While most practitioners of this music are consciously avoiding the restrictions of any one particular genre, some generalizations can be made:
This is a very instrumental music, showing its primary influences from the jazz and modern classical worlds: the most common instruments are horns, woodwinds, and strings. Guitars and percussion are also often used, though not usually in the rock n' roll style, and the use of electronics is very common. Vocals are somewhat rare, and recognizable lyrics are still rarer.
Many of the practitioners are formally trained musicians, capable of playing conventional music with relative ease. If they choose to play rougher, noisier sounds, it is almost always a matter of choice, not necessity.
Central to the scene's conception of itself is the freedom to break rules:[10] it does not shun the conventional virtues such as melody and rhythm, but it also accepts the atonal and the arrhythmic.
This is a relatively unpredictable music, it varies tremendously from moment to moment, and from performance to performance. It is not reliably loud or soft, energetic or contemplative. If it "gets into a groove" it does not often stay there.
This is a music that often (though not always) has a very intellectual quality which can run contrary to the usual presumption that music is primarily about the expression of emotion.[11]
Character of the Bay Area scene
This is not often a popular music, and it survives with very little in the way of commercial support. Performance spaces are organized and run by a spirit of volunteerism, with occasional arts grants. The musicians often support themselves by "day jobs" (though sometimes these "day jobs" consist of performing other types of music). The lack of commercial opportunities is sometimes seen as a positive feature of the scene:
As Gino Robair puts it in an interview with "The Wire":[12]
Overall, the Bay Area scene seems to encourage people to cross over the boundaries of musical styles and collaborate. Part of the reason, I believe, is that there is very little "careerism" here: because there are so few sustainable well- paying gigs, people aren't so concerned with having to keep some kind of performance style "pure" by not mingling with other kinds of music. And the talent pool is massive, despite there being no real music industry, compared to, say, New York City or LA. Musicians who settle here are in it for the right reasons: to explore sound, even if it takes them into unknown territory. Cage, Partch, Lou Harrison, Henry Cowell, Steve Reich, Pauline Oliveros, Terry Riley ... all spent formative years here doing unique and highly creative work.
Vijay Iyer concurs with Gino Robair's assessment: "'The Bay Area was a really nurturing environment, where I gained my creative footing and figured out what I wanted to do as an artist,' Iyers explains. 'It was nice to have the time and space to stretch out among creative people without really having the pressure of New York, where you can't really screw around.'".[13]
Tim Perkis, in an interview with Derk Richardson about the "Noisy People" documentary also agrees:[14]
"It really is a social unit," Perkis said of the improv scene. "At one point in the film, Gino [Robair] talks about it being like a family. It really is a cohesive scene, and it's almost like being in one large band over the course of years. And when other improvisers come into town from elsewhere to play, it's often revealed how there is sort of a shared Bay Area aesthetic and idiom -- a different dialect than what people coming in might be doing.
Derk Richardson regards the history of the scene as composed of two intertwining threads: an irascible individuality, tempered by periods of pulling together into collective efforts.[15]
Name of the scene
The name "Bay Area Improv Scene" is frequently contentious because while many of the performances on the scene embrace improvisational techniques, no one is opposed to composition, and many of the people associated with the scene favor it. There are also some logical problems with it as a classification, because there are other musical scenes that use improvisation (e.g. freestyle hip-hop) which aren't usually included in the "improv scene". Also, the term "Improv" has been increasingly associated with a form of comedy theater that's completely unrelated to this style of music.
Many attempts have been made to invent a more general term, such as "New Music[16] " or "Creative Music"[17] but these have the converse problem of being too non-specific, and no alternative name has achieved common use.[18]
Notably, the New York analog of the scene simply uses a geographical reference ("Downtown") as a label. One suggestion [19] is that it might be best to adopt the name of the long-running events calendar, and simply call it "The Transbay Scene".
Venues
Despite the phrase "Bay Area" in the name, the scene doesn't really span the entire Bay Area region: the performance venues have largely only been located in either San Francisco or in the East Bay. Very few performances take place in the South Bay or North Bay regions, though there are occasional related events in locations such as Santa Cruz, Big Sur, or Sacramento.
Many performances have taken place in small one-off venues, or as part of relatively short-lived weekly series, but at any point in time, there are typically a few larger, longer-lived performance venues that define the character of the scene, for example Beanbenders, Luggage Store Gallery or 21 Grand. In addition, there are annual festivals that happen at special venues (or sometimes, among multiple scattered venues).
The locations of performances are usually promoted in the on-line bayimproviser.com[20] listing, as well as through occasional write-ups in the popular press.
History
One might trace the beginnings of the scene back to the formation of the San Francisco Tape Music Center founded in 1962 (Tape Music was one of the original names for what we now think of as Electronic Music). Pauline Oliveros, later a member of the San Francisco Tape Music Center, began playing free improvisations with Terry Riley and Loren Rush in 1958. Some of these sessions were recorded at KPFA.[9]
The Rova Saxophone Quartet (formed in the late 70s) is an early, well-known group, featuring a more avant-jazz approach. At the same time, Henry Kaiser and Greg Goodman gained prominence with their European-inspired improvisational musics. Each founded record labels, Metalanguage Records (Kaiser, with Larry Ochs) and The Beak Doctor (Goodman), and organized concerts featuring performers such as Derek Bailey, Evan Parker, Charles K. Noyes, and Toshinori Kondo. Also active from the 1970s on were Henry Kuntz, John Gruntfest, and Ron Heglin.
In the late-80s there was an "improvcore scene" centering on "Olive Oil's", located on the waterfront in what was then an industrial neighborhood of San Francisco. This featured performers such as the Splatter Trio, the Rova Saxophone Quartet and the Molecules. .[22]
In the early 90s, Radio Valencia in San Francisco's Mission district began its well-regarded Sunday night jazz series, curated by Don Alan, one of the proprietors of the cafe. The founding of Amoeba Records by scene stalwart Marc Weinstein provided a significant boost to local artists, and its racks bristling with avant-garde musics of all kinds became a magnet for drawing musicians from all over the world.
1991 saw the founding of the Improvised Music Association which organized concerts, put out a compilation cassette of music, and published a newsletter eventually named FREEWAY. Active members included Dan Plonsey, Mantra, Randy Porter, Myles Boisen, and Tom Djll. The Berkeley Store Gallery hosted numerous IMA-associated concerts, a series that circuitously led to the Beanbenders series.
In the mid-90s, the Beanbenders[23] venue emerged in Berkeley, which for a few years was the center of the scene in the East Bay. It is most often associated with Dan Plonsey, the most prominent member of a collective including other members such as Bill Hsu. Another characteristic venue of the mid-90s was "The Dark Circle Lounge" weekly series, run by Gino Robair at the Hotel Utah.
The Luggage Store Gallery hosts the longest running weekly series in the area, having been founded in the mid-90s. Originally it was largely directed by Damon Smith, though currently it is curated by Rent Romus and Matt Davignon, who are also active with the 509 Cultural Gallery.
Another long-lived weekly series is also located in a San Francisco art gallery: The Meridian Gallery,[24] in the Union Square area. This series was founded by Philip Gelb.
A leading venue in the east bay has been 21 Grand[25][26] in Uptown Oakland. 21 Grand was awarded Best Multidisciplinary Art Gallery: Broadest definition of taste by The East Bay Express in 2007:
Even in the ultracosmopolitan East Bay, it's difficult to find venues that are willing to book the kind of wacky, experimental-music shows that wouldn't go over in a place like the Stork Club — shows in which you'd expect to see Tom Djll blowing into the wrong end of a trumpet, Phillip Greenlief bobbling a triplet figure over and over, or the Moe!kestra! reading from a graphically notated score. It's even harder to find venues with a desire to make such music accessible for all ages. Enter 21 Grand, a beloved gallery and performance space that showcases some of the best avant-garde poets, authors, playwrights, experimental filmmakers, photographers, conceptual artists, and musicians from local and national underground scenes.[27]
Some of the more significant Bay Area ensembles that have come and sometimes gone in this time period include the Rova Saxophone Quartet, Splatter Trio, Negativland, MX-80, New Klezmer Trio, Eskimo, The Molecules, Pluto, Rotodoti, Daniel Popsicle, Jettison Slinky, Caroliner Rainbow, Vacuum Tree Head, The Manufacturing of Humidifiers, Natto Quartet, Room, Adam Lane's Full Throttle Orchestra, Rubber City, Zen Widow, Trance Mission, Opeye, Glenn Spearman's groups, the Clubfoot Orchestra, The Hub, TJ Kirk, Blectum From Blechdom, Pinkmountain, Grosse Abfahrt, Graham Connah's various groups, The Lost Trio, Spezza Rotto, Moe!kestra, What We Live, Positive Knowledge, sfSound, Oakland Active Orchestra, Brassiosaurus, Good For Cows and Ghost In The House.
Labels
While artists on the scene often record on small, individual labels (and some occasionally have releases on larger labels, or ones centered in a different location, such as Tzadik), Nottwo, Kadima, Innova, New World, Black Saint, Victo. Nuscope, FMP, Etc. There are a number of locally based independent labels that have traditionally featured recordings from the scene:
Improvisation, often shortened to improv, is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Miya Masaoka is an American composer, musician, and sound artist active in the field of contemporary classical music and experimental music. Her work encompasses contemporary classical composition, improvisation, electroacoustic music, inter-disciplinary sound art, sound installation, traditional Japanese instruments, and performance art. She is based in New York City.
Ellen Fullman is an American composer, instrument builder, and performer. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee, and is currently based in the San Francisco Bay Area. She is known for her 70-foot (21-meter) Long String instrument, tuned in just intonation and played with rosin-coated fingers.
The Hub is an American "computer network music" ensemble formed in 1986 consisting of John Bischoff, Tim Perkis, Chris Brown, Scot Gresham-Lancaster, Mark Trayle and Phil Stone. "The Hub was the first live computer music band whose members were all composers, as well as designers and builders of their own hardware and software."
Carla Kihlstedt is an American composer, violinist, vocalist, and multi-instrumentalist, originally from Lancaster, Pennsylvania and currently working from a home studio on Cape Cod.
The Transbay Tube is an underwater rail tunnel that carries Bay Area Rapid Transit's four transbay lines under San Francisco Bay between the cities of San Francisco and Oakland in California. The tube is 3.6 miles (5.8 km) long, and attaches to twin bored tunnels. The section of rail between the nearest stations totals 6 miles (10 km) in length. The tube has a maximum depth of 135 feet (41 m) below sea level.
The culture of San Francisco is major and diverse in terms of arts, music, cuisine, festivals, museums, and architecture but also is influenced heavily by Mexican culture due to its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico. San Francisco's diversity of cultures along with its eccentricities are so great that they have greatly influenced the country and the world at large over the years. In 2012, Bloomberg Businessweek voted San Francisco as America's Best City.
Tim Perkis is an experimental musician and writer who works with live electronic and computer sound.
Francis Wong is an American jazz saxophonist, flutist, and erhu player.
Dan Plonsey is a saxophonist. He is considered a jazz musician, though he rejects this label.
Gino Robair is an American composer, improvisor, drummer, percussionist, and magazine editor. In his own music work, he plays prepared/modified percussion, analog synthesizer, ebow and prepared piano, theremin, and bowed objects. Robair resides in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.
Maybe Monday is an American experimental electroacoustic improvisation music ensemble comprising guitarist Fred Frith, koto player Miya Masaoka and saxophonist Larry Ochs. The trio was formed in San Francisco in March 1997 when they performed in a concert at the Great American Music Hall. They have since toured the United States, Canada and Europe, and released three albums between 1999 and 2008.
Scot Gresham-Lancaster is an American composer, performer, instrument builder, educator and educational technology specialist. He uses computer networks to create new environments for musical and cross discipline expression. As a member of The Hub, he is one of the early pioneers of "computer network" music, which uses the behavior of interconnected music machines to create innovative ways for performers and computers to interact. He performed in a series of "co-located" performances, collaborating in real time with live and distant dancers, video artists and musicians in network-based performances.
Toychestra is an all-women experimental music group from Oakland, California that plays toys. They use toy musical instruments and other noise-making toys to perform their own compositions as well as interpretations of works by other artists, from Dvořák to Black Flag. Toychestra have performed at several venues in the San Francisco Bay Area and have toured Europe three times. They have released three CDs, including a collaborative album, What Leave Behind with English experimental guitarist Fred Frith.
What Leave Behind is a 2004 studio album by Oakland, California-based experimental music group Toychestra and English experimental guitarist Fred Frith. It was recorded in May 2003 and January 2004, and was released in 2004 on the French label, S.K. Records. It is a concerto for electric guitar and toy orchestra composed by Dan Plonsey for Toychestra and Frith to perform.
Dana Reason is a Canadian composer, recording artist, keyboardist, producer, arranger, and sound artist working at the intersections of contemporary musical genres and intermedia practices.
Contraband, a collection of artists led by director/choreographer Sara Shelton Mann, was a dance-based, live performance ensemble, working together from 1985 to the mid 1990s. Based mainly in San Francisco, the group became known for its lively, electrifying performances, often politically charged and community-engaging. By utilizing dance, music, set, text/spoken word, and site-specific work, Contraband came to develop a cross-disciplinary performance aesthetic, as well as approach to dance and dance training, that would have a profound influence on Bay Area dance, performance art, and culture, as well as performance practice abroad.
Theresa Wong is an American cellist, vocalist, composer and improviser in the field of experimental music. In 2013 she lived in the San Francisco Bay Area.
The Hotel Utah is a historic mixed-use building known as a saloon bar, live music venue, and residential hotel, built in 1908 and located in the South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco, California. It is known for its diverse open mic nights, which have historically attracted some people who have later become famous. It is also known as The Utah Inn, The Hotel Utah Saloon, and simply The Utah.
Liz Allbee is a trumpet player, composer, performer, and improviser, originally from Vermont, in the United States, and now living and working in Berlin, Germany.
↑ There is, in fact, a considerable amount of overlap between the Bay Area and the Downtown scenes, with frequent transitions between the two areas. Jeff Gauthier comments in "Musical Community", All About Jazz, April 5, 2008: "While Cryptogramophone started out documenting a local community, we ended up representing a virtual community. Myra Melford and Mark Dresser used to be bastions of the New York Downtown scene before moving to the West Coast. Jenny Scheinman started out in the Bay Area before moving to New York. Erik Friedlander, Todd Sickafoose and Denman Maroney still live in New York. Scott Amendola and Ben Goldberg live in the Bay Area. Bennie Maupin came up in Detroit and New York but now lives in Los Angeles. Nels Cline still lives in LA but his career is truly international in scope."
↑ Derk Richardson, Listen up", the Noise section of The San Francisco Bay Guardian, June 4, 2003 (Vol. 37, Iss. 36): "Although based in New York, and sometimes Japan, saxophonist John Zorn became a towering role model for many Bay Area improvisers and composers through radically varied performances and such seminal projects as his 'game' piece Cobra." http://www.sfbg.com/noise/2003-06/shiurba_sb.html
1 2 Oliveros, P. (2008). "Memoir of a Community Enterprise". In D. W. Bernstein (Ed.), The San Francisco Tape Music Center: 1960s counterculture and the avant-garde, pp. 80-81. Berkeley: University of California Press.
↑ Dave Barret (the saxophonist from the Splatter Trio) has remarked: "Experimental music .. has been about challenging the accepted norms. These norms may be convienient[sic?] for artistic imitators and academics, but most creative artists see them as straitjackets and obstacles in the path of forward motion. So the first thing you'll notice is that most of the traditional notions of melody, harmony, rhythm, and structure have been thrown out. (Or at least deconstructed, so that their meaning and function change.)" -- Dave Barret, liner notes for (Y)earbook Volume 2, (1992), Rastascan Records
↑ Matt Davignon comments: "Well, the people who dislike experimental music are right. The bulk of the work that gets heard by non-new-music-specialists could fall under the umbrella of overly-intellectual/dissonant/heartless sort of stuff. A lot of experimental and 'new' music -is- too intellectual for non-music-majors to understand. And lots and lots of stuff has no emotional value." on the Bay Area New Music Discussion Group, October 12, 2007 "[NewMusic] (No subject)". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
↑ Derk Richardson, "Listen up", "The unique pleasures of the creative music scene demand to be heard", the Noise section of The San Francisco Bay Guardian, June 4, 2003 (Vol. 37, Iss. 36) http://www.sfbg.com/noise/2003-06/shiurba_sb.html
↑ The name Matt Ingalls chose for the "Bay Area New Music" mailing list: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ The full title of the Transbay Calendar is "The Transbay Creative Music Calendar"
↑ Derk Richardson alludes to the naming problem in a "Listen up" column in the "Noise" section of The San Francisco Bay Guardian, June 4, 2003 (Vol. 37, Issue 36): "... a tremendous amount of insight into the whys and wherefores of the local avant-garde, er, new music, ah, creative music, um, improv scene" http://www.sfbg.com/noise/2003-06/shiurba_sb.html
↑ Matthew Goodheart comments:"... what Mills more often represents: contemporary aesthetics, iconoclasm, the challenging of what music is, the underdog, the school for artists for which the world has no place. The contradictory experimental tradition." "Lachenmann at Mills", part 1, The Transbay Creative Music Calendar, March 2008 http://www.transbaycalendar.org/archive/TB_2008_03.pdf
↑ "Momentum picked up at a China Basin restaurant called Olive Oil's, where Rick Rees cultivated a nascent 'improvcore' scene with established units like Rova and such newcomers as the rock-rooted Molecules" -- Derk Richardson, "Sites and sounds" The San Francisco Bay Guardian February 5, 1997, http://www.plonsey.com/beanbenders/SFBayGuardian020597.htmlArchived July 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
↑ Buzz Poole, "Jazzed Up, Boxed Out", The East Bay Express, February 23, 2005: "This venue might be the most crucial to the East Bay's art scene. Since June 2000, 21 Grand has been an advocate for genre-bending and innovative art, both visual and performed. Everyone from the rhythm-crazed drum 'n' bass duo Good for Cows to the Pornorchestra's academic interpretations of classic porn soundtracks have graced the stage."
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