| Biatora kalbii | |
|---|---|
 | |
| in Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, Florida | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Ramalinaceae |
| Genus: | Biatora |
| Species: | B. kalbii |
| Binomial name | |
| Biatora kalbii (Brako) S.Y.Kondr. (2019) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Biatora kalbii is a species of squamulose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It has a pantropical distribution.
The species was first formally described by Brazilian lichenologist Lois Brako in her 1991 monograph on the genus Biatora . The type specimen was collected in 1980 from Mato Grosso do Sul by Klaus Kalb, for whom the species in named. [2] Sergey Kondratyuk transferred the species from genus Phyllopsora to Biatora in 2019. [1]
The thallus of Biatora kalbii is made of small round to elongated, convex green squamules (scales) measuring 0.1–0.3 mm in diameter. Some scales are arranged so that they are discrete, while others may overlap; all are attached closely to the substrate. Isidia are spherical; they lengthen by budding. The prothallus is pale and thin. Apothecia (sexual reproductive structures) are common in Biatora kalbii; they are circular with a pale to dark brown disc that is either flat or slightly convex, and a margin around the disc. The ascospores are ellipsoid to short-fusiform (tapering on both ends). Pycnidia are common on the lichen surface; they appear tan-coloured spots with orange to brown ostioles immersed in the thallus. The pycnidia produce straight, rod-shaped conidia that measure 9 by 1 μm. The lichen does not produce any secondary chemicals that could be detected with standard spot tests. [2]
Biatora kalbii has a pantropical distribution, with most records recorded from altitudes between 300 and 2,400 m (980 and 7,870 ft). Brako's original description includes records from the United States, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Kenya, and Tanzania. [2]
Biatora is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. First described in 1817, the genus consists of crustose and squamulose lichens with green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia, colorless, simple to 3-septate ascospores, and bacilliform pycnospores. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the genus contains 42 species that are widely distributed in temperate areas.
Esslingeriana is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single foliose lichen species Esslingeriana idahoensis, commonly known as the tinted rag lichen. It is found in northwestern North America.
Hypotrachyna vainioi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Graphis crebra is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. Like other script lichens, it grows on bark and resembles calligraphy. It can be distinguished from several other similar species by the white pruina (powder) on its apothecial discs.
Coppinsidea is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed in 2019 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Edit Farkas, and Laszlo Lőkös with Coppinsidea sphaerella designated as the type species. Species of Coppinsidea are similar in appearance and morphology to Thamnolecania, but differ from them in having a thallus that is crustose (rather than fruticose, mostly convex to almost spherical apothecia that are lecideine or biatorine in structure, as well as in being distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.
Punctelia constantimontium is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Its range includes South America, Africa, and Mexico, where it grows on bark and twigs.
Punctelia subpraesignis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mexico, South America, and East Africa, where it grows on bark and on rocks. Major characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from other Punctelia species include the C+ and KC+ rose spot tests of the medulla, ascospores that are smaller than 20 μm, and unciform (hooklike) conidia.
Punctelia bolliana, the eastern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, with a distribution extending from the Canadian province of Ontario south to the central and northeastern United States and Mexico. It grows on the bark of both deciduous trees and coniferous trees. The combination of characteristics that distinguishes this species from others in genus Punctelia are the absence of the vegetative propagules isidia and soralia, a pale brown lower thallus surface, and the presence of the secondary chemical protolichesterinic acid in the medulla.
Punctelia graminicola is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows on rocks, and, less frequently, on bark in North America, South America, and East Africa. It has a blue-grey thallus measuring up to about 15 cm (6 in), covered with tiny pores called pseudocyphellae. Sometimes the lichen forms small lobes that project out from the surface. Fruiting bodies are uncommon in this species; if present, they resemble small cups with a brown internal disc measuring 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) in diameter. A lookalike species, Punctelia hypoleucites, is not readily distinguishable from Punctelia graminicola by appearance or habitat alone; these species can only be reliably differentiated by examining the length of their conidia.
Bacidina circumpulla is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in Alaska and British Columbia, it was described as a new species in 2020 by Stefan Ekman.
Hypogymnia flavida is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in mountainous locations of east Asia, where it grows on the bark and wood of woody plants. It has a relatively large yellowish thallus.
Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.
Psiloparmelia salazinica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America.
Buellia schaereri is a species of lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1849 by Italian botanist Giuseppe De Notaris. The botanical name honours Swiss pastor and lichenologist Ludwig Schaerer. It is a widely distributed lichen, occurring in Africa, Asia, Northern and Central Europe, Macaronesia, Central America, and North America. It grows on the bark and wood of trees, especially conifers and oak.
Bacidina pycnidiata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe and North Asia. It is characterised by its whitish or cream-coloured pycnidia with long and ostiolar necks.
Lecidella mandshurica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, South Korea, and China.
Lecanora lojkahugoi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea.
Biatora oxneri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea.
Biatora pacifica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in Russia, Japan, and South Korea, where it grows along the Pacific coast. It inhabits the bark of a variety of coniferous and deciduous plants.
Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.