmother Gertrude, who became her second mother. Both of Bullock's paternal grandparents, Rev. Oscar and Mattie Bullock, [2] who visited often from North Carolina, were storytellers, and she grew up listening to their tales. [4] [5] [6] (She would later create an abstract painting titled “Stories My Grandmother Told Me” in 2012.) [7] [8]

Bullock always felt a need to make things and was always in her parents’ basement doing that, she told artist Najee Dorsey in a 2017 interview. “I’ve always been creative. When I was growing up, I needed a language. I realized early on that art was going to be that language,” she told interviewers for a 2015 exhibit of Black artists at the Woodmere Art Museum in Philadelphia. [9] [10]

Bullock also took dancing lessons. She was asked to leave a dance class when she showed up one day with a stray dog and refused to remove it. She quit the class but never gave up on the concept. She participated in the School Art League, an arts program in the public schools. She attended Saturday-morning classes at the Philadelphia Museum School of Art School (now the University of the Arts) and participated in programs at community centers. [4] [10] [11] [12] [13] She became interested in Africa after learning about it in National Geographic magazine and wanted to understand her connection to it. [14] [15]

She attended Roosevelt Junior High School and graduated from Germantown High School in 1958. She was headed to Moore Institute (now Moore College of Art and Design) to study fashion illustration. [16] For three years, she took Saturday-morning painting and drawing classes at the Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial in Philadelphia. [5] [15] [12] [17] In 1963, she began taking night classes at Hussian School of Art, which taught commercial art classes. She remained at Hussian until 1966. [5] [4]

Career

Portraits

Bullock initially painted portraits of famous Americans, friends, and family members. Most of her early works were watercolors. She sought to show the humanity of Black people, she told an interviewer in 1966, but finally decided to paint what she felt. [5] [15] [13]

In the 1960s, she became acquainted with other African American artists in Philadelphia. Several had attended or were attending the prestigious Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA): Charles Pridgen, Cranston Walker, Richard Watson. Pridgen, Walter Edmonds and sculptor John Simpson were among those who had their own studios. She hung out with Joe Bailey, Moe Brooker, James Brantley, Charles Searles and Ellen Powell Tiberino to talk about their craft, the lack of exhibition opportunities and other issues. The seasoned artists offered advice and critiques of her work. [18] [5] [4]

Bullock, Tiberino, Reba Dickerson Hill, and Fern Stanford were among the few working Black female artists at the time. Noting that many male artists were supported by their wives and married females were not readily accepted, Bullock decided not to get married. “I married my art,” she stated in the catalog for the Swarthmore College exhibit “Ubiquitous Presence” in 2022. [5] [18]

In 1971, Bullock was named art director of the Ile Ife Black Humanitarian Center, now the Village of Arts and Humanities, founded by dancer and choreographer Arthur Hall, where she stayed until 1975. She taught art techniques to children and young adults. [19] [20] [10] [5] [21] Hall incorporated Yoruba culture, philosophy and spirit entities into the core of the center, which attracted artists, dancers and musicians from all over the world. Funded by the Model Cities Program, the center offered arts, African-inspired dance and music. Bullock met musicians Odean Pope and Max Roach, who also taught there. [5] [10] [4]

Bullock embraced Hall's African sensibility and absorbed it into her own art. Her outlook changed, expanding beyond the teachings of her Catholic upbringing to accept the possibility of a world of spirits that allowed her to connect with her African roots. [5] She took dance lessons from Hall, and she painted the dancers - images that found a permanent place in her works. “I want to express the ritual through dance, the communion of the body and spirit through movement,” she said in an artist statement for her retrospective at the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in 1988. [21] [5] [10]

She taught alongside Charles Pridgen, John Simpson, Charles Searles and Twins Seven Seven, a Nigerian who was the only survivor of seven sets of twins, who had settled in Philadelphia. In his works, Twins Seven Seven connected animals and spirits. Artist Moe Brooker noted that Bullock was among those artists who fed off their African heritage but kept it at a distance as they created their own unique styles. [5] [10]

Twins Seven Seven's influence can be seen in many of Bullock's paintings, including the series “Stilt Dancers,” 1975. [21] She described her artwork as “chasing after spirits.” [22] At one point, Bullock painted an image of an African spirit in a mural on the side of a building, which eventually collapsed. The mural and images – one was of Hall – were recreated by artist Lily Yeh in 2018 on another wall. [23] [24]

Bullock's spirit-based abstract works were dominated by vibrant colors, patterns, rhythmic movement and a cacophony of shapes. [21] She chose black as a predominant color, she said, because she wanted to replace its negative symbolism with power and strength. [5] Her materials included layers of painted paper, fabric, plant fibers, beads, metals, shells, feathers and other small materials. Some of her dancer and animal figures extended outward from the walls when hung. [21] [25] She worked in acrylic and gouache on paper, pen and ink, textured sculptures, figural collages - which she called “shaped paintings”- and three-dimensional wall collages made of heavy paper. [18] [5] [21]

In 1980, she began making altars while researching African culture. She placed them in her home and did not finish, sell or trade them. Made of hand-dyed cloth, raffia, shells, beads, rocks and other objects, they were meant to protect her, she told an interviewer in 1999. [5] [26]

While at Ile Ife, she visited Haiti to learn about its religious practices. She also visited Jamaica and Mexico. [10] With the aid of grants over several decades, Bullock traveled to Ethiopia, Egypt, Mali, Morocco, Senegal, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. [18] [10] [5] [27] She incorporated into her collages the images she saw and the techniques she observed on her visits to Africa: the land, the black night sky, textiles and masks, and observed ceremonies and other events. [5] “I felt very close to that culture,” she said in a 1983 interview. “In reality, I come from that culture. It’s like getting in touch with yourself.” [14]

Bullock produced series made up of multiple works that, she said, allowed her to fully explore a theme. “Jasmine Gardens,” 1976, included one painting and 300 drawings. “Stilt Walkers” was the first series. The others included “Initiation,” “Night Songs,” “Healers,” “Journey,” “Spirit Houses,” “Chasing After Spirits,” and “Bitches Brew.” [10] [21] [18] Some of her works reflected her feelings toward contemporary issues affecting Black people: “Trayvon Martin, Most Precious Blood,” a teen who was killed by a white Neighborhood Watch volunteer in Florida in 2012, “Katrina," the devastating floods left by that hurricane in New Orleans in 2005, and a portrait of George Floyd, who was killed by a white police officer in Minneapolis, MN, in 2020. [4]

She started researching the series “Jasmine Gardens” during the waning days of Ile Ife, she told an interviewer for an exhibit at the Portland Art Museum in 2017. A painting in the series, “Dark Gods,” which showed two thick Black characters intertwined in each other's grasp, evoked controversy because of its erotic nature. The series was inspired by the naturalism she found in Japanese eroticism and the people's openness about love, she said. Although the figures were male and female, some thought they were males. Bullock chose her artist-friend Deryl Mackie as the male model. [10] [28]

Bullock participated in printmaking programs, including the Experimental Printmaking Institute at Lafayette College. In 2017, PAFA held an exhibit titled “A Collaborative Language” of artists who made prints at the institute, and she was included. In 2008, she was also represented in a show at the Hammonds House Museum in Atlanta of works from the program. The institute donated Bullock's print “Seeing is Believing (2011)” to Woodmere Art Museum. [4] [29] [30] [31]

Academia

Over four decades, Bullock taught art classes in schools, colleges, community centers and for nonprofits. [5] She completed more than 200 artist-in-residences in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. [10] [14] [32] [22] [12] She conducted mask-making and art classes at local art centers and museums. [33] [20] [34] She trained teachers on integrating art in their school-district curriculums and led classes for inmates in prisons. [32] [14] [10] [22] [5]

In 1978, she was among 18 artists chosen to participate in a Works Progress Administration-style program to employ artists and offer art access to communities. It was conducted under the auspices of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act and administered by the printmaking Brandywine Workshop. She and the other artists, including Roland Ayers, Bob Thompson, and Cranston Walker, worked at community agencies, community centers and detention centers. Bullock taught classes at Nicetown Boys and Girls Club. [10] [35] [36]

As an artist-in residence, she spent time with elementary and high schools students in several districts, including Shippensburg and York in Pennsylvania, and Sussex in Delaware (where she taught students to paint murals). [14] [10] [32] [37] [38] In Philadelphia, she worked at Prints in Progress, an afterschool printmaking workshop. [39] [5] [15] In New Jersey, she taught art classes from Cape May on the coast to Camden inland. She taught at Arts Horizon where she held classes for students in the Camden (NJ) schools and trained schoolteachers on Rutgers University’s Camden campus. She began making fans while teaching there. [5] [18] [10] [4] [12]

In a five-month residency at the African American Museum in Philadelphia in 1999, she produced a series titled “Journey Series #4, Ethiopia.” It is now part of the museum's collection. [40] She also held a residency at Perkins Center for the Arts in New Jersey. [4] [31]

Notable exhibitions

Bullock exhibited periodically in group shows in the 1960s with other Black artists. It was hard to find white galleries to show their works, she said, noting that Charles Pridgen, Earl Wilke, Leroy Johnson and Joe Bailey were more aggressive at finding venues at galleries, community centers and churches. Black artists also exhibited in private homes. They were members of the National Conference of Artists, and several exhibited at PAFA in an ancillary show during the conference's 1986 meeting in Philadelphia. [18] [10] [12] [41]

In 1966, Bullock joined John Simpson, Walter Edmonds and Percy Ricks in an exhibit titled “Four Negro Artists” at the Philadelphia Gallery. She showed five works, including a portrait titled “The Staple Singers,” along with “Strange Spring” “Mother and Child,” “Father and Child” and “A Dancer’s World.”  [18] [13] [42]

The same year she was in an exhibit of works by young Black artists at the William Penn Memorial Museum in Harrisburg. The artists included Moe Brooker, Walter Edmonds, Ellen Powell Tiberino, Leroy Johnson, Charles Pridgen, Percy Ricks, Walter Gill, John Simpson, Maurice Thompkins, Gwendolyn Joyce Daniels, and Tina Lloyd King. [43] Bullock participated in a benefit show at a lawn party for SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) in 1975. Others included Pridgen, Simpson and Robert Moore. [44]

In 1969, she was among 200 Black artists in a premier show sponsored by the Philadelphia School District and the Pennsylvania Civic Center Museum. The show featured some of the top names in the country, including Ellen Powell Tiberino, Horace Pippin, Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, Jacob Lawrence, Benny Andrews, Columbus Knox, Roland Ayers, Romare Bearden, Avel de Knight, Barkley Hendricks, Paul Keene, Raymond Saunders, Louis B. Sloan, Ed Wilson, Henry Ossawa Tanner and Joshua Johnson. [45]

Earlier that year, she was represented in the Afro-American Arts Festival that featured 28 Black artists at the Black Student Union at La Salle College. The artists included Janette E. Banks, Turner Battle, Toni Beavers, Benjamin Britt, Harold Carter, Marilyn Coleman, Quetta Consuella, Eugene Fleming, Roy Gibbs, Humbert Howard, Paul Keene, Louis B. Sloan and Howard N. Watson. [46]

While at Ile Ife, Bullock was included in a show with Ellen Powell Tiberino in 1975. The exhibit consisted of 20 paintings, drawings and soft sculpture by the artists. It was their first joint exhibit. [11] Also in 1975, she participated in “Spirits of Forgotten Ancestors” at the Walnut Street Theater, cosponsored by the Philadelphia Museum of Art's Department of Urban Outreach. It consisted of paintings, prints and jewelry by Black artists, including Avel de Knight, Bill Howell, Peg Alston and Wendy Wilson. [47] [48]

In 1988, the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum held a retrospective of Bullock's works. [21] In 2005, she was among 41 Black artists in “Chemistry of Color: The Harold A. and Ann R. Sorgenti Collection of African American Art” at PAFA. The show, featuring works from the 1950s to 2005, was a traveling exhibit. [4] [49] In 2002, she won a $35,000 Leeway Foundation Award and was represented in a 2003 exhibit of award winners at the Philadelphia Art Alliance. [4] [50] [51]

In 2010, Sande Webster Gallery featured her works in a group show of women artists titled "Women's Work: A Group Show" that included artists Martina Johnson-Allen, Maya Freelon, Betsy Casanas, Nannette Acker Clark, Alice Oh, Heather Pieters, Doris Nogueira-Rogers, Marta Sanchez and Kathleen Spicer. [22]

In 2015, Bullock was among artists in the exhibit “WE SPEAK: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s to 1970s” mounted by Woodmere Art Museum. [10] In 2020, Woodmere's “Africa in the Arts of Philadelphia” featured Bullock, Searles and Twins Seven Seven. [52]   In 2016, the La Salle University Art Museum hosted an exhibit titled “Barbara Bullock: Chasing After Spirits.” [4]

In 2022, the List Gallery at Swarthmore College held an exhibit of selected works in “Ubiquitous Presence,” which included oil paintings, sculptures, book arts, prints, altars and mixed media. [5]

Commissions

In 1990, Bullock was commissioned by Philadelphia International Airport to produce artwork. She created three-dimensional collages of dancers titled "Releasing the Energy, Balancing the Spirit." [53]

She created “Journey Series #4, Ethiopia” in 1999 for the African American Museum in Philadelphia, commissioned by Chivas Regal as part of its Perspectives program. [40] In 2004, she produced a commemorative poster for the 30th anniversary of the Odunde Festival in Philadelphia. [54] [4] In 2008, she was commissioned by Philadelphia's SEPTA Art in Transit for a work that was installed at the 46th Street Station on the Market-Frankford Line. It is titled "El Dancers." [4] [55]

Selected exhibitions

Philadelphia Gallery, 1966 [42]

Philadelphia Civic Center Museum, 1969, 1981 [45] [4] [56]

La Salle University, Black Student Union, 1969 [46]

Howard University, 1972, 1985 [4] [57]

Ile-Ife Humanitarian Center, 1975 [11]

Walnut Street Theater, 1975 [47] [48]

Bicentennial Women's Center, 1975 [58]

Off the Wall Gallery, Dirty Frank's Bar, 1980, 1981 [59] [60]

Cheltenham Art Center, 1983 [61]

Villanova University, 1983 [62]

Shippensburg University, 1985 [4]

Free Library of Philadelphia, 1988 [63]

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1986, 2005, 2017 [41] [49] [31]

Suzanne Gross Gallery, 1986 [64]

Uptown Theater, 1987 [65]   [66]

Sande Webster Gallery, 1989, 2010 [22] [67]

Bomani Gallery (San Francisco), 1992 [68]

Bucks County Community College, 1996 [66]

Nexus Gallery, 1997 [69]

Rowan University, 1997 [70]

Painted Bride Art Center, 1992, 1998 [71] [72]

Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, 1998 [73]

Walt Whitman Cultural Center (NJ), 2000 [74]

Mercer County Community College, 2001 [75]

African American Museum in Philadelphia, 1988, 2002 [25] [21]

Philadelphia Art Alliance, 2003 [50]

Lafayette College, 2005 [76]

Noyes Museum of Art (NJ), 2007 [77]

Woodmere Art Museum, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2020, 2023 [78] [52] [12] [79] [10] [80]

Pierro Gallery (NJ), 2010 [81]

Seraphin Gallery, 2012, 2013 [82] [83]

Atrium gallery, Morris County Administration and Records Building (NJ), 2015 [84]

Morris Museum (NJ), 2017 [85]

Portland Art Museum, 2017 [8]

Swarthmore College, 2022 [5]

Zimmerli Art Museum, Rutgers University, 2022 [86]

Collections

African American Museum in Philadelphia [4] [10]

Philadelphia Free Library [4] [63]

Zimmerli Art Museum, Rutgers University [4] [10] [86]

Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, Detroit [4] [10]

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts [4] [10]

Woodmere Art Museum [4] [10]

Howard University   [4]

Lafayette College [4] [29]

La Salle University's art museum [4] [87]

Robert Wood Johnson [4]

Lewis Tanner Moore Collection of African American Art [4] [78]

Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American Art [4] [88]

Philadelphia International Airport [53]

Commissions

Philadelphia International Airport [10]

SEPTA, Art in Transit [10] [53]

Odunde Festival [54]

Chivas Regal's Perspectives program (collage for African American Museum in Philadelphia) [40]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allan Randall Freelon</span> American artist

Allan Randall Freelon Sr., a native of Philadelphia, US, was an African American artist, educator and civil rights activist. He is best known as an African American Impressionist-style painter during the time of the Harlem Renaissance and as the first African American to be appointed art supervisor of the Philadelphia School District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellen Powell Tiberino</span> American painter

Ellen Powell Tiberino (1937-1992) was an African American artist who was figurative and expressionist in her pastels, oils, pencil drawings and sculptures. Her works were infused with the experiences and history of Black people, women in particular, whom she most often painted in dark and haunting hues. She was a prolific artist, working against time as she battled cancer for the last 14 years of her life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moe Brooker</span> African American artist (1940–2022)

Moe Albert Brooker was an African American painter, educator and printmaker. An abstract artist, he used vivid colors, lines, stripes, squares and circles to infuse a feeling of improvisational jazz in his works. Brooker was an internationally known artist whose paintings are in the collections of major museums and other institutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edith Emerson</span> American painter

Edith Emerson was an American painter, muralist, illustrator, writer, and curator. She was the life partner of acclaimed muralist Violet Oakley and served as the vice-president, president, and curator of the Woodmere Art Museum in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1940 to 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter H. Williams</span> American painter

Walter Henry Williams Jr. (1920–1998) was an African American-born artist, painter, printmaker and ceramicist who became a Danish citizen later in his life. The subjects of his artwork evolved from urban street scenes straight out of his New York upbringing to the metaphorical images of rural Black children playing in fields of sunflowers, butterflies and shacks.

Louise D. Clement-Hoff was an American painter and educator who specialized in oil painting, pastel and drawing of human figures and still lifes.

William "Bill" Lowell Howell was a graphic designer, painter, illustrator, set designer and photographer. He was an early member of the Weusi Artist Collective, a group of artists who helped birth the Black Arts Movement in the 1960s. He was art director for The New Lafayette Theatre in New York and its Black Theater magazine. He co-founded the Pamoja Studio Gallery in New York in 1967.

Leroy Johnson was a largely self-taught African American artist who used found materials to create mixed-media works. He was known for his paintings, assemblage sculptures and collages that were inspired, influenced and reflective of African American history and his experiences living in the inner city of Philadelphia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel Joseph Brown Jr.</span> American visual artist and educator

Samuel Joseph Brown Jr. (1907–1994) was a watercolorist, printmaker, and educator. He was the first African American artist hired to produce work for the Public Works of Art Project, a precursor to the Work Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. Brown often depicted the lives of African Americans in his paintings. He worked primarily in watercolor and oils, and he produced portraits, landscapes and prints.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roland Ayers</span> African American artist

Roland Ayers (1932–2014) was an African American watercolorist and printmaker. He is better known for his intricate drawings – black-ink figures of humans and nature intertwined in a dream-like state against a neutral backdrop. A poet and lover of jazz and books, he expressed his poetry through images rather than words, he often noted, and considered his artwork to be poetry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis B. Sloan</span> African American landscape artist


Louis B. Sloan (1932–2008) was an African American landscape artist, teacher and conservator. He was the first Black full professor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), and a conservator for the academy and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Although he painted urban neighborhoods and other cityscapes, he was mostly known for his plein-air paintings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbus P. Knox</span> American artist

Columbus P. Knox (1923–1999) was a painter, muralist, illustrator and printmaker. He was a mainstay at the annual Rittenhouse Square Fine Arts Show in Philadelphia, the oldest outdoor art exhibition in the country. His works are in museums and private collections. Knox created his own style of painting: using brushstrokes that resembled a rake being pulled through sand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Britt</span> American painter

Benjamin Franklin (Ben) Britt was a figurative, surrealist and abstract painter, and art teacher. His subjects were African American culture, religion and children, which he captured in oil and charcoals. Britt signed his works "B. Britt," dotting the "i" with tiny round circles.

Henry Bozeman Jones was an African American artist, writer, print-maker, illustrator, teacher, athletic coach and school counselor. He was known primarily for his portraits and landscapes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl Horter</span> American painter

Earl Horter was an American painter, illustrator, printmaker, teacher and art collector. He was instrumental in introducing modern art to Philadelphia as both an artist and collector of Cubist and abstract art. During the 1920s, he had one of the largest collections of modern art in the United States, and he was among the most prominent etchers of his generation.

Reba Dickerson-Hill was a self-taught Philadelphia artist who painted in the ancient Japanese ink-and- brush technique called sumi-e. She was also a watercolorist and oil painter who primarily produced landscapes and portraits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Edmonds (artist)</span> American artist

Walter Edmonds was an American artist best known for the 14 murals he painted with Richard J. Watson for the Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia.

Martina Johnson-Allen is an American artist and educator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Howard N. Watson</span> American artist (1929–2022)

Howard N. Watson (1929–2022) was an African American watercolorist, landscape artist, illustrator and teacher. He was known for his impressionistic watercolors of historical buildings, streets, neighborhoods and landmarks in the Philadelphia region.

Syd Carpenter is an African American artist and a retired professor of studio art. She is known for her ceramic and sculpture work, which explores African-American farming and gardening. She has received multiple fellowships, including a Pew Fellowship and an NEA Fellowship, and her work is currently in the Smithsonian American Art Museum's collection and the Philadelphia Museum of Art's collection.

References

  1. ↑ "Barbara J. Bullock". familysearch.org. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  2. 1 2 "James Bullock". familysearch.org. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  3. ↑ "U.S. Census 1950, James R. Bullock". familysearch.org. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Scarborough, Klare (2016). Barbara Bullock: Chasing After Spirits.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Barbara Bullock: Ubiquitous Presence" (PDF). List Gallery, Swarthmore College. 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  6. ↑ "Barbara Bullock / Painter". Greene Street Artists Coop. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
  7. ↑ "Stories My Grandmother Told Me by Barbara Bullock". Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American Art. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  8. 1 2 "Constructing Identity: Conversations on African-American Art & Culture". Portland Art Museum. 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  9. ↑ Dorsey, Najee (2017-09-17). "BAIA Talks: Barbara Bullock". Black Art in America. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "WE SPEAK: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s". Woodmere Art Museum. 2015. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  11. 1 2 3 "Area Artists Exhibit at lle-Ife". Philadelphia Tribune. 22 November 1975. p. 23. ProQuest   532678935.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clarke, Sabina (2014-04-24). ""Women and Biography" Exhibit: G'tn artist with strong social conscience at Woodmere". Chestnut Hill Local (accessed via files 2023-01-04 at Free Library of Philadelphia).
  13. 1 2 3 Churchville, John (29 October 1966). "She Paints 'Soul':: Local Gal 'Hangs' Staple Singers Downtown While the Gospel Group Is Singing Uptown". Philadelphia Tribune. p. 12. ProQuest   532424057.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Diller, JoAnne (1983-10-24). "'I don't actually teach them to draw'". Public Opinion (Chambersburg, PA). via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Campisi, Gloria (1994-02-03). "She dips her brush in Africa". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  16. ↑ Jordan, Julia (1 February 1958). "Germantown Gems: Barbara Bullock entertains after graduation". Philadelphia Tribune. p. 20. ProQuest   532190381.
  17. ↑ Jordan, Julia J. (1958-01-28). "Germantown Gems: Germantown high school graduates". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   532311114.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Weaver, A.M. (2016). The International Review of African American Art (in collection of Free Library of Philadelphia).
  19. ↑ "Model Cities". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1972-06-07. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  20. 1 2 "Model Cities Exhibit Now at Art Museum". Philadelphia Tribune. 1972-06-13. ProQuest   532612920.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Spirit Rain, Barbara Bullock (catalog in collection of Free Library of Philadelphia). 1988.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Booker, Bobbi (2010-04-18). "'Women's Work' celebrates local artists". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   2672591620.
  23. ↑ "Arthur Hall". Ile Ife. 2018. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  24. ↑ "The "Obatala & the Tree Goddess" Mural: A Tribute to the Village of Arts & Humanities, 30th anniversary". Barefoot Artists. 2016. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  25. 1 2 "The African American Museum's '4 artists of distinction" is bright and deep". City Paper (Philadelphia). 2002-11-14. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  26. ↑ Jay, Hilary (1999-03-07). "Little altars everywhere". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  27. ↑ Russ, Valerie M. (2005-01-07). "Inspired by 'spirit' of Africa". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  28. ↑ Boothe, Berrisford (2017). "The Jasmine Garden Series: Interview with artist Barbara Bullock" (PDF). Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of Africa American Art. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  29. 1 2 "Barbara Bullock". Lafayette College. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  30. ↑ "Seeing is Believing , Barbara Bullock". Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 2011. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
  31. 1 2 3 "A Collaborative Language: Selections from the Experimental Printmaking Institute". Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 2017. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  32. 1 2 3 "Central students learn from artist". York Dispatch (PA). via newspapers.com. 1988-04-30. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  33. ↑ Perfido, Lou (1987-02-01). "Creativity unmasked at Abington Art Center". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  34. ↑ "African-American arts". Philadelphia Tribune. 1985-05-14. ProQuest   532861472.
  35. ↑ "Photo caption: A group project by Nicetown Girls Club". Philadelphia Tribune. 1979-07-13. ProQuest   532754304.
  36. ↑ "Calendar for January". Philadelphia Tribune. 1989-01-13. ProQuest   532982725.
  37. ↑ Hoey, Kim (1995-07-26). "Artist and kids splash tropical colors over murals". News Journal (Wilmington, DE). via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  38. ↑ Estaban, Parra (1995-07-07). "Power of art". News Journal (Wilmington, DE). via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  39. ↑ "Snow show". Philadelphia Tribune. 1982-08-27. ProQuest   533057481.
  40. 1 2 3 Sims, Phyllis (1999-09-24). "Acclaimed artist unveils new work". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   533307043.
  41. 1 2 Dove-Morse, Pheralyn (1986-04-01). "National Conference of Artists gather in our own Philadelphia". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   532890512.
  42. 1 2 "Calendar of Arts - Four Negro Artists". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1966-10-23. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  43. ↑ "Contemporary Negro in Art Show". Philadelphia Tribune. 1966-02-08. ProQuest   532559300.
  44. ↑ "SNCC sponsors a lawn party". Philadelphia Tribune. 1966-06-25. ProQuest   532410060.
  45. 1 2 Donohoe, Victoria (1969-12-14). "Impressive Exhibit by Afro-Americans". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  46. 1 2 "Calendar of Events in Phila. Area: Afro-American Arts Festival". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1969-03-23. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  47. 1 2 "Things to do, Places to Go This Week". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1975-05-21. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  48. 1 2 Donohoe, Victoria (1975-05-02). "Art (column)". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  49. 1 2 "Explore the 'Chemistry of Color' at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts". Philadelphia Tribune. 2005-01-09. ProQuest   2631952340.
  50. 1 2 Sozanski, Edward J. (2003-01-17). "Leeway winners". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  51. ↑ "2002 Leeway Foundation Awards". Leeway Foundation. 2002-06-17. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  52. 1 2 Hine, Thomas (2020-02-09). "Africa in the Arts of Philadelphia". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  53. 1 2 3 "Barbara Bullock: Releasing the Energies, Balances the Spirits 1990". Philadelphia International Airport. 1990. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  54. 1 2 "Odunde: Mmore than the festival". Philadelphia Tribune. 2005-06-10. ProQuest   2631974848.
  55. ↑ "El Dancers". Association for Public Art. 2008. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  56. ↑ Donohoe, Victoria (1981-07-19). "The work of two minorities belatedly gains attention". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  57. ↑ "Barbara Bullock resume" (PDF). Seraphin Gallery. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  58. ↑ "Bicentennial attractions". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. 1975-08-25. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  59. ↑ "Art (column)". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. 1981-02-27. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  60. ↑ "Art (column)". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. 1980-12-12. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  61. ↑ Donohoe, Victoria (1983-01-14). "1983 At Cheltenham Art Center, a sampling of black artists' work". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  62. ↑ "The latest in traditional African artistry". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1983-01-23. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  63. 1 2 "Black life depicted in exhibit at Library: Opening is Friday; Black artists shown". Philadelphia Tribune. 1988-01-08. ProQuest   532966730.
  64. ↑ Donohoe, Victoria (1985-04-19). "On galleries". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  65. ↑ Dove-Morse, Pheralyn (1987-05-08). "It's festival time, and North Phila. is the place to be". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   532920976.
  66. 1 2 Donohoe, Victoria (1996-09-01). "Show may heal some feelings about art". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  67. ↑ "Galleries: Sande Webster". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1989-06-23. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  68. ↑ "Group shows". San Francisco Examiner. via newspapers.com. 1992-10-18. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  69. ↑ Edmonds, Arlene (1997-01-31). "African American Curators: Keepers of the Culture". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   533250119.
  70. ↑ Baxter, Robert (1997-11-16). "Her mentor". Courier Post (Camden, NJ). via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  71. ↑ Nelson, Nels (1992-09-24). "Artists Find their own religions". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  72. ↑ Fuller, Richard (1988-10-07). "Art (column)". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  73. ↑ Klein, Julia (1998-03-22). "Celebrating extraordinary people". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  74. ↑ "Arts & Entertainment Calendar: Walt Whitman Cultural Center". Philadelphia Tribune. 2000-03-31. ProQuest   533353164.
  75. ↑ "Arts Preview". Central New Jersey Home News (New Brunswick). via newspapers.com. 2001-09-09. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  76. ↑ "Art exhibits". Morning Call (Allentown, PA). via newspapers.com. 2005-04-10. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  77. ↑ "Events: Noyes Museum". Courier Post (NJ). via newspapers.com. 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  78. 1 2 Clifford, Patricia (2008-09-30). "Lewis Tanner Moore exhibition draws hundreds". Philadelphia Tribune. ProQuest   2666132997.
  79. ↑ Hine, Thomas (2018-06-24). "Philadelphia takes on the world". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  80. ↑ "Barbara Bullock: Fearless Vision". woodmereartmuseum.org. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  81. ↑ "Visual Alchemy: Eight African-American Artists Explore the Spirit of Visual Narrative". Montclair Times (NJ). via newspapers.com. 2010-04-22. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  82. ↑ "Thanks, Doc". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  83. ↑ "Galleries (column)". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  84. ↑ "African-American art exhibit to debut". Daily Record (Morristown, NJ). via newspapers.com. 2015-01-21. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  85. ↑ "Art: "Rituals and evocations," Barbara Bullock". Herald News (Passaic, NJ). via newspapers.com. 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  86. 1 2 "Black Women Artists from the Zimmerli Art Museum". Zimmerli Art Museum, Rutgers University. 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  87. ↑ "Belief - Barbara Bullock". La Salle University Art Museum. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  88. ↑ "Barbara Bullock - Works in the Collection". Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American Art. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.