Big Clifty Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Mississippian | |
Type | Formation |
Unit of | Stephensport Group [1] |
Underlies | Haney Limestone |
Overlies | Beech Creek Limestone |
Location | |
Region | Indiana |
Country | United States |
The Big Clifty Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana. [2] It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. [3]
In Illinois and Kentucky, the Big Clifty is referred to as the Big Clifty Sandstone and has been assigned to the Golconda Formation. [4]
Clifty Falls State Park is an Indiana state park on 1,416 acres (573 ha) in Jefferson County, Indiana in the United States. It is 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Louisville, Kentucky. The park attracts about 370,000 visitors annually.
The Big Clifty Sandstone is a geologic formation in Illinois and Kentucky. It is a subunit of the Golconda Formation in Kentucky and is correlative with the Fraileys Shale to which it grades to in southern Illinois. The Big Clifty and Golconda are part of the Chesterian Series of late Mississippian age. The Big Clifty Sandstone was deposited in deltaic to marginal marine environment by the paleo Michigan River which in modern directions flowed south from the Canadian shield, the sediment source, and then westward depositing sediment across Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana, as the Big Clifty Formation of the Stephensport Group. At Mammoth Cave National Park the Big Clifty overlies the Girkin Formation, the uppermost of three cave forming carbonate formations which the Mammoth-Flint Ridge cave system spans. Below the Girkin Formation are the Ste. Genevieve Limestone, and the St. Louis Limestone respectively. The chemically resistant sediments comprising the Big Clifty, and similar siliciclastics, act as a caprock over the dissolving carbonates. The presence of the Big Clifty is one of several contributory factors that create favorable conditions for the formation, and subsequent preservation, of connected cavernous porosity in the Mammoth-Flint Ridge cave system.
The Trenton Formation is a geologic formation in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation in West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
The Waynesville Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Indiana. It preserves fossils from the Late Ordovician period.
The Whitewater Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The Saluda Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The Liberty Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The Golconda Formation is a geologic formation in Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. In Indiana, the Golconda, it is called the Golconda Limestone and is part of the Stephensport Group.
The Salem Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod.
The Davis Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana and Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
The Eau Claire Formation is a geologic formation in the north central United States. It preserves trilobite fossils from the Cambrian Period.
The Brazil Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana consisting of shale, sandstone, clay, and coal. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period
The Carbondale Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
The Linton Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana. It is the lower formation in the Carbondale Group, and includes six named members, "which, in ascending order, are the Seelyville Coal, Coxville Sandstone, Colchester Coal, Mecca Quarry Shale, Velpen Limestone, and Survant Coal Members, and unnamed units of sandstone, shale, and clay".
The Shelburn Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
The Waldron Shale is a geologic formation in Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
The Laurel Formation, also known as the Laurel Limestone or the Laurel Dolomite, is a geologic formation in Indiana and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
The Franconia Formation is a geologic formation in the upper mid-western United States, with outcroppings found in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It was named the Franconia Formation due to the first published documentation of exposures in vicinity of Franconia, Minnesota in the 1897 Ph.D. dissertation by Charles P. Berkley at the University of Minnesota titled Geology of the St. Croix Dalles. The Franconian stratigraphic stage was named after this formation.
The Potosi Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.