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Bloodstream infections (BSIs), which include bacteremias when the infections are bacterial and fungemias when the infections are fungal, are infections present in the blood. Blood is normally a sterile environment, so the detection of microbes in the blood is always abnormal. A bloodstream infection is different from sepsis, which is the host response to bacteria.
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Signs and symptoms include an area of redness which increases in size over a few days. The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. While the redness often turns white when pressure is applied, this is not always the case. The area of infection is usually painful. Lymphatic vessels may occasionally be involved, and the person may have a fever and feel tired.
Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more particularly, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name.
Streptococcus bovis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that in humans is associated with urinary tract infections, endocarditis, sepsis, and colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, and may cause ruminal acidosis or feedlot bloat. It is also associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, a frequent complication occurring in patients affected by cirrhosis. Equivalence with Streptococcus equinus has been contested.
A dog bite is a bite upon a person or other animal by a dog; especially from a rabid dog. More than one successive bite is often called a dog attack, although dog attacks can include knock-downs and scratches. Though many dog bites do not result in injury, they can result in infection, disfigurement, temporary or permanent disability, or death. Another type of dog bite is the "soft bite" displayed by well-trained dogs, by puppies, and in non-aggressive play. Dog bites can occur during dog fighting, as a response to mistreatment, trained dogs acting as guard or military animals, or during a random encounter.
Aeromonas is a genus of gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Most of the 14 described species have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The organisms are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.
Helicobacter cinaedi is a bacterium in the family Helicobacteraceae, Campylobacterales order, Helicobacteraceae family, Helicobacter genus. It was formerly known as Campylobacter cinaedi until molecular analysis published in 1991 led to a major revision of the genus Campylobacter. H. cinaedi is a curved, spiral, or fusiform rod with flagellum at both of its ends which it uses to dart around. The bacterium is a pathogen.
Bifidobacterium longum is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus Bifidobacterium. It is a microaerotolerant anaerobe and considered to be one of the earliest colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract of infants. When grown on general anaerobic medium, B. longum forms white, glossy colonies with a convex shape. While B. longum is not significantly present in the adult gastrointestinal tract, it is considered part of the gut microbiota and its production of lactic acid is believed to prevent growth of pathogenic organisms. B. longum is non-pathogenic and is often added to food products.
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla.
Clostridium tertium is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. Although it can be considered an uncommon pathogen in humans, there has been substantial evidence of septic episodes in human beings. C. tertium is easily decolorized in Gram-stained smears and can be mistaken for a Gram-negative organism. However, C.tertium does not grow on selective media for Gram-negative organisms.
Acinetobacter junii is a species of bacteria. Its type strain is ATCC 17908. It can be pathogenic. This bacterium has been linked to nosocomial infections including catheter-related blood stream infections and cellulitis.
Tsukamurella inchonensis is a bacterium with type strain IMMIB D-771T.
Chryseobacterium gleum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a high vaginal swab from a human in London in England. Chryseobacterium gleum can cause infections in humans.
Tsukamurella is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and obligate aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Tsukamurellaceae. Most of the strains of Tsukamurella degrade starch. Some Tsukamurella species can cause infections in humans.
Rothia is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Micrococcaceae. Rothia bacteria can cause disease in humans and immunosuppressed humans.
Cellulosimicrobium is a Gram-positive bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae. Cellulosimicrobium bacteria can cause infections in humans. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.
Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella. Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens bacteria can cause in rare cases infections in humans.
Solobacterium is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.
Bergeyella zoohelcum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Bergeyella which occurs in the upper respiratory tract of dogs and cats Bergeyella zoohelcum can cause respiratory disease in cats. Bergeyella zoohelcum can cause infections after dog bites.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Parte, A.C. "Bergeyella". LPSN .
- 1 2 3 "Bergeyella cardium". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ "Bergeyella". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: 1–3. 1 January 2015. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00297.
- ↑ George M., Garrity (2011). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 0-387-68572-3.