Tournament details | |
---|---|
Country | France |
City | Paris |
Venue(s) | 1 (in 1 host city) |
Dates | 23 June – 6 July |
Teams | 4 |
Final positions | |
Champions | ![]() |
Runner-up | ![]() |
Baseball was played at the Inter-Allied Games, a multi-sport tournament held in June 1919 and organized by the United States military and the YMCA. It took place in June 1919, nearly a year after the armistice brought an end to the fighting of World War I. All of the games were played at the newly constructed Stade Pershing (named after American general John J. Pershing) in Paris.
Two teams represented the United States and, in its international baseball debut, Canada; both teams were composed entirely of soldiers from the American and Canadian Expeditionary Force. In a best-of-four series, the United States defeated Canada three games to one.
Baseball was played extensively by Canadian soldiers, who were stationed on the western front as early as 1914, and later, by American soldiers, after the U.S. joined the war in 1917. With the cessation of hostilities in 1918, Unrest among soldiers awaiting repatriation caused officers to encourage baseball, in an effort to boost morale. An Anglo-American Baseball League was formed in early 1919, with games between all-star Canadian and American teams being held at Stamford Bridge and elsewhere in England. [1]
Paris, France | |
---|---|
Stade Pershing | |
![]() |
The United States was represented by the "Le Mans" team, of the 86th "Blackhawk" Infantry Division, that had won the American Expeditionary Forces league championship (a three-game series against the Third Division team). [2] [3] One former major leaguer was Adam DeBus, a sergeant and former infielder that played a single season with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1917; DeBus had spent the war years at Camp Grant in Illinois, but was shipped to France after the Armistice. DeBus captained the United States team at the games. [3] Also part of the U.S. team was William Marriott, who had played in 1917 with the Chicago Cubs and would go on to stints with the Boston Braves and Brooklyn Robins. [4] [5] Several other Americans had minor league experience, including Wheeler "Moose" Fuller, who had a long career with various Eastern League clubs. [6] [lower-alpha 1]
The Canadian team was also the champion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force league, selected by a series in London and reinforced by the best players from other Canadian teams. Many of these soldiers were from the "Artillery" team, champions of the Witley area. [8] None of the Canadian players had major league experience, though Larry Carmel would later play with the Montreal Royals and Quebec Bulldogs of the Eastern Canada League. [9] Three of the Canadian players (Ernest Tate, John Edis, and Paul Gilpatrick) were born in the United States, though at least two of them served in the Canadian Army. [10] [11] [12]
One of the umpires was "Smiling Al" Orth, a former MLB pitcher who had traveled to Europe to care for his son, wounded in the Meuse–Argonne offensive. [13]
Canada — "Artillery" | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roster | |||||||||
Pitchers
Catchers
| Infielders
| Outfielders
|
United States — "Le Mans" | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roster | |||||||||
Pitchers
Catchers
| Infielders
| Outfielders
|
The first two games of the series were relatively close and characterized by pitching duels between the starters. In the first game, American starter Moose Fuller kept the Canadians to a single hit over eight innings of work. Canada won the second game thanks to starter Ernest Tate, who took a no-hitter into the ninth inning before it was broken up by the U.S.'s Henning Anderson. [14]
After the June 27 game, the American team traveled to Germany for a three-game exhibition series, while the Canadians waited in Paris without playing. The wait became evident in the final two games of the series, which the U.S. won convincingly. The fourth game, played on July 6, was called after seven innings, so as not to conflict with the closing ceremonies of the games. [14]
The championship trophy was presented by Hu Weide, ambassador of the Republic of China to France. [15]
Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | X | 5 | 6 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
WP: Wheeler Fuller LP: Ralph Clayton Umpires: Al Orth; Frambes Boxscore |
Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 2 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
WP: Ernest Tate LP: George Taylor Umpires: Al Orth; Frambes Boxscore |
Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | X | 10 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
WP: Wheeler Fuller LP: Norman Chalmers Umpires: Al Orth; Roth Boxscore |
Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | R | H | E | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
WP: George Taylor LP: Ernest Tate Umpires: Al Orth; Roth Boxscore |
Statistic | Player | Total |
---|---|---|
Batting average | ![]() | .461 |
Bases on balls | ![]() | 5 |
Runs scored | ![]() | 5 |
Fielding percentage | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 1.000 |
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league and the highest level of organized baseball in the United States and Canada. One of the big four major leagues, MLB comprises 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901, respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903, making MLB the oldest major professional sports league in the world. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.
Terry Stephen Puhl is a Canadian former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a outfielder from 1977 to 1991, most prominently as a member of the Houston Astros where he helped the franchise win its first-ever National League Western Division title and postseason berth in 1980.
The history of baseball can be broken down into various aspects: by era, by locale, by organizational-type, game evolution, as well as by political and cultural influence. The game evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States, and had begun to spread throughout the Pacific Rim and the Americas. Today, baseball is popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, particularly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
The Little League World Series is an annual baseball tournament for children aged 10 to 12 years old, held in the Eastern United States. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania; while the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.
Harry Elwood "Moose" McCormick was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played all or part of five seasons in Major League Baseball between 1904 and 1913 for the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Phillies. McCormick also served in the United States Army during World War I and as a civilian director of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.
Triple-A has been the highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States since 1946. Currently, two leagues operate at the Triple-A level, the International League (IL) and the Pacific Coast League (PCL). There are 30 teams, one per each Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise, with 20 in the IL and 10 in the PCL. Triple-A teams are generally located in smaller cities as well as larger metropolitan areas without MLB teams, such as Austin, Jacksonville, Columbus, and Indianapolis. Four Triple-A teams play in the same metro areas as their parent clubs.
The Inter-Allied Games was a one-off multi-sport event held from 22 June to 6 July 1919 at the newly constructed Pershing Stadium just outside Paris, France following the end of World War I. The host stadium had been built near the Bois de Vincennes by the U.S. Military in cooperation with the YMCA. The event was only open to participation by military personnel who were currently serving or had formerly served in the armed forces during the War. Around 1500 athletes from a total of eighteen nations participated in the proceedings which featured nineteen sports. Following the conclusion of the games, Pershing Stadium was presented as a gift to the people of France from the United States of America. The area, still known as Le Stade Pershing, continues to be used as an open air recreation park to this day.
Stade Pershing was a multi-purpose stadium in the Bois de Vincennes in Paris, France. It was used mostly for football matches and hosted the final of the Coupe de France on four occasions. It hosted the Inter-Allied Games in 1919 and the first Women's World Games in 1922. It also hosted some of the football matches during the 1924 Summer Olympics. The stadium was able to hold 29,000 spectators at its height; it opened in 1919 and closed in 1960. Its area currently hosts baseball games.
Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of baseball in the United States. The sport is one of the most popular sports in the U.S. for both participants and spectators. The World Series of MLB is the culmination of baseball's postseason each October. It is played between the winner of each of the two leagues, the American League and the National League, and the winner is determined through a best-of-seven playoff.
The Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason is the annual playoff tournament held to determine the champion of MLB in the United States and Canada. Since 2022, the playoffs for each league—American and National—consist of two best-of-three Wild Card Series contested by the lowest-seeded division winner and the three wild card teams, two best-of-five Division Series (LDS) featuring the wild-card winners and the two highest-seeded division winners, and finally the best-of-seven League Championship Series (LCS). The winners of the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and the National League Championship Series (NLCS) play each other in the best-of-seven World Series. Under this system, the postseason comprises 32 to 53 games. The postseason tournament takes place after the conclusion of MLB's regular season and takes approximately one month to complete.
Ralph Head was a professional baseball pitcher who played for the 1923 Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). Listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 175 pounds (79 kg), he threw and batted right-handed.
The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It has traditionally been held in October, though some more recent editions were contested in November due to expanded playoffs and/or season delays. It has been contested since 1903 between the champion teams of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy.
George Milton Roudebush was an American professional football player with the Canton Bulldogs, Cincinnati Celts of the "Ohio League", and the Dayton Triangles of the early National Football League (NFL). He was also a lawyer in Cleveland for 73 years.
Adam Joseph DeBus, Jr. was a German American professional baseball player whose career spanned three seasons, one of which was spent with the Major League Baseball (MLB) Pittsburgh Pirates (1917). Over his MLB career, DeBus, an infielder, compiled a .229 batting average with nine runs scored, 30 hits, five doubles, four triples, seven runs batted in (RBIs) and two stolen bases in 38 games played. Originally, Debus signed with the MLB St. Louis Cardinals out of the Northern League, but his contract was waived after never making an appearance. He then signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates and made his MLB debut on July 14, 1917, against the Brooklyn Robins. During his career, DeBus weighed 150 pounds (68 kg) and stood at 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm). He batted and threw right-handed.
Thomas William Soutar was a professional athlete and an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
The MLB London Series is an arrangement for Major League Baseball (MLB) to play select regular season games at London Stadium in London, England. The arrangement was initially for two years, 2019 and 2020, which was sponsored by Mitel and branded as Mitel & MLB Present London Series. The 2019 games were the first MLB contests ever played in Europe, and featured the Boston Red Sox hosting two games against the New York Yankees. Two games planned for 2020 between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the arrangement between MLB and Greater London was renewed for games in 2023, 2024 and 2026. Beginning with the 2023 season, the series is branded as the MLB World Tour: London Series, reflecting the new "MLB World Tour" name applied to games played outside the U.S. and Canada.
Football at the Inter-Allied Games was an unofficial football event organized by the United States military and the YMCA. It took place in June 1919, a year after the cessation of hostilities on the western front, and all the matches were played at the newly constructed Stade Pershing in Paris. The tournament featured some of Europe's top players. The Inter-Allied Games is the first football tournament, official or otherwise, with national teams from two different continents.
The following squads were named for the 1919 Inter-Allied tournament.
DeBus was the captain of the Blackhawks, a team that won the championship of the Inter-Allied games in July 1919.
He was attached to the 86th Infantry Division (known as the Black Hawk Division) as a sergeant major in charge of troop transportation, and pitched on the division's baseball team, which also included former major leaguers Ed "Jeff" Sweeney, William Marriott, Adam DeBus, and Austin Walsh.